Gastrointestinal Dysfunctions in Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatments
Open accessAbstract
A diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is classically established after the manifestation of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that nonmotor symptoms, especially gastrointestinal dysfunctions, could be considered as early biomarkers since they are ubiquitously found among confirmed patients and occur much earlier than their motor manifestations. According to Braak's hypothesis, the disease is postulated to originate in the intestine and then spread to the brain via the vagus nerve, a phenomenon that would involve other neuronal types than the well-established dopaminergic population. It has therefore been proposed that peripheral nondopaminergic impairments might precede the alteration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and, ultimately, the emergence of motor symptoms. Considering the growing interest in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease, this review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the multiple gastrointestinal features of the disease, along with the therapeutic approaches used to reduce their burden. Moreover, we highlight the importance of gastrointestinal symptoms with respect to the patients' responses towards medical treatments and discuss the various possible adverse interactions that can potentially occur, which are still poorly understood.
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Nonmotor symptoms, including chronic constipation and GI distress, precede motor symptoms in up to 80% of PD patients.
“Nonmotor symptoms, including chronic constipation and GI distress, precede motor symptoms in up to 80% of PD patients (O’Sullivan et al., 2008; Poirier et al., 2016; Unger et al., 2016).”
From Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis (2019) · cites this paper as Poirier et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Poirier, A.-A., Aubé, B., Côté, M., Morin, N., Di Paolo, T., & Soulet, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CA)
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (Pavillon CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Soulet, Denis
- Venue
- Parkinson s Disease
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 2016
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 2042-0080 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-8083
- PMC
- PMC5168460
- OpenAlex
- W2560353112
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 217
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Parkinson s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute of Health Research
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- Fonds de la Recherche du Québec-Santé
- Parkinson Québec
- Société Parkinson Canada and La Fondation du CHU de Québec
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal dysfunction, non-motor symptoms, gut-brain axis, Braak hypothesis, vagus nerve, early biomarkers, gastrointestinal symptoms, treatment side effects
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