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Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Previous meta-analyses identified an inverse association of coffee consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an updated meta-analysis is needed because new studies comparing the trends of association for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee have since been published. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort or nested case-control studies that assessed the relationship of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes from 1966 to February 2013. A restricted cubic spline random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Twenty-eight prospective studies were included in the analysis, with 1,109,272 study participants and 45,335 cases of type 2 diabetes. The follow-up duration ranged from 10 months to 20 years. Compared with no or rare coffee consumption, the relative risk (RR; 95% CI) for diabetes was 0.92 (0.90–0.94), 0.85 (0.82–0.88), 0.79 (0.75–0.83), 0.75 (0.71–0.80), 0.71 (0.65–0.76), and 0.67 (0.61–0.74) for 1–6 cups/day, respectively. The RR of diabetes for a 1 cup/day increase was 0.91 (0.89–0.94) for caffeinated coffee consumption and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) for decaffeinated coffee consumption (P for difference = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced diabetes risk.
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“Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee associate with lower onset of diabetes in a dose-dependent fashion (Figure 6).269”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [269]
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“Coffee intake also associates with lower risk of CHD and stroke but in a nonlinear fashion: compared with no intake, lowest risk is seen at 3-4 cups/day, with increasing risk at higher intakes.270”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [270]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ding, M., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Chen, M., van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Frank B.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-01-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 569-586
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3898757
- OpenAlex
- W2100404723
- Cited by
- 511
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Caffeine, Coffee, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors
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