Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal
Abstract
Leaching losses of N are a major limitation of crop production on permeable soils and under heavy rainfalls as in the humid tropics. We established a field trial in the central Amazon (near Manaus, Brazil) in order to study the influence of charcoal and compost on the retention of N. Fifteen months after organic‐matter admixing (0–0.1 m soil depth), we added 15 N‐labeled (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (27.5 kg N ha –1 at 10 atom% excess). The tracer was measured in top soil (0–0.1 m) and plant samples taken at two successive sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) harvests. The N recovery in biomass was significantly higher when the soil contained compost (14.7% of applied N) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (5.7%) due to significantly higher crop production during the first growth period. After the second harvest, the retention in soil was significantly higher in the charcoal‐amended plots (15.6%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (9.7%) due to higher retention in soil. The total N recovery in soil, crop residues, and grains was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher on compost (16.5%), charcoal (18.1%), and charcoal‐plus‐compost treatments (17.4%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (10.9%). Organic amendments increased the retention of applied fertilizer N. One process in this retention was found to be the recycling of N taken up by the crop. The relevance of immobilization, reduced N leaching, and gaseous losses as well as other potential processes for increasing N retention should be unraveled in future studies.
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Biochar reduces N leaching and runoff in soils by retaining inorganic N ions.
“Biochar has the capacity to retain inorganic N ions and, therefore, it reduces N leaching and runoff in soils (Steiner et al. 2008).”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Steiner et al. 2008
NH4 did not accrue in topsoils in this study.
“Despite a typically high CEC of biochars and observed N retention (Steiner et al. 2008), NH 4 did not accrue in topsoils which agrees with Güereña et al. (2013), who quantified extractable mineral N in the same experiment in fall 2009.”
From Medium-term effects of corn biochar addition on soil biota activities and functions in a temperate soil cropped to corn (2014) · cites this paper as Steiner et al. 2008
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Doydora, S. A., Cabrera, M. L., Das, K. C., Gaskin, J. W., Sonon, L. S., & Miller, W. P. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8051491 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Freitas, A. M., Nair, V. D., & Harris, W. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.510982 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pyrolysis temperature influences ameliorating effects of biochars on acidic soil
Wan, Q., Yuan, J.-H., Xu, R.-K., & Li, X.-H. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2183-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nitrogen and Carbon Leaching in Repacked Sandy Soil with Added Fine Particulate Biochar
Bruun, E. W., Petersen, C., Strobel, B. W., & Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2012) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0101 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The production and application of biochar in soils
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- Authors
- Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Geraldes Teixeira, W., Lehmann, J., Blum, W. E. H., & Zech, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bayreuth (DE)
- Cornell University (US)
- BOKU University (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Steiner, Christoph
- Venue
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 893-899
- ISSN
- 1436-8730 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2624
- OpenAlex
- W2142849766
- Cited by
- 654
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 30.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- nitrogen retention, nitrogen leaching, compost, biochar, charcoal, organic amendments, 15N tracer, nitrogen uptake, sorghum, Ferralsols, highly weathered soils, Amazonian soils, nitrogen immobilization, nitrogen recycling, mineral fertilizer comparison
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