The Relationship between DNA Methylation and Antidepressant Medications: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with high rates of suicide and medical comorbidities. Current antidepressant medications are suboptimal, as most MDD patients fail to achieve complete remission from symptoms. At present, clinicians are unable to predict which antidepressant is most effective for a particular patient, exposing patients to multiple medication trials and side effects. Since MDD’s etiology includes interactions between genes and environment, the epigenome is of interest for predictive utility and treatment monitoring. Epigenetic mechanisms of antidepressant medications are incompletely understood. Differences in epigenetic profiles may impact treatment response. A systematic literature search yielded 24 studies reporting the interaction between antidepressants and eight genes (BDNF, MAOA, SLC6A2, SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, IL6, IL11) and whole genome methylation. Methylation of certain sites within BDNF, SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, IL11, and the whole genome was predictive of antidepressant response. Comparing DNA methylation in patients during depressive episodes, during treatment, in remission, and after antidepressant cessation would help clarify the influence of antidepressant medications on DNA methylation. Individuals’ unique methylation profiles may be used clinically for personalization of antidepressant choice in the future.
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There is evidence that pre-treatment methylation profiles may predict likelihood of achieving remission.
“There is evidence that pre-treatment methylation profiles may predict likelihood of achieving remission7”
From Methylome-wide change associated with response to electroconvulsive therapy in depressed patients (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Webb, L. M., Phillips, K. E., Ho, M. C., Veldic, M., & Blacker, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-01-28
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 826
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7037192
- OpenAlex
- W3003378131
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- DNA methylation, antidepressant response, major depressive disorder, epigenetics, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamine oxidase A, serotonin transporter, 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT1B receptor, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, antidepressant treatment response prediction, gene-environment interaction
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Treatment Outcome, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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