A saturated fatty acid–rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue of subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Background Changes in dietary fat composition could lower the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an interesting tissue in this respect because of its role in lipid metabolism and inflammation.Objective Our objective was to investigate the effect of a saturated fatty acid (SFA)- and a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and gene expression profiles of adipose tissue in subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome.Design A parallel controlled-feeding trial was conducted in 20 abdominally overweight subjects. Subjects received an SFA diet or a MUFA diet for 8 wk. Plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained, and insulin sensitivity was measured by using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue samples underwent whole-genome microarray and histologic analysis. Plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid composition and concentrations of serum cholesterol and plasma cytokine were determined.Results Consumption of the SFA diet resulted in increased expression of genes involved in inflammation processes in adipose tissue, without changes in morphology or insulin sensitivity. The MUFA diet led to a more antiinflammatory gene expression profile, which was accompanied by a decrease in serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations and an increase in plasma and adipose tissue oleic acid content.Conclusions Consumption of an SFA diet resulted in a proinflammatory "obesity-linked" gene expression profile, whereas consumption of a MUFA diet caused a more antiinflammatory profile. This suggests that replacement of dietary SFA with MUFA could prevent adipose tissue inflammation and may reduce the risk of inflammation-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00405197.
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The impact of fatty acids on metabolic health is dictated by their chemical characteristics, with unsaturated, medium- and short-chain fatty acids being beneficial compared to long-chain saturated fatty acids.
“especially considering that the impact of fatty acids on metabolic health is dictated by their chemical characteristics with unsaturated fatty acids, medium- and short-chain fatty acids being proven as beneficial to metabolic health, compared to long-chain saturated fatty acids (Roche, 2005; Holland et al., 2007; van Dijk et al., 2009;”
From Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet (2019) · cites this paper as van Dijk et al., 2009
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“Total adiponectin, μg/mL 7.0 [1.4] 7.4 [1.5] <0.001 Leptin, ng/mL 17.0 [1.8] 19.4 [2.0] <0.001 Soluble leptin receptor, ng/mL 24.8 [1.2] 25.0 [1.3] <0.001 Free leptin index3 0.7 [2.0] 0.8 [2.3] 0.001 Insulin, μU/mL 5.1 [1.6] 5.5 [1.7] 0.11 RBP-4, μg/mL 32.8 [1.2] 35.7 [1.2] <0.001 High-sensitivity CRP, mg/L 0.99 [2.55…”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, X., Ji, R., Cui, K., Chen, Q., Chen, Q., Fang, W. Y., Mai, K., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., & Ai, Q. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.055 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Schwinkendorf, D. R., Tsatsos, N. G., Gosnell, B. A., & Mashek, D. G. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.159 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Scoditti, E., Massaro, M., Carluccio, M. A., Pellegrino, M., Wabitsch, M., Calabriso, N., Storelli, C., & Caterina, R. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128218 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Additionally, the OA capacity to improve adiponectin expression in adipocytes may contribute to explaining the beneficial effects of OA-enriched diets on human adiponectin plasma levels [46,47], as well as on inflammation and insulin sensitivity [18,48,49].”
BackgroundFatty acid–gene interactions, adipokines and obesity
Stryjecki, C., & Mutch, D. M. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.277 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“MUFA m in IL-6 gene expression k in IL-6 gene expression van Dijk et al. (2009)”
BackgroundBouchard‐Mercier, A., Paradis, A.-M., Rudkowska, I., Lemieux, S., Couture, P., & Vohl, M. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-24 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“[20] have observed a more proinflammatory gene expression profile following a diet high in saturated fat compared to a diet high in monounsaturated fat.”
BackgroundHuman nutrigenomics of gene regulation by dietary fatty acids
Afman, L. A., & Müller, M. M. (2011) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2011.11.005 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“On average fatty acids induce effect sizes ranging froma fewpercent till 100%with individual outliers to 300% or 400% often for immune-related genes [39,45,67].”
BackgroundJoffe, Y. T., Collins, M., & Goedecke, J. H. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5051672 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Up-to date knowledge on the in vivo transcriptomic effect of the Mediterranean diet in humans
Konstantinidou, V., Covas, M., Solà, R., & Fitó, M. (2013) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201200613 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“A specific effect of the MUFA-rich diet, mainly in the form of refined OO, versus SFA-rich diets on gene expression has also been reported [42].”
