Cited by 172Nutrition, Genetics, and DiseaseCircadian rhythm and melatoninGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids

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Garaulet, Marta, Lee, Yu-Chi, Shen, Jian, Parnell, Laurence D, Arnett, Donna K, Tsai, Michael Y, Lai, Chao-Qiang, Ordovas, Jose M·2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Abstract

Background Disruption of the circadian system may be causal for manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS).Objective The objective was to study the associations of 5 CLOCK polymorphisms with MetS features by analyzing fatty acid (FA) composition from dietary and red blood cell (RBC) membrane sources.Design Participants (n = 1100) in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study were included. Dietary intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements and genotypes were determined. Postprandial lipids and the FA composition of RBC membranes were analyzed.Results CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with obesity and individual components of MetS. For single nucleotide polymorphism rs4580704, minor allele carriers had a 46% lower risk of hypertension than did noncarriers. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of RBC membranes, particularly oleic acid, changed according to CLOCK genetic variants (P < 0.05). We identified significant gene-diet interactions associated with MetS at the CLOCK locus. By dichotomizing MUFA intake, we found different effects across rs4580704 genotypes for glucose (P = 0.020) and insulin resistance (P = 0.026). The protective effect of the minor allele on insulin sensitivity was only present when MUFA intake was >13.2% of energy. We also found different effects across CLOCK 3111T-->C genotypes for saturated fatty acid intake (% of energy) (P = 0.017). The deleterious effect of gene variants on waist circumference was only found with high saturated fatty acid intakes (>11.8%).Conclusions CLOCK polymorphisms interact with FAs to modulate MetS traits. The dietary source and membrane content of MUFAs are implicated in the relations between alterations in the circadian system and MetS.

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Crossref · 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27536

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  • The protective effect of the minor allele at rs4580704 on insulin sensitivity was only present when MUFA intake was above the median (>13.2% of energy in the GOLDN population).

    “However, when we investigated further the potential modulating effect of diet, we observed that the protective effect of the minor allele on insulin sensitivity was only present when MUFA intake was above the median (>13.2% of energy in this population).”
  • Significant associations were observed between CLOCK variants and markers of chronic inflammation, specifically IL-6.

    “Finally, we also observed significant associations with markers of chronic inflammation (i.e., IL-6).”
  • The MUFA content of red blood cell membranes, particularly oleic acid, was significantly different according to CLOCK genetic variants.

    “Another finding came from the analysis of the MUFA content of red blood cell membranes, particularly oleic acid, which was significantly different according to CLOCK genetic variants.”
  • In the GOLDN study, 3 of 5 selected CLOCK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4580704, rs1801260, and rs3749474) yielded statistically significant associations with BMI, blood pressure, glycemic traits, and markers of dietary intake.

    “We investigated 5 selected CLOCK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs 4864548, rs4580704, rs1464490, rs1801260, and rs3749474), of which 3 (rs4580704, rs1801260, and rs3749474) yielded statistically significant associations with BMI (in kg/m 2 ), blood pressure, glycemic traits, and markers of dietary intake (red blood cell membrane fatty acids).”
  • The detrimental effect of the minor allele at rs1801260 on waist circumference was only found with SFA intakes above the median (>11.8% of energy in GOLDN).

    “Conversely, the detrimental effect of the minor allele at the rs1801260 SNP on waist circumference was only found with SFA intakes above the median (>11.8% of energy in GOLDN).”

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  1. Garaulet M, Herna ´ndez-Morante JJ, de Heredia FP, Te ´bar FJ. Adipo- nectin, the controversial hormone. Public Health Nutr 2007;10:1145-50.

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Authors
Garaulet, M., Lee, Y.-C., Shen, J., Parnell, L. D., Arnett, D. K., Tsai, M. Y., Lai, C.-Q., & Ordovas, J. M.
Affiliations
Tufts University (US)
Corresponding author
Garaulet, Marta
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-12
Volume
90
Issue
6
Pages
1466-1475
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2119294761
Cited by
172
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
FWCI
6.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Seneca Foundation (02934/PI/05)
  • NIH (1R21AR055228-01A1, U01 HL72524, HL54776, DK075030)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
clock genes, circadian rhythm, metabolic syndrome, monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, red blood cell membrane fatty acids, dietary fatty acid intake, saturated fatty acids, insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, gene-diet interaction
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Erythrocyte Membrane, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Female, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Body Mass Index, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Metabolic Syndrome, CLOCK Proteins

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