The DOI matches its Crossref record; 191 of the 191 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuropathobiology of COVID-19: The Role for Glia
Open accessAbstract
SARS-CoV-2, which causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has a brain neurotropism through binding to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressed by neurones and glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. Systemic infection which accompanies severe cases of COVID-19 also triggers substantial increase in circulating levels of chemokines and interleukins that compromise the blood-brain barrier, enter the brain parenchyma and affect its defensive systems, astrocytes and microglia. Brain areas devoid of a blood-brain barrier such as the circumventricular organs are particularly vulnerable to circulating inflammatory mediators. The performance of astrocytes and microglia, as well as of immune cells required for brain health, is considered critical in defining the neurological damage and neurological outcome of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, the implication of neuroinflammation, adaptive and innate immunity, autoimmunity, as well as astrocytic and microglial immune and homeostatic functions in the neurological and psychiatric aspects of COVID-19. The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection during ageing, in the presence of systemic comorbidities, and for the exposed pregnant mother and foetus are also covered.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Once the virus enters the CNS, it affects neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and especially astrocytes, undermining neurons viability [17, 179, 180].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
In the citing paper
“In SARS-CoV-2, trans-nasal and trans-synaptic mechanisms might allow the virus to invade the olfactory bulb and brainstem, with both being the possible initial site for CNS invasion [179].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [179]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648 · Cited by 17,016 · cited 2×
“…it, can spread into the other organs including the central nervous system (CNS) and cause severe neurological outcomes during the disease development and progression, especially for patients with comorbidities and/or elderly people (Huang et al., 2020; Wolfel et al., 2020; Wu and McGoogan, 2020).”
BackgroundPolazzi, E., Mengoni, I., Caprini, M., Peña‐Altamira, E., Kurtys, E., & Monti, B. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000337115 · Cited by 9,023
Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Chang, J., Hong, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, D., et al. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127 · Cited by 7,166
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019
Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Jones, T. C., Vollmar, P., Rothe, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x · Cited by 6,661
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2639 · Cited by 6,256 · cited 1×
“Indeed, many epidemiological studies suggest that early-life adversity can be associated with an increased occurrence of neurodevelopmental, neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders later in life (Halligan et al., 2007; Lupien et al., 2009; Knuesel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827 · cited 1×
“These microglia have an amoeboid instead of a surveilling (derived from to “surveil,” which means to keep a place or a person under surveillance) morphology (Davalos et al., 2005; Nimmerjahn et al., 2005) and express markers that suggest they are ready to cope with invading agents using phagocytosis and the release of…”
BackgroundIliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, the astroglia-based glymphatic waste collection system (Iliff et al., 2012) declines with age, which affects clearance of numerous by-products and toxic substances (Kress et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAstrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595 · cited 1×
“All these structures are highly vascularised and they lack the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) (Duvernoy and Risold, 2007), which is formed by the endothelial cells lining brain vessels, together with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and extracellular components such as the basement membrane that together form the neurovas…”
BackgroundCryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 · Cited by 4,915
ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913 · cited 1×
“These microglia have an amoeboid instead of a surveilling (derived from to “surveil,” which means to keep a place or a person under surveillance) morphology (Davalos et al., 2005; Nimmerjahn et al., 2005) and express markers that suggest they are ready to cope with invading agents using phagocytosis and the release of…”
BackgroundClinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091 · Cited by 3,903
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676 · cited 1×
“of reactive oxygen species (molecular level), regulation of neurogenesis, synapse formation, maintenance and elimination (cellular and network levels), regulation of blood flow, glycogen synthesis and storage (metabolic level), as well as control of the BBB and glymphatic clearance (whole brain level) (Hanisch and Ket…”
BackgroundHost microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Erny, D., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4030 · Cited by 3,569 · cited 1×
“There is a bidirectional crosstalk between the gut and the brain, notably exerted through peripheral immune cells and the vagus nerve, which may influence disease pathogenesis by acting on microglial maturation, function and reactivity to challenges (Erny et al., 2015; Thion et al., 2018; Cryan et al., 2019).”
BackgroundCell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq
Zeisel, A., Muñoz-Manchado, A. B., Codeluppi, S., Lönnerberg, P., La Manno, G., Juréus, A., Marques, S., Munguba, H., He, L., Betsholtz, C., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1934 · Cited by 3,124 · cited 1×
“…enzyme 2 (ACE2), which together with other components of angiotensin system is expressed in the CNS, mostly by endothelial cells (Zeisel et al., 2015) but also by both neurons and neuroglial cells (Xia and Lazartigues, 2010; Gowrisankar and Clark, 2016; Tekin et al., 2018;…”
BackgroundParaneoplastic anti– N ‐methyl‐ D ‐aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma
Dalmau, J., Tüzün, E., Wu, H., Masjuan, J., Rossi, J. E., Voloschin, A., Baehring, J. M., Shimazaki, H., Koide, R., King, D., et al. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21050 · Cited by 2,492 · cited 2×
“As an immune privileged site, nervous tissue is most vulnerable for autoimmune attack, which instigates various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as the demyelinating multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (Giovannoni and Hartung, 1996), as well as the recently depicted autoimmune encephalitis (Dalma…”
BackgroundThe Neurovascular Unit Coming of Age: A Journey through Neurovascular Coupling in Health and Disease
Iadecola, C. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.030 · Cited by 2,480 · cited 2×
“All these structures are highly vascularised and they lack the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) (Duvernoy and Risold, 2007), which is formed by the endothelial cells lining brain vessels, together with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and extracellular components such as the basement membrane that together form the neurovas…”
BackgroundRogers, J. P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T. A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Zandi, M. S., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30203-0 · Cited by 2,407
Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141 · Cited by 2,252
Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19
Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Zhang, S., Xia, P., Cao, W., Jiang, W., Chen, H., Ding, X., Zhao, H., Zhang, H., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2007575 · Cited by 2,179 · cited 2×
“, 2020); these autoantibodies can cause coagulopathy and cerebral infarction, conditions that have been frequently reported in victims of severe COVID-19 (Chen et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020; Mao et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) (Figure 1).”
BackgroundNeurological associations of COVID-19
Ellul, M. A., Benjamin, L., Singh, B., Lant, S., Michael, B. D., Easton, A., Kneen, R., Defres, S., Sejvar, J., & Solomon, T. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30221-0 · Cited by 2,156 · cited 1×
“Meanwhile, autoimmunity may be another underlying mechanism for both the neurological (such as encephalitis and encephalopathy; Costello and Dalakas, 2020; Ellul et al., 2020) and psychiatric (such as psychosis and delirium; Hosseini et al.”
BackgroundLarge-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young
Oxley, T. J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Kellner, C. P., Shoirah, H., Singh, I. P., Leacy, R. A. D., Shigematsu, T., Ladner, T. R., Yaeger, K., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2009787 · Cited by 2,114 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the clinical presentation of COVID-19 frequently includes neurological symptoms and neuropathologies such as acute ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, acute necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, acute Guillain–Barré syndrome (Beyrouti et al., 2020; Dixon et al., 2020; Oxley et al., 2020; Paterson e…”
BackgroundVerkhratsky, A., & Nedergaard, M. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016 · Cited by 1,678 · cited 2×
“of reactive oxygen species (molecular level), regulation of neurogenesis, synapse formation, maintenance and elimination (cellular and network levels), regulation of blood flow, glycogen synthesis and storage (metabolic level), as well as control of the BBB and glymphatic clearance (whole brain level) (Hanisch and Ket…”
BackgroundSelf-citationA polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?