Backgroundvan Dijk, S. J., Feskens, E. J. M., Bos, M. B., de Groot, C. P. G. M., de Vries, J. H. M., Müller, M. M., & Afman, L. A. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.155283 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“As described in (26), RNA yield and quality were determined and RNA (500 ng/sample) was labeled and hybridized to humanwhole-genomeGeneChip arrays encoding 17,699 genes, designed by the European Nutrigenomics Organization and manufactured by Affymetrix.”
MethodMazidi, M., Pennathur, S., & Afshinnia, F. (2017) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2017.11 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Nutrigenomics in human intervention studies: Current status, lessons learned and future perspectives
Wittwer, J., Rubio‐Aliaga, I., Hoeft, B., Bendik, I., Weber, P., & Daniel, H. (2011) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000512 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Kim, H.-S., Ren, G., Kim, T., Bhatnagar, S., Yang, Q., Bahk, Y. Y., & Kim, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70347-w · Cited by 66 · see citing works
de Oliveira, T. B., & Genovese, M. I. (2013) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.019 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Perez‐Cornago, A., Brennan, L., Ibero‐Baraibar, I., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., O’Gorman, A., Zulet, M. Á., & Martínez, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-013-0311-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“report elevated concentrations of serum total FAs, which may have an impact on the development of metabolic syndrome and related disorders [22, 50, 52].”
BackgroundSystems Epidemiology: A New Direction in Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research
Cornelis, M. C., & Hu, F. B. (2013) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-013-0052-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Numerous human intervention studies have used transcriptomics to characterize molecular response to dietary factors such as dietary fatty acids [27–31], carbohydrates [32], probiotics [33], folic acid [34], olive oil [27, 35], creatinemonohydrate [36], vitamin E and selenium [37], CoQ10 [38], soy isoflavones [39], and…”
BackgroundNutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic diseases
Botchlett, R. E., Woo, S., Liu, M., Pei, Y., Guo, X., Li, H., & Wu, C. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0580 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Holmer-Jensen, J., Karhu, T., Mortensen, L. S., Pedersen, S. B., Herzig, K., & Hermansen, K. (2011) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-115 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Thus, a positive correlation to postprandial inflammation has been demonstrated for total energy intake in healthy men [27,28] and a diet rich in saturated fat in overweight subjects [29].”
BackgroundBadoud, F., Lam, K. P., Perreault, M., Zulyniak, M. A., Britz‐McKibbin, P., & Mutch, D. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134613 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“As most of an individual’s day is spent in a postprandial state [2], studying a person’s response to a diet provides valuable insight into metabolic function.”
BackgroundJoung, H., Kim, B., Park, H., Lee, K., Kim, H., Sim, H.-C., Do, H.-J., Hyun, C., & Do, M. (2017) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2016.3860 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Maffeis, C., Morandi, A., Ventura, E. E., Sabbion, A., Contreas, G., Tomasselli, F., Tommasi, M., Fasan, I., Costantini, S., & Pinelli, L. (2011) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00781.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“In particular, an SFA-rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue (24).”
BackgroundKolehmainen, M., Ulven, S. M., Paananen, J., de Mello, V. D., Schwab, U., Carlberg, C., Myhrstad, M. C. W., Pihlajamäki, J., Dungner, E., Sjölin, E., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.092783 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Shaw, B., Lambert, S. A., Wong, M. H. T., Ralston, J. C., Stryjecki, C., & Mutch, D. M. (2013) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000345913 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hiller, B., Herdmann, A., & Nuernberg, K. (2011) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3571-z · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Role of different dietary saturated fatty acids for cardiometabolic risk
Iggman, D., & Risérus, U. (2011) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/clp.11.7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Komolka, K., Albrecht, E., Wimmers, K., Michal, J. J., & Maak, S. (2013) · Journal of Genomics · doi:10.7150/jgen.5260 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Most of the following investigations aimed at detecting transcriptome differences between individuals in a single fat depot as a consequence of different physiological states or different treatments [37-48].”
BackgroundInfluentialRegulation of immunometabolism in adipose tissue
Kumari, M., Heeren, J., & Scheja, L. (2017) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0668-3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
O’Grada, C. M., Morine, M. J., Morris, C., Ryan, M., Dillon, E., Walsh, M. C., Gibney, E. R., Brennan, L., Gibney, M. J., & Roche, H. M. (2013) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300182 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bargut, T. C. L., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Águila, M. B. (2015) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“PPARγ is downregulated in overweight subjects on a saturated-fatty-acid-enriched diet [46].”
