Cited by 235Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueDietary Effects on Health

Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid metabolism in nocturnal and diurnal mammals

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Kumar Jha, Pawan, Challet, Etienne, Kalsbeek, Andries·2015·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Abstract

Most aspects of energy metabolism display clear variations during day and night. This daily rhythmicity of metabolic functions, including hormone release, is governed by a circadian system that consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) and many secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral organs. The SCN control peripheral timing via the autonomic and neuroendocrine system, as well as via behavioral outputs. The sleep-wake cycle, the feeding/fasting rhythm and most hormonal rhythms, including that of leptin, ghrelin and glucocorticoids, usually show an opposite phase (relative to the light-dark cycle) in diurnal and nocturnal species. By contrast, the SCN clock is most active at the same astronomical times in these two categories of mammals. Moreover, in both species, pineal melatonin is secreted only at night. In this review we describe the current knowledge on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by central and peripheral clock mechanisms. Most experimental knowledge comes from studies in nocturnal laboratory rodents. Nevertheless, we will also mention some relevant findings in diurnal mammals, including humans. It will become clear that as a consequence of the tight connections between the circadian clock system and energy metabolism, circadian clock impairments (e.g., mutations or knock-out of clock genes) and circadian clock misalignments (such as during shift work and chronic jet-lag) have an adverse effect on energy metabolism, that may trigger or enhancing obese and diabetic symptoms.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.024

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Authors
Kumar Jha, P., Challet, E., & Kalsbeek, A.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Kalsbeek, Andries
Venue
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-12
Volume
418
Pages
74-88
ISSN
0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2036157313
Cited by
235
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 5
FWCI
2.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
  • KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • “Neurotime” Erasmus Mundus program
  • University of Strasbourg
  • University of Amsterdam
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
Keywords
circadian rhythm, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, suprachiasmatic nucleus, clock genes, nocturnal mammals, diurnal mammals, melatonin, leptin, ghrelin, glucocorticoids, sleep-wake cycle, shift work, jet lag, obesity, diabetes mellitus
MeSH terms
Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Glucose, Humans, Hypothalamus, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Circadian Clocks

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