Cited by 489Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Natural History of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/ DSM-IV Major Depression: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up

Eaton, William W.·1997·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230023003

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Natural history can be characterized by incidence, recurrence, and duration of episodes. Research on the incidence of major depression is rare; studies of recurrence and duration are limited to clinical samples. METHODS: The Baltimore, Md, site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program followed up its 1981 baseline cohort of 3481 respondents with an additional assessment in 1993 to 1996. Interviews were obtained from 1920 respondents (73% of the survivors). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the same survey procedures as in 1981 were used, augmented with a Life Chart Interview for dating the onset and duration of syndromes. RESULTS: There were 71 new cases of Diagnostic interview Schedule/DSM-IV major depression and 23,698 person-years of exposure, generating an estimated incidence of 3.0 per 1000 per year. Incidence peaked while subjects were in their 30s, with a smaller peak when they were in their 50s. Prodromal symptoms often occurred many years before the full criteria for diagnosis were met. Women were at higher risk for becoming new cases but had neither higher risk for recurrence nor longer episodes than men. Episodes of depression lasted for 12 weeks. The duration of an episode, and time to an episode-free year, was longer in the first episode than in recurrent episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence estimated in this study is consistent with that found in the few other similar studies performed. The bimodality of onset suggests the value of further exploring the heterogeneity of depression via its natural history. Reported differences in prevalence between men and women seem to be due to differences in incidence, not chronicity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230023003

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Applied Regression Analysis
Draper, N. R., & Smith, H. (2005) · Technometrics · doi:10.1198/tech.2005.s303 · Cited by 17,993
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Its History, Characteristics, and Validity
Robins, L. N. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 · Cited by 5,219
Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II – The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies
Juul, S. (1989) · Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine · doi:10.1177/140349488901700214 · Cited by 3,602
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods.
Mayer, L. S., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Morgenstern, H. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288427 · Cited by 2,905
Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data.
Francis, B. J., & Lawless, J. F. (1983) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531129 · Cited by 2,774
Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey, I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence
Kessler, R. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g · Cited by 2,207
Conceptualization and Rationale for Consensus Definitions of Terms in Major Depressive Disorder: Remission, Recovery, Relapse, and Recurrence
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959
Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.8.999 · Cited by 1,848
Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III—R disorders in high school students.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., & Andrews, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.133 · Cited by 1,547

Show all 45 references

Sorted by citations

Rethinking rumination
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
Major depressive disorder
Otte, C., Gold, S. M., Penninx, B. W., Pariante, C. M., Etkin, A., Fava, M., Mohr, D. C., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.65 · Cited by 2,269
A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health Second Edition
Scheid, T. L., & Brown, T. N. (2009) · Cited by 1,320
Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Somers, J. M., Goldner, E. M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605100206 · Cited by 1,114
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): rationale, objectives and methods
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, J. H., Zitman, F. G., Nolen, W. A., Spinhoven, P., Cuijpers, P. J., de Jong, P. J., van Marwijk, H., Assendelft, W. J., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.256 · Cited by 930
Shift Work Sleep Disorder: Prevalence and Consequences Beyond that of Symptomatic Day Workers
Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T., Richardson, G., Walsh, J. K., & Roth, T. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.8.1453 · Cited by 860
Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations
Kuehner, C. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00204.x · Cited by 839
Risk for New Onset of Depression During the Menopausal Transition
Cohen, L. S., Soares, C. N., Vitonis, A. F., Otto, M. W., & Harlow, B. L. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.385 · