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Cited by 490

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 130 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

TGF-β Signaling in Lung Health and Disease

Open access
Saito, Akira, Horie, Masafumi, Nagase, Takahide·2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic factor that regulates a myriad of biological processes including development, tissue regeneration, immune responses, and tumorigenesis. TGF-β is necessary for lung organogenesis and homeostasis as evidenced by genetically engineered mouse models. TGF-β is crucial for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung branching morphogenesis and alveolarization. Expression and activation of the three TGF-β ligand isoforms in the lungs are temporally and spatially regulated by multiple mechanisms. The lungs are structurally exposed to extrinsic stimuli and pathogens, and are susceptible to inflammation, allergic reactions, and carcinogenesis. Upregulation of TGF-β ligands is observed in major pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, and lung cancer. TGF-β regulates multiple cellular processes such as growth suppression of epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix organization. These effects are closely associated with tissue remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. TGF-β is also central to T cell homeostasis and is deeply involved in asthmatic airway inflammation. TGF-β is the most potent inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells and is pivotal to the development of tumor-promoting microenvironment in the lung cancer tissue. This review summarizes and integrates the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling relevant to lung health and disease.

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Metadata

Authors
Saito, A., Horie, M., & Nagase, T.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-08-20
Volume
19
Issue
8
Pages
2460
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2885411864
Cited by
490
References
130
FWCI
10.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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