BackgroundMeneses, M. E. P. D., Camargo, A., Pérez‐Martínez, P., Delgado‐Lista, J., Cruz‐Teno, C., Jiménez, Y., Paniagua, J. A., Gutierrez-Mariscal, F. M., Tinahones, F. J., Vidal‐Puig, A., et al. (2011) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100200 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“It has been shown that long-term dietary treatments modify the expression of inflammatory genes in adipose tissue in patients with MetS [10, 17], but there is no evidence that this beneficial effect can also affect the postprandial inflammatory activation typically observed in the adipose tissue of MetS patients.”
BackgroundPhillips, C. M., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Ahluwalia, N., McManus, R., Herçberg, S., Lairon, D., Planells, R., & Roche, H. M. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“However there was no difference in associated plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations including C3 concentrations between diets [36].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBaldissera, M. D., Souza, C. F., Zeppenfeld, C. C., Velho, M. C., Klein, B., Abbad, L. B., Ourique, A. F., Wagner, R. C., Silva, A. S. D., & Baldisserotto, B. (2019) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734635 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cho, H., Kwon, G. T., Park, H., Song, H., Lee, K., Kim, J.-I., & Park, J. H. Y. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042539 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Transcriptomics and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review
Herrera-Marcos, L. V., Lou-Bonafonte, J. M., Arnal, C., Navarro, M. Á., & Osada, J. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9050472 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The inclusion of refined olive oil to provide 20% of their intake as monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the 11% of the saturated diet led to a more anti-inflammatory gene expression profile [20].”
Backgroundvan der Velpen, V., Geelen, A., Hollman, P. C. H., Schouten, E. G., Veer, P. V. ’., & Afman, L. A. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.088484 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Nutritional Health Considerations for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury
Bigford, G. E., & Nash, M. S. (2017) · Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/sci2303-188 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Michielsen, C. C. J. R., Hangelbroek, R., Feskens, E. J. M., & Afman, L. A. (2019) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201801095 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Berg, J., Seyedsadjadi, N., & Grant, R. (2020) · International Journal of Tryptophan Research · doi:10.1177/1178646920981946 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kim, N., Lee, J. O., Lee, H. J., Kim, H. I., Kim, J. K., Lee, S. K., Lee, S. K., Kim, S. J., Park, S. H., & Kim, H. S. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.657379 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Some studies indicate that saturated FAs induce obesity and diabetes (19), whereas long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 FAs protect against these diseases.”
BackgroundGuerendiain, M., Montes, R., López‐Belmonte, G., Martín‐Matillas, M., Castellote, A. I., Martín-Bautista, E., Martí, A., Martínez, J. A., Moreno, L. A., Garagorri, J. M., et al. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Moustafa, J. S. E.-S., Eleftherohorinou, H., de Smith, A. J., Andersson‐Assarsson, J. C., Alves, A. C., Hadjigeorgiou, E., Walters, R. G., Asher, J. E., Bottolo, L., Buxton, J. L., et al. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds187 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Gene expression analysis from subcutaneous adipose tissue of moderately overweight individuals (n 1⁄4 20) at risk of metabolic syndrome subjected to a 2-week run-in saturated fat diet followed by a 8-week diet intervention was obtained from gene expression omnibus data set GDS3678 (32).”
MethodInfluentialCorella, D., & Ordovás, J. M. (2014) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201300180 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Hence, a high-SFA diet [59] increased the expression of genes involved in inflammation processes in adipose tissue, whereas a high-MUFA diet led to a more anti-inflammatory gene expression profile.”
BackgroundZhao, M., Zang, B., Cheng, M., Ma, Y., Yang, Y.-H., & Yang, N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078620 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“High-fat diets, especially high-fat diet enriched with saturated fatty acid exert more deleterious effect on insulin sensitivity and inflammation response [13,52,53].”