Ransohoff, R. M. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4338 · Cited by 1,573 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the M1/M2 activated microglia nomenclature has been rejected (Ransohoff, 2016).”
BackgroundImpairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain
Kress, B. T., Iliff, J. J., Xia, M., Wang, M., Wei, H. S., Zeppenfeld, D., Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Liew, J. A., et al. (2014) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24271 · Cited by 1,521
COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features
Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., & Griffith, B. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201187 · Cited by 1,505
Mascio, D. D., Khalil, A. A., Saccone, G., Rizzo, G., Buca, D. I. P., Liberati, M., Vecchiet, J., Nappi, L., Scambia, G., Berghella, V., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107 · Cited by 1,390 · cited 4×
“Premature labour, preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction were also observed (Di Mascio et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialGranerod, J., Ambrose, H. E., Davies, N. W., Clewley, J. P., Walsh, A. L., Morgan, D., Cunningham, R., Zuckerman, M., Mutton, K. J., Solomon, T., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70222-x · Cited by 1,358 · cited 1×
“As an immune privileged site, nervous tissue is most vulnerable for autoimmune attack, which instigates various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as the demyelinating multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (Giovannoni and Hartung, 1996), as well as the recently depicted autoimmune encephalitis (Dalma…”
BackgroundNetland, J., Meyerholz, D. K., Moore, S., Cassell, M., & Perlman, S. (2008) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00737-08 · Cited by 1,293 · cited 1×
“Coronaviruses may also infect CNS structures following intranasal administration; possibly with the trans-synaptic route being themain culprit (Netland et al., 2008; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundCoperchini, F., Chiovato, L., Croce, L., Magri, F., & Rotondi, M. (2020) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003 · Cited by 1,288
Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M. A., Davies, N. W. S., Pollak, T. A., Tenorio, E. L., Sultan, M., Easton, A., Breen, G., Zandi, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x · Cited by 1,246
Maternal immune activation: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders
Estes, M. L., & McAllister, A. K. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag3194 · Cited by 1,206 · cited 2×
“MIA and its consequences on the CNS have been documented for diverse pathogens such as influenza or bacterial infections, implicating fevers, cytokine storms, and abnormal immune responses in triggering or sustaining a systemic inflammatory state (Reisinger et al., 2015; Estes and McAllister, 2016).”
BackgroundAstrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation
Sofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3898 · Cited by 1,202 · cited 1×
“Activation of astrogliotic programme instigates changes in gene expression, in astrocytic biochemistry, morphology and physiology with an ultimate goal of protecting the CNS against pathological lesion (Sofroniew, 2014, 2015; Pekny et al., 2016; Verkhratsky et al., 2017).”
BackgroundT‐lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system
Hickey, W. F., Hsu, B. L., & Kimura, H. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490280213 · Cited by 1,176 · cited 1×
“For example, effectors T- and B-lymphocytes enter the CNS (even when the BBB stays intact) aiming at invasive pathogens (Hickey et al., 1991; Carson et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMicroglia: new roles for the synaptic stripper
Kettenmann, H., Kirchhoff, F., & Verkhratsky, A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.023 · Cited by 1,173 · cited 1×
“In critical developmental periods, microglia participate to the brain maturation by regulating glio- and neuronogenesis, synapse formation, maturation and function, by clearing the brain from extracellular debris and by refining its synaptic connections, notably through their phagocytic activity and release of trophic…”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe blood-brain barrier in systemic inflammation
Varatharaj, A., & Galea, I. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.010 · Cited by 1,172
The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings
Paterson, R. W., Brown, R. L., Benjamin, L. A., Nortley, R., Wiethoff, S., Bharucha, T., Jayaseelan, D. L., Kumar, G., Raftopoulos, R., Zambreanu, L., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa240 · Cited by 1,154 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the clinical presentation of COVID-19 frequently includes neurological symptoms and neuropathologies such as acute ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, acute necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, acute Guillain–Barré syndrome (Beyrouti et al., 2020; Dixon et al., 2020; Oxley et al., 2020; Paterson e…”
BackgroundTransplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Vivanti, A. J., Vauloup‐Fellous, C., Prevot, S., Zupan, V., Suffee, C., Cao, J. D., Benachi, A., & Luca, D. D. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6 · Cited by 1,117
Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth
Shao, Y., Forster, S. C., Tsaliki, E., Vervier, K., Strang, A., Simpson, N., Kumar, N., Stares, M. D., Rodger, A., Brocklehurst, P., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1 · Cited by 1,088
Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain
Song, E., Zhang, C., Israelow, B., Lu-Culligan, A., Prado, A. V., Skriabine, S., Lu, P., Weizman, O.-E., Liu, F., Dai, Y., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.169946 · Cited by 1,064 · cited 1×
“First and foremost, the virus can directly infect neural cells (Song et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMicroglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites
Rothhammer, V., Borucki, D. M., Tjon, E. C., Takenaka, M. C., Chao, C.-C., Ardura-Fabregat, A., de Lima, K. A., Gutiérrez-Vázquez, C., Hewson, P., Staszewski, O., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0119-x · Cited by 1,051
Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence?
Zhao, H., Shen, D., Zhou, H., Liu, J., & Chen, S. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30109-5 · Cited by 1,010 · cited 3×
“While the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on cells of the oligodendrocytic lineage responsible for myelination remain unclear, COVID-19 resulted in several cases of demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome (Arnaud et al., 2020; Padroni et al., 2020; Sedaghat and Karimi, 2020; Tiet and AlShaikh, 2020; Zhao et al., 2020) and Mi…”
BackgroundSystemic inflammation and microglial activation: systematic review of animal experiments
Hoogland, I. C. M., Houbolt, C., van Westerloo, D. J., van Gool, W. A., & van de Beek, D. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0332-6 · Cited by 957 · cited 1×
“As a farreaching arm for the immune-brain crosstalk, it has been long known that cytokines induced by pathogenic bacteria or viruses cause sickness behaviours that resemble depressive symptoms in animals (Hoogland et al., 2015), and offspring born by MIA pregnant mothers are susceptible for neurodevelopmental, neurolo…”
BackgroundGrubman, A., Chew, G., Ouyang, J. F., Sun, G., Choo, X. Y., McLean, C., Simmons, R. K., Buckberry, S., Vargas-Landin, D. B., Poppe, D., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0539-4 · Cited by 956 · cited 1×
“Astrogliotic programme is flexible and is disease-specific; numerous investigations demonstrating remarkable diversity of reactive astrocytic phenotypes, incompatible with the much popularised A1/A2 dichotomy (Grubman et al., 2019; Henrik Heiland et al., 2019; Al-Dalahmah et al., 2020; Wheeler et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy
Baecher-Allan, C., Kaskow, B. J., & Weiner, H. L. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.021 · Cited by 938 · cited 1×
“As key components in compartmentalised immune responses of the CNS, both astrocytes and microglia contribute to CNS autoimmunity by regulating autoantigen-presentation, BBB or blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier breakdown and autoantibody leakage, as well as adaptive T- or B- cell activation for autoantibody produ…”
BackgroundDual microglia effects on blood brain barrier permeability induced by systemic inflammation
Haruwaka, K., Ikegami, A., Tachibana, Y., Ohno, N., Konishi, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumoto, M., Kato, D., Ono, R., Kiyama, H., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13812-z · Cited by 923 · cited 1×
“While microglia are associated with the regulation of vascular remodelling, blood flow and BBB maintenance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these emerging functions are largely undetermined (Zhao et al., 2018; Halder and Milner, 2019; Haruwaka et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMathiisen, T. M., Lehre, K. P., Danbolt, N. C., & Ottersen, O. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20990 · Cited by 893 · cited 1×
“This parenchymal wall is represented by the glia limitans externa (bordering the pia matter) and glia limitans perivascularis (plastering the intra-parenchymal blood vessels), which are formed by astroglial endfeet (Mathiisen et al., 2010; Quintana, 2017).”
