Quantitative uniqueness of human brain evolution revealed through phylogenetic comparative analysis
Open accessAbstract
While the human brain is clearly large relative to body size, less is known about the timing of brain and brain component expansion within primates and the relative magnitude of volumetric increases. Using Bayesian phylogenetic comparative methods and data for both extant and fossil species, we identified that a distinct shift in brain-body scaling occurred as hominins diverged from other primates, and again as humans and Neanderthals diverged from other hominins. Within hominins, we detected a pattern of directional and accelerating evolution towards larger brains, consistent with a positive feedback process in the evolution of the human brain. Contrary to widespread assumptions, we found that the human neocortex is not exceptionally large relative to other brain structures. Instead, our analyses revealed a single increase in relative neocortex volume at the origin of haplorrhines, and an increase in relative cerebellar volume in apes.
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We find changes that might have affected the size of the cerebellum, possibly even since the split from Neanderthals.
“we find changes that might have affected the size of the cerebellum, a key contributor to our brain shape11,84, possibly even since the split from Neanderthals85”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
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A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins
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- Authors
- Miller, I. F., Barton, R. A., & Nunn, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Durham University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Ian F
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2019-01-31
- Volume
- 8
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6379089
- OpenAlex
- W2911811857
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 11.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS-1355902)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Keywords
- human brain evolution, cerebellar volume, apes, Neanderthals, primate brain size
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bayes Theorem, Brain, Humans, Models, Biological, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Primates
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