Circadian rhythm of adrenal glucocorticoid: its regulation and clinical implications
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is an adrenal steroid hormone that controls a variety of physiological processes such as metabolism, immune response, cardiovascular activity, and brain function. In addition to GC induction in response to stress, even in relatively undisturbed states its circulating level is subjected to a robust daily variation with a peak around the onset of the active period of the day. It has long been believed that the synthesis and secretion of GC are primarily regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) neuroendocrine axis. However, recent chronobiological research strongly supports the idea that multiple regulatory mechanisms along with the classical HPA neuroendocrine axis underlie the diurnal rhythm of circulating GC. Most notably, recent studies demonstrate that the molecular circadian clockwork is heavily involved in the daily GC rhythm at multiple levels. The daily GC rhythm is implicated in various human diseases accompanied by abnormal GC levels. Patients with such diseases frequently show a blunted GC rhythmicity and, more importantly, circadian rhythm-related symptoms. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of the circadian regulation of adrenal GC and its implications in human health and disease.
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Not only the levels of cortisol but also its variation across the day play a role for health and disease.
“Indeed, not only the levels of cortisol but also its variation across the day play a role for health and disease (20, 21).”
From Adverse effects of two nights of sleep restriction on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
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Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks
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- Authors
- Chung, S., Son, G. H., & Kim, K.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Kyungjin
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 1812
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 581-591
- ISSN
- 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117286783
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
- Brain Research Center for the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program in Neuroscience
- Brain Korea 21 Research Fellowships from the MEST
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- glucocorticoids, circadian rhythm, adrenal steroids, diurnal cycle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian clock, circadian rhythm disorders, glucocorticoid deficiency, glucocorticoid excess, chronobiology
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Gland Diseases, Adrenal Glands, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Glucocorticoids, Humans
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