BackgroundThe movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS
Engelhardt, B., Vajkoczy, P., & Weller, R. O. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3666 · Cited by 893
Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders
Knuesel, I., Chicha, L., Britschgi, M., Schobel, S. A., Bodmer, M., Hellings, J. A., Toovey, S., & Prinssen, E. P. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.187 · Cited by 880 · cited 4×
“Maternal infection alters neurodevelopment thus contributing to the aetiology of disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, juvenile epilepsy and schizophrenia that emerge during childhood or adolescence (Knuesel et al., 2014; ZeidanChulia et al., 2014; Estes and McAllister, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialMicroglial Phagocytosis of Live Neurons
Brown, G. C., & Neher, J. J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3710 · Cited by 853
CNS immune privilege: hiding in plain sight
Carson, M. J., Doose, J. M., Melchior, B., Schmid, C. D., & Ploix, C. C. (2006) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00441.x · Cited by 838
Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19
Gutiérrez-Ortiz, C., Méndez-Guerrero, A., Rodrigo-Rey, S., Murillo, E. S. P., Bermejo‐Guerrero, L., Mañas, R. G., de Aragón, F., & Benito‐León, J. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009619 · Cited by 801
Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases
Pekny, M., Pekna, M., Messing, A., Steinhäuser, C., Lee, J., Parpura, V., Hol, E. M., Sofroniew, M. V., & Verkhratsky, A. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1513-1 · Cited by 793
Self-citationMicroglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction
Weinhard, L., di Bartolomei, G., Bolasco, G., Machado, P., Schieber, N. L., Neniskyte, U., Exiga, M., Vadisiute, A., Raggioli, A., Schertel, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03566-5 · Cited by 790
Microbiome Influences Prenatal and Adult Microglia in a Sex-Specific Manner
Thion, M. S., Low, D., Silvin, A., Chen, J., Grisel, P., Schulte-Schrepping, J., Blecher, R., Ulas, T., Squarzoni, P., Hoeffel, G., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.042 · Cited by 779
Physiological Roles of Aquaporin-4 in Brain
Nagelhus, E. A., & Ottersen, O. P. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2013 · Cited by 766 · cited 1×
“Another astrocytic protein that could be affected in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is aquaporin-4, also expressed by astrocytic endfeet lining the BBB, and critically involved in the exchange of fluids between the CNS and the vasculature (Nagelhus and Ottersen, 2013).”
BackgroundStreit, W. J., Braak, H., Xue, Q.-S., & Bechmann, I. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0556-6 · Cited by 727 · cited 1×
“With ageing, microglia could further become dystrophic or senescent (Streit, 2006; Streit et al., 2009; Spittau, 2017), unable then to perform efficiently their critical surveillance, immune and physiological roles.”
BackgroundCharacteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19
Beyrouti, R., Adams, M. E., Benjamin, L., Cohen, H., Farmer, S. F., Goh, Y. Y., Humphries, F., Jäger, H. R., Losseff, N. A., Perry, R. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586 · Cited by 711
Dystrophic microglia in the aging human brain
Streit, W. J., Sammons, N. W., Kuhns, A. J., & Sparks, D. L. (2004) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10319 · Cited by 705 · cited 1×
“Ageing is associated with accumulation of dystrophic forms of glial cells, with loss of homeostatic and defensive support (Figure 2), with decrease in neurogenesis (which is the function of radial stem astrocytes, also influenced by neuroinflammation and microglial phagocytosis) and with failure of oligodendroglial pr…”
BackgroundSofroniew, M. V. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a020420 · Cited by 695 · cited 1×
“Activation of astrogliotic programme instigates changes in gene expression, in astrocytic biochemistry, morphology and physiology with an ultimate goal of protecting the CNS against pathological lesion (Sofroniew, 2014, 2015; Pekny et al., 2016; Verkhratsky et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMicroglia activation triggers astrocyte-mediated modulation of excitatory neurotransmission
Pascual, O., Ben Achour, S., Rostaing, P., Triller, A., & Bessis, A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1111098109 · Cited by 693 · cited 1×
“Glial cells are thus orchestrating together the brain health and its response to systemic and local pathology (Pascual et al., 2012; Rothhammer et al., 2018; Jay et al., 2019; Vainchtein and Molofsky, 2020).”
BackgroundThe Brain’s Glymphatic System: Current Controversies
Mestre, H., Mori, Y., & Nedergaard, M. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.003 · Cited by 609 · cited 1×
“of reactive oxygen species (molecular level), regulation of neurogenesis, synapse formation, maintenance and elimination (cellular and network levels), regulation of blood flow, glycogen synthesis and storage (metabolic level), as well as control of the BBB and glymphatic clearance (whole brain level) (Hanisch and Ket…”
BackgroundGuillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report
Sedaghat, Z., & Karimi, N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.062 · Cited by 600
Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review
Mullins, E., Evans, D., Viner, R., O’Brien, P., & Morris, E. (2020) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.22014 · Cited by 595 · cited 1×
“Preterm birth <37 weeks and caesarean delivery is common in pregnant women affected with COVID-19 (Di Mascio et al., 2020; Matar et al., 2020; Mullins et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMicroglial regional heterogeneity and its role in the brain
Tan, Y.-L., Yuan, Y., & Tian, L. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0609-8 · Cited by 571
Self-citationMicroglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community
Stratoulias, V., Venero, J. L., Tremblay, M., & Joseph, B. (2019) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2019101997 · Cited by 564 · cited 1×
“Across the brain, the microglial population comprises different subsets with unique intrinsic properties, performing somehow-specialised physiological functions (Stratoulias et al., 2019; Tan et al., 2020), that can adopt different phenotypes upon exposure to systemic challenges, and could play either complementary or…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTay, T. L., Savage, J. C., Hui, C. W., Bisht, K., & Tremblay, M. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272134 · Cited by 562
Self-citationTrafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system
Wilson, E. H., Weninger, W., & Hunter, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci41911 · Cited by 547
The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Insights for the 21st Century
Morens, D. M., & Fauci, A. S. (2007) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511989 · Cited by 536 · cited 1×
“summer of 1918; the influenza pandemic added to the global world catastrophe instigated by the Great War and claimed ∼50 million people, being thus two times deadlier than the mass killing on the battlefield (Morens and Fauci, 2007).”