BackgroundHannon, B. A., Thompson, S. V., An, R., & Terán-Garcı́a, M. (2017) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000477216 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cicco, P. D., Maisto, M., Tenore, G. C., & Ianaro, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123663 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pros and cons of fatty acids in bone biology
Wauquier, F., Léotoing, L., Philippe, C., Spilmont, M., Coxam, V., & Wittrant, Y. (2015) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2015.03.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dietary Macronutrient and Energy Intake and Urinary Incontinence in Women
Maserejian, N. N., Giovannucci, E. L., McVary, K. T., McGrother, C. W., & McKinlay, J. B. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq065 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The possibility that an effect of total energy intake is stronger in leaner women is plausible, in that leaner women may have fewer competing causes of urinary incontinence than overweight women, whose urinary incontinence may be more likely to be related to intraabdominal pressure (13) or effects of the proinflammato…”
BackgroundLuque‐Sierra, A., Álvarez‐Amor, L., Kleemann, R., Martı́n, F., & Varela, L. M. (2018) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201800295 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ströher, D. J., de Oliveira, M. F., Oliveira, P. M., Pilar, B. C., Cattelan, M. D. P., Rodrigues, E., Bertolin, K., Gonçalves, P. B. D., Piccoli, J. D. C. E., & Manfredini, V. (2019) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2019.0172 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“A high SFA intake has been associated with proinflammatory response and gene regulation involved in inflammatory pathways, such as TNF-a, in adipose tissue.(59,60) In contrast, we observed a reduction in the amount of adiponectin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, with increasing adipocyte size when VCO was combined wit…”
BackgroundNeuhouser, M. L., Howard, B. V., Lu, J., Tinker, L. F., Horn, L. V., Caan, B. J., Rohan, T. E., Stefanick, M. L., & Thomson, C. A. (2012) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.04.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Polari, L., Yatkin, E., Martínez Chacón, M. G., Ahotupa, M., Smeds, A., Strauss, L., Zhang, F., Poutanen, M., Saarinen, N., & Mäkelä, S. I. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Colvin, B. N., Longtine, M. S., Chen, B., Costa, M. L., & Nelson, D. M. (2017) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-16-0576 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Nutritional Properties of Quinoa
Wu, G. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118628041.ch11 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vaittinen, M., Männistö, V., Käkelä, P., Ågren, J., Tiainen, M., Schwab, U., & Pihlajamäki, J. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21753 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“(13), who showed that an SFA-rich diet increased, and an MUFArich diet reduced, the expression of inflammatory genes in AT.”
BackgroundUrpí-Sardà, M., Casas, R. M., Sacanella, E., Corella, D., Andrés‐Lacueva, C., Llorach, R., Garrabou, G., Cardellach, F., Sala‐Vila, A., Ros, E., et al. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080862 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Other intervention studies with diets rich in SFA and MUFA have shown similar results with decreases in RANTES expression with these two diets [35].”
ResultA practical approach to the metabolic syndrome: review of current concepts and management
Tota-Maharaj, R., DeFilippis, A. P., Blumenthal, R. S., & Blaha, M. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e32833cd474 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective
Engin, A. B. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Alemany, M. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“, within physiological limits) produce functional and regulatory damages in the tissue [16,17].”
BackgroundThe Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors
Hernández‐Saavedra, D., & Stanford, K. I. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11102422 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“MUFAs play an important role in stress and inflammation [72–75], and the consumption of a MUFA-rich diet in overweight subjects reduces the pro-inflammatory profile and, thus, leads to risk reduction for metabolic diseases [76].”
BackgroundBiomarkers of Nutrient Bioactivity and Efficacy
Rubio‐Aliaga, I., Kochhar, S., & Silva‐Zolezzi, I. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182548df2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Individualized Weight Management: What Can Be Learned from Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics?
Rudkowska, I., & Përusse, L. (2012) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“A study by van Dijk et al.(18) demonstrated that consumption of an SFA-rich diet resulted in increased expression of genes involved in inflammation processes.”
BackgroundInfluentialÓvilo, C., Benítez, R., Fernández, A. I., Isabel, B., Núñez, Y., Fernández, A. I., Rodríguez, C., Daza, A., Silio, L. F., & López-Bote, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2013-6988 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…that characterize the Iberian pig breed used here support that animals fed the CH diet could be starting to develop some early signals of obesity, as gene expression changes in proinflammatory genes are observed before adipose tissue morphology is phenotypically affected (Van Dijk et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDordevic, A. L., Konstantopoulos, N., & Cameron‐Smith, D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099382 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Risk Complications among Koreans
Lee, S.-H., Tao, S., & Kim, H. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081755 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“To sum up, the prevalence of MetS was not significantly associated with the geographical location of participants, while the social and cultural facets of the respondents more affected the prevalence of MetS [9,27].”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- van Dijk, S. J., Feskens, E. J., Bos, M. B., Hoelen, D. W., Heijligenberg, R., Bromhaar, M. G., de Groot, L. C., de Vries, J. H., Müller, M., & Afman, L. A.
- Affiliations
- TiFN (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Afman, Lydia A
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1656-1664
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113492975
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 15.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (20060052)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fat composition, adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, gene expression profiles, oleic acid, LDL cholesterol, overweight, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Complement C3, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Chemokine CCL5, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Metabolic Syndrome, PPAR gamma, Adiponectin
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