BackgroundSublime Microglia: Expanding Roles for the Guardians of the CNS
Salter, M. W., & Beggs, S. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.008 · Cited by 531
Buzhdygan, T. P., DeOre, B. J., Baldwin‐Leclair, A., Bullock, T. A., McGary, H. M., Khan, J. A., Razmpour, R., Hale, J. F., Galie, P. A., Potula, R., et al. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105131 · Cited by 513
MAFG-driven astrocytes promote CNS inflammation
Wheeler, M. A., Clark, I. C., Tjon, E. C., Li, Z., Zandee, S. E. J., Couturier, C. P., Watson, B. R., Scalisi, G., Alkwai, S., Rothhammer, V., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1999-0 · Cited by 501
Xu, J., Zhong, S., Liu, J., Li, L., Li, Y., Wu, X., Li, Z., Deng, P., Zhang, J., Zhong, N. S., et al. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/444461 · Cited by 492
Reichard, R. R., Kashani, K. B., Boire, N. A., Constantopoulos, E., Guo, Y., & Lucchinetti, C. F. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-020-02166-2 · Cited by 479
Oligodendrocyte, Astrocyte, and Microglia Crosstalk in Myelin Development, Damage, and Repair
Domingues, H. S., Portugal, C. C., Socodato, R., & Relvas, J. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2016.00071 · Cited by 460
Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Perlman, S., Zhao, J., Jewell, A. K., Reznikov, L. R., Gibson-Corley, K. N., Meyerholz, D. K., & McCray, P. B. (2016) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv499 · Cited by 459
Astrocytes and microglia: In sickness and in health
Vainchtein, I. D., & Molofsky, A. V. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.003 · Cited by 450
Astrocytes in physiological aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Rodríguez-Arellano, J. J., Parpura, V., Zorec, R., & Verkhratsky, A. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.007 · Cited by 439
Self-citationHenrik Heiland, D., Ravi, V. M., Behringer, S. P., Frenking, J. H., Wurm, J., Joseph, K., Garrelfs, N. W. C., Strähle, J., Heynckes, S., Grauvogel, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10493-6 · Cited by 437
The impact of systemic infection on the progression of neurodegenerative disease
Perry, V. H., Newman, T. A., & Cunningham, C. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1032 · Cited by 428 · cited 1×
“There is a well-defined link between systemic inflammation or major systemic diseases and cognitive deficits: systemic pathologies promote neurodegenerative process and accelerate cognitive decline (Perry et al., 2003).”
BackgroundDark microglia: A new phenotype predominantly associated with pathological states
Bisht, K., Sharma, K. P., Lecours, C., Gabriela Sánchez, M., El Hajj, H., Milior, G., Olmos‐Alonso, A., Gómez‐Nicola, D., Luheshi, G., Vallières, L., et al. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22966 · Cited by 421
Self-citationKayser, M. S., Titulaer, M. J., Gresa‐Arribas, N., & Dalmau, J. O. (2013) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3216 · Cited by 419
Pollak, T. A., Lennox, B., Müller, S., Benros, M. E., Prüß, H., van Elst, L. T., Klein, H. C., Steiner, J. H., Frodl, T., Bogerts, B., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30290-1 · Cited by 417
Self-citationZhou, Z., Kang, H., Li, S., & Zhao, X. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09929-7 · Cited by 408
Microglial senescence: does the brain's immune system have an expiration date?
Streit, W. J. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.001 · Cited by 397 · cited 1×
“With ageing, microglia could further become dystrophic or senescent (Streit, 2006; Streit et al., 2009; Spittau, 2017), unable then to perform efficiently their critical surveillance, immune and physiological roles.”
BackgroundPossible Central Nervous System Infection by SARS Coronavirus
Lau, K., Yu, W.-C., Chu, C., Lau, S.-T., Sheng, B., & Yuen, K. (2004) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1002.030638 · Cited by 395 · cited 1×
“The SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group 2B of β-coronavirus family, several members of which demonstrate neurotropism (Lau et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2005; Steardo et al., 2020a; Zhou et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSystemic Immune Activation Leads to Neuroinflammation and Sickness Behavior in Mice
Biesmans, S., Meert, T. F., Bouwknecht, J. A., Acton, P. D., Davoodi, N., Haes, P. D., Kuijlaars, J., Langlois, X., Matthews, L. J. R., Donck, L. V., et al. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/271359 · Cited by 391
Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19
Kanberg, N., Ashton, N. J., Andersson, L., Yilmaz, A., Lindh, M., Nilsson, S., Price, R. W., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., & Gisslén, M. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010111 · Cited by 373 · cited 1×
“For example, plasma concentration of the astrogliosis marker GFAP in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 is significantly increased (Kanberg et al., 2020).”
BackgroundNeuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID‐19
Steardo, L., Steardo, L., Zorec, R., & Verkhratsky, A. (2020) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13473 · Cited by 367
Self-citationBisht, K., Sharma, K. P., & Tremblay, M. (2018) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.05.003 · Cited by 366
Self-citationMicroglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination
Hughes, A. N., & Appel, B. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2 · Cited by 344 · cited 1×
“More recently, microglia were also found to contribute to developmental myelination and remyelination (for instance in multiple sclerosis) through the release of trophic factors regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor’s formation and maturation, as well as removal of myelin debris required for remyelination (Domingues e…”
BackgroundVerkhratsky, A., Parpura, V., Vardjan, N., & Zorec, R. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_3 · Cited by 320
Self-citationMicroglia, Lifestyle Stress, and Neurodegeneration
Madore, C., Yin, Z., Leibowitz, J. A., & Butovsky, O. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.003 · Cited by 313 · cited 3×
“Various challenges from the external environment to which microglia respond, psychological or physiological, are associated with epigenetic, metabolic, proteomic, transcriptomic, densitometric, morphological/ultrastructural changes of these cells that can result in compromised molecular and cellular functions, normall…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response
Chen, Y., & Li, L. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30235-8 · Cited by 294
Brain changes in a maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders
Bergdolt, L., & Dunaevsky, A. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.002 · Cited by 282
Blood-brain barrier permeability and physical exercise
Małkiewicz, M. A., Szarmach, A., Sabisz, A., Cubała, W. J., Szurowska, E., & Winklewski, P. J. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1403-x · Cited by 276 · cited 1×
“The disruption of the BBB, which is exacerbated by stress, sleep deprivation, metabolic syndrome, vascular comorbidities, as well as ageing, for instance (Małkiewicz et al., 2019), allows CNS entrance of pathological agents, including viral particles among other”
BackgroundAging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
Spittau, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00194 · Cited by 271 · cited 1×
“With ageing, microglia could further become dystrophic or senescent (Streit, 2006; Streit et al., 2009; Spittau, 2017), unable then to perform efficiently their critical surveillance, immune and physiological roles.”
BackgroundSierra, A., Beccari, S., Díaz‐Aparicio, I., Encinas, J. M., Comeau, S., & Tremblay, M. (2014) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2014/610343 · Cited by 268
Self-citationThe influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain
McPherson, C. C., Miller, S. P., El‐Dib, M., Massaro, A. N., & Inder, T. E. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6 · Cited by 267 · cited 1×
“With the increase of preterm births and admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, COVID-19 may add to the perinatal stress that is known to be deleterious on brain development (Schepanski et al., 2018; McPherson et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSingle-nucleus RNA-seq identifies Huntington disease astrocyte states
Al-Dalahmah, O., Sosunov, A. A., Shaik, A., Ofori, K., Liu, Y., Vonsattel, J. P., Adorjan, I., Menon, V., & Goldman, J. E. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-0880-6 · Cited by 264 · cited 1×
“Astrogliotic programme is flexible and is disease-specific; numerous investigations demonstrating remarkable diversity of reactive astrocytic phenotypes, incompatible with the much popularised A1/A2 dichotomy (Grubman et al., 2019; Henrik Heiland et al., 2019; Al-Dalahmah et al., 2020; Wheeler et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe circumventricular organs: An atlas of comparative anatomy and vascularization
Duvernoy, H. M., & Risold, P. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.002 · Cited by 263 · cited 1×
“All these structures are highly vascularised and they lack the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) (Duvernoy and Risold, 2007), which is formed by the endothelial cells lining brain vessels, together with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and extracellular components such as the basement membrane that together form the neurovas…”
BackgroundEarly postmortem brain MRI findings in COVID-19 non-survivors
Coolen, T., Lolli, V. E., Sadeghi, N., Rovaï, A., Trotta, N., Taccone, F. S., Créteur, J., Henrard, S., Goffard, J., Dewitte, O., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010116 · Cited by 257
Early postmortem brain MRI findings in COVID-19 non-survivors
Coolen, T., Lolli, V., Sadeghi, N., Rovaï, A., Trotta, N., Taccone, F. S., Creteur, J., Henrard, S., Goffard, J.-C., De Witte, O., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.20090316 · Cited by 256
Paolicelli, R. C., & Ferretti, M. T. (2017) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2017.00009 · Cited by 252 · cited 1×
“Moreover, the detrimental consequences of early-life stress exposure on microglial maturation are multiple and thus would alter profoundly microglial physiological activities during development (Paolicelli and Ferretti, 2017).”
BackgroundCurran, E. A., O'Neill, S. M., Cryan, J. F., Kenny, L. C., Dinan, T. G., Khashan, A. S., & Kearney, P. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12351 · Cited by 250
Al‐Diwani, A., Handel, A. E., Townsend, L., Pollak, T. A., Leite, M. I., Harrison, P. J., Lennox, B., Okai, D., Manohar, S., & Irani, S. R. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30001-x · Cited by 249
1918 INFLUENZA, ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA, PARKINSONISM
Ravenholt, R. T., & Foege, W. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90820-0 · Cited by 248
Neurological Disease as a Failure of Brain-Immune Crosstalk: The Multiple Faces of Neuroinflammation
Schwartz, M., & Deczkowska, A. (2016) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2016.08.001 · Cited by 246
Inflammation and the neurovascular unit in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia
del Zoppo, G. J. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.028 · Cited by 243
Reisinger, S. N., Khan, D., Kong, E., Berger, A., Pollak, A. J., & Pollak, D. D. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.001 · Cited by 238
Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain
Verkhratsky, A., Zorec, R., & Parpura, V. (2017) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12537 · Cited by 236
Self-citationMorphology of Microglia Across Contexts of Health and Disease
Savage, J. C., Carrier, M., & Tremblay, M.-È. (2019) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9658-2_2 · Cited by 232
Self-citationSteardo, L., Steardo, L., & Verkhratsky, A. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00949-5 · Cited by 227
Self-citationMattei, D., Ivanov, A., Ferrai, C., Jordan, P., Guneykaya, D., Buonfiglioli, A., Schaafsma, W., Przanowski, P., Deuther-Conrad, W., Brust, P., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.80 · Cited by 222
Verkhratsky, A., Nedergaard, M., & Hertz, L. (2014) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1403-2 · Cited by 218
Self-citationHalligan, S. L., Herbert, J., Goodyer, I., & Murray, L. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.011 · Cited by 217 · cited 1×
“Indeed, many epidemiological studies suggest that early-life adversity can be associated with an increased occurrence of neurodevelopmental, neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders later in life (Halligan et al., 2007; Lupien et al., 2009; Knuesel et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMicroglia Gone Rogue: Impacts on Psychiatric Disorders across the Lifespan
Tay, T. L., Béchade, C., D’Andrea, I., St‐Pierre, M., Henry, M. S., Roumier, A., & Tremblay, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2017.00421 · Cited by 217
Self-citationExosomes, DAMPs and miRNA: Features of Stress Physiology and Immune Homeostasis
Fleshner, M., & Crane, C. R. (2017) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.08.002 · Cited by 212 · cited 1×
“Similarly, microglia respond to BBB disruption and DAMPs presence by increasing their phagocytic capacity and release of proinflammatory mediators, together associated with their reactivity (Fleshner and Crane, 2017).”
BackgroundDixon, L. V. M., Varley, J. A., Gontsarova, A., Mallon, D. H., Tona, F., Muir, D. A., Luqmani, A., Jenkins, I. H., Nicholas, R. S., Jones, B., et al. (2020) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000789 · Cited by 206 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the clinical presentation of COVID-19 frequently includes neurological symptoms and neuropathologies such as acute ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, acute necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, acute Guillain–Barré syndrome (Beyrouti et al., 2020; Dixon et al., 2020; Oxley et al., 2020; Paterson e…”
BackgroundAstrocytes and Microglia as Major Players of Myelin Production in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Traiffort, É., Kassoussi, A., Zahaf, A., & Laouarem, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00079 · Cited by 202 · cited 2×
“More recently, microglia were also found to contribute to developmental myelination and remyelination (for instance in multiple sclerosis) through the release of trophic factors regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor’s formation and maturation, as well as removal of myelin debris required for remyelination (Domingues e…”
BackgroundGuillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication?
Padroni, M., Mastrangelo, V., Asioli, G. M., Pavolucci, L., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Piscaglia, M. G., Querzani, P., Callegarini, C., & Foschi, M. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09849-6 · Cited by 199 · cited 2×
“While the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on cells of the oligodendrocytic lineage responsible for myelination remain unclear, COVID-19 resulted in several cases of demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome (Arnaud et al., 2020; Padroni et al., 2020; Sedaghat and Karimi, 2020; Tiet and AlShaikh, 2020; Zhao et al., 2020) and Mi…”
BackgroundMETHYLDOPA AND HqMOLYTIC ANqMIA
Weiner, W. J. (1966) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92290-2 · Cited by 196
Candelario‐Jalil, E., Taheri, S., Yang, Y. R., Sood, R., Grossetete, M., Estrada, E. Y., Fiebich, B. L., & Rosenberg, G. A. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.127035 · Cited by 193
When encephalitogenic T cells collaborate with microglia in multiple sclerosis
Dong, Y., & Yong, V. W. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0253-6 · Cited by 169 · cited 1×
“As key components in compartmentalised immune responses of the CNS, both astrocytes and microglia contribute to CNS autoimmunity by regulating autoantigen-presentation, BBB or blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier breakdown and autoantibody leakage, as well as adaptive T- or B- cell activation for autoantibody produ…”
BackgroundLi, Y., Fu, L., Gonzales, D. M., & Lavi, E. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.7.3398-3406.2004 · Cited by 158 · cited 1×
“In experimental mouse models of infection with coronavirus, MHV-59A resulted in encephalitis with prominent astrogliosis and induction of astroglial synthesis of cytokines; moreover, neurovirulence correlated with the cytokine response (Li et al., 2004).”
BackgroundEpigenetics Control Microglia Plasticity
Cheray, M., & Joseph, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00243 · Cited by 157
A Developmental Analysis of Juxtavascular Microglia Dynamics and Interactions with the Vasculature
Mondo, E., Becker, S. C., Kautzman, A. G., Schifferer, M., Baer, C. E., Chen, J., Huang, E. J., Simons, M., & Schafer, D. P. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3006-19.2020 · Cited by 153
Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates
Mahase, E. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1327 · Cited by 152 · cited 1×
“Ageing increases the vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 and severity of COVID-19; the death rate in old population attained ∼10% compare to overall death rate of 0.66% (Mahase, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuroimmunological Implications of AQP4 in Astrocytes
Ikeshima‐Kataoka, H. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17081306 · Cited by 151
Astroglia dynamics in ageing and Alzheimer's disease
Verkhratsky, A., Zorec, R., Rodriguez, J. J., & Parpura, V. (2015) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2015.09.011 · Cited by 150
Self-citationAstroglial atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease
Verkhratsky, A., Rodriguez, J. J., Pivoriūnas, A., Zorec, R., & Semyanov, A. V. (2019) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-019-02310-2 · Cited by 150 · cited 1×
“Brain as an organ sustains ageing remarkably well; cognitive excellence sustains into ages when physical abilities are remarkably affected (Verkhratsky, 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: Central Regulator for Cardiovascular Function
Xia, H., & Lazartigues, E. D. (2010) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0105-7 · Cited by 149
Curran, E. A., Dalman, C., Kearney, P. M., Kenny, L. C., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Khashan, A. S. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0846 · Cited by 146
Madore, C., Leyrolle, Q., Lacabanne, C., Benmamar-Badel, A., Joffre, C., Nadjar, A., & Layé, S. (2016) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/3597209 · Cited by 141 · cited 1×
“However, several questions remain unaddressed regarding the impact of MIA on neuroinflammation and microglia especially during brain development in the offspring (Madore et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchepanski, S. N., Buß, C., Hanganu‐Opatz, I. L., & Arck, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02186 · Cited by 137
Vanzulli, I., Papanikolaou, M., De-La-Rocha, I. C., Pieropan, F., Rivera, A. D., Gomez-Nicola, D., Verkhratsky, A., Rodríguez, J. J., & Butt, A. M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.016 · Cited by 130
Self-citationPurves-Tyson, T. D., Weber‐Stadlbauer, U., Richetto, J., Rothmond, D. A., Labouesse, M. A., Polesel, M., Robinson, K., Weickert, C. S., & Meyer, U. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0434-0 · Cited by 127
Burman, W. J., Cohn, D. L., Reves, R. R., & Wilson, M. L. (1995) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/20.3.564 · Cited by 122
Matar, R., Alrahmani, L., Monzer, N., Debiane, L. G., Berbari, E. F., Fares, J., Fitzpatrick, F., & Murad, M. H. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa828 · Cited by 117 · cited 3×
“Most of the in utero exposed to COVID-19 were delivered by neonates caesarean section (Di Mascio et al., 2020; Matar et al., 2020), while it has been shown that caesarean section vs.”
BackgroundThe glial perspective of autism spectrum disorders
Zeidán‐Chuliá, F., Salmina, A. B., Malinovskaya, N. A., Noda, M., Verkhratsky, A., & Moreira, J. C. F. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.008 · Cited by 116
Self-citationMicroglial interactions with the neurovascular system in physiology and pathology
Zhao, X., Eyo, U. B., Murugan, M., & Wu, L. (2018) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22576 · Cited by 112 · cited 1×
“While microglia are associated with the regulation of vascular remodelling, blood flow and BBB maintenance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these emerging functions are largely undetermined (Zhao et al., 2018; Halder and Milner, 2019; Haruwaka et al., 2019).”
BackgroundVerkhratsky, A., Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Pivoriūnas, A., Popov, A., Brazhe, A., & Semyanov, A. V. (2020) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02465-3 · Cited by 110
Self-citationMolecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory pacemaker neurons
Lucchese, G., & Flöel, A. (2020) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102556 · Cited by 109
Systemic inflammation in early neonatal mice induces transient and lasting neurodegenerative effects
Cardoso, F. L., Herz, J., Fernandes, A., Rocha, J., Sepodes, B., Brito, M. A., McGavern, D. B., & Brites, D. (2015) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0299-3 · Cited by 103
Cranial neuropathies and COVID-19
Costello, F., & Dalakas, M. C. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009921 · Cited by 103
Astroglial Calcium Signaling in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
Verkhratsky, A. (2019) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a035188 · Cited by 99 · cited 1×
“Brain as an organ sustains ageing remarkably well; cognitive excellence sustains into ages when physical abilities are remarkably affected (Verkhratsky, 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA critical role for microglia in maintaining vascular integrity in the hypoxic spinal cord
Halder, S. K., & Milner, R. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1912178116 · Cited by 98 · cited 1×
“While microglia are associated with the regulation of vascular remodelling, blood flow and BBB maintenance, the molecular mechanisms underlying these emerging functions are largely undetermined (Zhao et al., 2018; Halder and Milner, 2019; Haruwaka et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSerum S100B protein as a marker of severity in Covid-19 patients
Aceti, A., Margarucci, L. M., Scaramucci, E., Orsini, M., Salerno, G., Sante, G. D., Gianfranceschi, G., Liddo, R. D., Valeriani, F., Ria, F., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75618-0 · Cited by 98 · cited 1×
“Serum levels of the astrocytic calcium binding protein S100b, associated with an increased BBB permeability, significantly correlate with COVID-19 disease severity, inflammationmarkers (ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, procalcitonin), and organ damage markers (alanine aminotransferase, creatinine) (Aceti et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEffects of 3D culturing conditions on the transcriptomic profile of stem-cell-derived neurons
Tekin, H., Simmons, S., Cummings, B. B., Gao, L. A., Adiconis, X., Hession, C. C., Ghoshal, A., Dionne, D. A., Choudhury, S., Yesilyurt, V., et al. (2018) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-018-0219-9 · Cited by 97 · cited 1×
“, 2015) but also by both neurons and neuroglial cells (Xia and Lazartigues, 2010; Gowrisankar and Clark, 2016; Tekin et al., 2018; Nemoto et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTREM2 is required for microglial instruction of astrocytic synaptic engulfment in neurodevelopment
Jay, T. R., von Saucken, V. E., Muñoz, B., Codocedo, J. F., Atwood, B. K., Lamb, B. T., & Landreth, G. E. (2019) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23664 · Cited by 97 · cited 1×
“Glial cells are thus orchestrating together the brain health and its response to systemic and local pathology (Pascual et al., 2012; Rothhammer et al., 2018; Jay et al., 2019; Vainchtein and Molofsky, 2020).”
BackgroundVerkhratsky, A., Marutle, A., Rodríguez-Arellano, J. J., & Nordberg, A. (2015) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858414547132 · Cited by 95
Self-citationGowrisankar, Y. V., & Clark, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13641 · Cited by 92 · cited 2×
“In particular, ACE2 populates the circumventricular organs (CVOs), the subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (Xia and Lazartigues, 2010; Gowrisankar and Clark, 2016).”
BackgroundCrisp, S. J., Kullmann, D. M., & Vincent, A. C. (2016) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.27 · Cited by 92
COVID-19 Infection and Neurological Complications: Present Findings and Future Predictions
Beghi, E., Feigin, V. L., Caso, V., Santalucia, P., & Logroscino, G. (2020) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000508991 · Cited by 87
Post SARS-CoV-2 Guillain-Barré syndrome
Arnaud, S., Budowski, C., Tin, S. N. W., & Degos, B. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.003 · Cited by 84 · cited 2×
“While the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on cells of the oligodendrocytic lineage responsible for myelination remain unclear, COVID-19 resulted in several cases of demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome (Arnaud et al., 2020; Padroni et al., 2020; Sedaghat and Karimi, 2020; Tiet and AlShaikh, 2020; Zhao et al., 2020) and Mi…”
BackgroundInfection Hospitalization Increases Risk of Dementia in the Elderly*
Tate, J. A., Snitz, B. E., Alvarez, K., Nahin, R. L., Weissfeld, L. A., López, O. L., Angus, D. C., Shah, F. A., Ives, D. G., Fitzpatrick, A. L., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000123 · Cited by 81 · cited 1×
“, with flu and pneumonia) can render individuals more prone to developing depression, psychosis, delirium, Parkinson’s disease and other forms of dementia, among other conditions, and even more so with a chronic stress life history (Tate et al., 2014; Bisht et al., 2018).”
BackgroundStenzel, W., Soltek, S., Schlüter, D., & Deckert, M. (2004) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/63.6.631 · Cited by 74 · cited 1×
“For example, suppression of astrogliosis in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) knockout mice substantially facilitates the penetration of Staphylococcus aureus or Toxoplasma gondii into the brain, which results in vasculitis, purulent ventriculitis and severe brain oedema (Stenzel et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMicroglia are continuously activated in the circumventricular organs of mouse brain
Takagi, S., Furube, E., Nakano, Y., Morita, M., & Miyata, S. (2017) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.008 · Cited by 70 · cited 1×
“, 2005) and express markers that suggest they are ready to cope with invading agents using phagocytosis and the release of various mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (Takagi et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAstrocytes to the rescue! Glia limitans astrocytic endfeet control CNS inflammation
Quintana, F. J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci95769 · Cited by 66 · cited 1×
“This parenchymal wall is represented by the glia limitans externa (bordering the pia matter) and glia limitans perivascularis (plastering the intra-parenchymal blood vessels), which are formed by astroglial endfeet (Mathiisen et al., 2010; Quintana, 2017).”
BackgroundJoost, E., Jordão, M. J. C., Mages, B., Prinz, M., Bechmann, I., & Krueger, M. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01834-8 · Cited by 66
Shedding Light on the Dark Side of the Microglia
St‐Pierre, M., Šimončičová, E., Bögi, E., & Tremblay, M. (2020) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1177/1759091420925335 · Cited by 66 · cited 1×
“While dark microglia’s consequences on the BBB are still elusive, they make extensive phagocytic interactions with synapses, suggesting their implication in pathological remodelling of neuronal circuits (Bisht et al., 2016; St.-Pierre et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThion, M. S., Mosser, C., Férézou, I., Grisel, P., Baptista, S., Low, D., Ginhoux, F., Garel, S., & Audinat, É. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.086 · Cited by 64
Role of Glia in the Regulation of Sleep in Health and Disease
Garofalo, S., Picard, K., Limatola, C., Nadjar, A., Pascual, O., & Tremblay, M. (2020) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c190022 · Cited by 64
Self-citationTay, T. L., Carrier, M., & Tremblay, M. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_6 · Cited by 61 · cited 1×
“Microglial surveillance of the parenchyma, but also contribution to the regulation of neuronal activity, myelination, as well as synaptic plasticity, and cognition, among others essential physiological roles (Salter and Beggs, 2014; Tay et al., 2019), could be reduced or compromised as a result of their resource-consu…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAlam, S. B., Willows, S. D., Kulka, M., & Sandhu, J. K. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14442 · Cited by 61 · cited 1×
“…2020) and breakdown of Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 7 November 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 592214 physiological barriers (Alam et al., 2020; Buzhdygan et al., 2020), in which unleashed autoimmune cells cross-react to exposed autoantigens, hence causing autoimmune…”
BackgroundDoes SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis
Cappello, F., Marino, A., Dieli, F., de Macario, E. C., & Macario, A. J. L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9072038 · Cited by 60 · cited 1×
“Autoimmune responses can be induced by viral pathogens, possibly through “molecular mimicry” (Cappello et al., 2020; Lucchese and Floel, 2020) and breakdown of Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 7 November 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 592214 physiological barriers (Alam et al.,…”
BackgroundDelirium as a presenting feature in COVID-19: Neuroinvasive infection or autoimmune encephalopathy?
Hosseini, A. A., Shetty, A. K., Sprigg, N., Auer, D. P., & Constantinescu, C. S. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.012 · Cited by 58 · cited 2×
“Currently, although the involvement of neurotropism and autoimmunity was suggested for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID19 neuropathies (Costello and Dalakas, 2020; Hosseini et al., 2020), there has been no solid clinical or preclinical evidence of autoantibodies positively detected in the CSF or blood of COVID-19 sufferers to sup…”
BackgroundThe immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Giovannoni, G., & Hartung, H. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-199606000-00004 · Cited by 57 · cited 1×
“As an immune privileged site, nervous tissue is most vulnerable for autoimmune attack, which instigates various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as the demyelinating multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (Giovannoni and Hartung, 1996), as well as the recently depicted autoimmune encephalitis (Dalma…”
BackgroundNemoto, W., Yamagata, R., Nakagawasai, O., Nakagawa, K., Hung, W.-Y., Fujita, M., Tadano, T., & Tan–No, K. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172950 · Cited by 51 · cited 1×
“, 2015) but also by both neurons and neuroglial cells (Xia and Lazartigues, 2010; Gowrisankar and Clark, 2016; Tekin et al., 2018; Nemoto et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPan, R., Zhang, Q., Anthony, S. M., Zhou, Y., Zou, X., Cassell, M. D., & Perlman, S. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2003432117 · Cited by 50 · cited 2×
“Studies using other coronaviruses, such as herpes virus, revealed that cells of the oligodendrocytic lineage can be infected, yet they survived and contributed to sustaining neuroinflammation (Pan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodGuillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case from the UK
Tiet, M. Y., & AlShaikh, N. (2020) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-236536 · Cited by 49 · cited 2×
“While the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on cells of the oligodendrocytic lineage responsible for myelination remain unclear, COVID-19 resulted in several cases of demyelinating Guillain-Barré syndrome (Arnaud et al., 2020; Padroni et al., 2020; Sedaghat and Karimi, 2020; Tiet and AlShaikh, 2020; Zhao et al., 2020) and Mi…”
BackgroundDevita, M., Bordignon, A., Sergi, G., & Coin, A. (2021) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01637-6 · Cited by 48 · cited 1×
“Similarly, neurological and cognitive deficits seem to be on increase in elderly with COVID-19 history (Devita et al., 2020; Varatharaj et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development
Deoni, S., Adams, S. H., Li, X., Badger, T. M., Pivik, R. T., Glasier, C. M., Ramakrishnaiah, R. H., Rowell, A. C., & Ou, X. (2018) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a5887 · Cited by 47 · cited 1×
“vaginal deliveries may seriously impact infant immune maturation with consequences on the brain development (Curran et al., 2015a,b; Deoni et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMicroglia: The Brain's First Responders.
Bilbo, S. D., & Stevens, B. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 47
Thoughts on COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases
Askanase, A., Khalili, L., & Buyon, J. P. (2020) · Lupus Science & Medicine · doi:10.1136/lupus-2020-000396 · Cited by 47 · cited 1×
“Patients already affected by autoimmune diseases are, arguably, more susceptible for developing cytokine storm that can initiate or exacerbate autoimmune neurology (Askanase et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMinami, T., Okazaki, J., Kawabata, A., KAWAKI, H., Okazaki, Y., & Tohno, Y. (1998) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10004-7 · Cited by 45
Kriaučiūnaitė, K., Kaušylė, A., Pajarskienė, J., Tunaitis, V., Lim, D., Verkhratsky, A., & Pivoriūnas, A. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-020-00871-w · Cited by 40 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, astrocytes regulate the permeability of BBB through influencing expression of tight junctions in endothelial cells layer (Kriauciunaite et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGrotta, J. C., Jacobs, T. P., Koroshetz, W. J., & Moskowitz, M. A. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.510776 · Cited by 39 · cited 1×
“All these structures are highly vascularised and they lack the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) (Duvernoy and Risold, 2007), which is formed by the endothelial cells lining brain vessels, together with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and extracellular components such as the basement membrane that together form the neurovas…”
BackgroundWu, H., Brown, E. V., Acharya, N. K., Appelt, D. M., Marks, A., Nagele, R. G., & Venkataraman, V. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.026 · Cited by 37
Maternal viral infection causes global alterations in porcine fetal microglia
Antonson, A. M., Lawson, M. A., Caputo, M. P., Matt, S. M., Leyshon, B. J., & Johnson, R. W. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1817014116 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“As previously characterised in other maternal infection models, MIA-exposed microglia increase their expression of MHC class II that is coupled with an altered microglial transcriptome and with a reduced phagocytic and chemotactic activity (Mattei et al., 2017; Antonson et al., 2019; Purves-Tyson et al., 2019; Thion e…”
BackgroundEndocytic uptake of SARS-CoV-2: the critical roles of pH, Ca2+, and NAADP
Petersen, O. H., Gerasimenko, O. V., & Gerasimenko, J. V. (2020) · Function · doi:10.1093/function/zqaa003 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“The actual invasion occurs through endocytosis controlled by endosomal proton pump, and by NAADP-sensitive intracellular two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) (Petersen et al., 2020) (Figure 1).”
BackgroundAutoantibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 in health and disease
Ehrenreich, H. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000546 · Cited by 30 · cited 1×
“On the other hand, autoantibodies are not all pathogenic, can even circulate in healthy subjects (Ehrenreich, 2018), and therefore increased autoimmunity may not be specific for COVID-19.”
BackgroundBuzhdygan, T. P., DeOre, B. J., Baldwin-Leclair, A., McGary, H., Razmpour, R., Galie, P. A., Potula, R., Andrews, A. M., & Ramirez, S. H. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.150912 · Cited by 29
Tachibana, M., Mohri, I., Hirata, I., Kuwada, A., Kimura-Ohba, S., Kagitani-Shimono, K., Fushimi, H., Inoue, T., Shiomi, M., Kakuta, Y., et al. (2019) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2018.07.008 · Cited by 28 · cited 1×
“At the same time, viral infections may damage astrocytes: for example, a severe astrodegeneration in the form of clasmatodendrosis, an astrocytic morphological change characterised by fragmentation of the distal processes and swollen cell bodies, has been identified in the brains of influenza-associated encephalopathy…”
BackgroundDomingues, H. S., Portugal, C. C., Socodato, R., & Relvas, J. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2016.00079 · Cited by 25 · cited 1×
“…and remyelination (for instance in multiple sclerosis) through the release of trophic factors regulating oligodendrocyte progenitor’s formation and maturation, as well as removal of myelin debris required for remyelination (Domingues et al., 2016; Hughes and Appel, 2020; Traiffort et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19: A Perspective from Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
Pero, A., Ng, S., & Cai, D. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420946749 · Cited by 13 · cited 1×
“Similarly, the clinical presentation of COVID-19 frequently includes neurological symptoms and neuropathologies such as acute ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, acute necrotising haemorrhagic encephalopathy, acute Guillain–Barré syndrome (Beyrouti et al., 2020; Dixon et al., 2020; Oxley et al., 2020; Paterson e…”
BackgroundEPIDEMIC ENCEPHALO-MYELITIS AND INFLUENZA.
Crookshank, F. G. (1919) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)25193-9 · Cited by 12 · cited 1×
“The clinical presentation of Spanish flu included neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms, both acute and delayed; the H1N1 virus was arguably linked to the still mysterious encephalitis lethargica, which alone claimed 500,000 death in 1920s (Crookshank, 1919; Ravenholt and Foege, 1982).”
BackgroundDevelopment of residential care services facilitated for persons with dementia in Norway
Kirkevold, Ø., Eek, A., & Engedal, K. (2012) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03325351 · Cited by 11
Kriaučiūnaitė, K., Kaušylė, A., Pajarskienė, J., Tunaitis, V., Lim, D., Verkhratsky, A., & Pivoriūnas, A. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.009563 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSerum S100B protein as a marker of severity in Covid-19 patients
Aceti, A., Margarucci, L. M., Scaramucci, E., Orsini, M., Salerno, G., Sante, G. D., Gianfranceschi, G., Liddo, R. D., Valeriani, F., Ria, F., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-50341/v1 · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microglia states and nomenclature: A field at its crossroads
Paolicelli, R. C., Sierra, A., Stevens, B., Tremblay, M.-E., Aguzzi, A., Ajami, B., Amit, I., Audinat, E., Bechmann, I., Bennett, M., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.020 · Cited by 1,973
Self-citationAstrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies
Verkhratsky, A., Butt, A., Li, B., Illes, P., Zorec, R., Semyanov, A., Tang, Y., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01628-9 · Cited by 428
Self-citationPost-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Poletti, S., & Benedetti, F. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00931-3 · Cited by 248
“Accordingly, increased microglial activation in association with high levels of IL-6 and TNF-α have been observed in MDD episodes [82], whereas microglia activation has been implicated in both acute and chronic neurological complications of COVID-19 [83], and increased microglial activation has been demonstrated in po…”
BackgroundS1-Leitlinie Post-COVID/Long-COVID
Koczulla, A. R., Ankermann, T., Behrends, U., Berlit, P., Böing, S., Brinkmann, F., Franke, C., Glöckl, R., Gogoll, C., Hummel, T. R., et al. (2021) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-1551-9734 · Cited by 164
“[150] Tremblay ME, Madore C, Bordeleau M et al.”
BackgroundCould SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?
Theoharides, T. C. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0 · Cited by 156
“Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of neuroinflammation [71, 88, 89] that may damage brain blood vessels [90, 91], as well as brain cells [88, 92, 93], possibly via activation of microglia [94, 95] and mast cells [96].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tremblay, M.-E., Madore, C., Bordeleau, M., Tian, L., & Verkhratsky, A.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Université Laval (CA)
- Peking University (CN)
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-11-11
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 592214-592214
- ISSN
- 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7693550
- OpenAlex
- W3101561456
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Collections
- Funders
- European Commission
- Eesti Teadusagentuur (MOBTT77)
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Tier 2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, glial cells, astrocytes, microglia, neurotropism, ACE2 receptor, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, chemokines, interleukins, circumventricular organs, autoimmunity, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, neurological complications, psychiatric aspects, aging, comorbidities, pregnancy, fetus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
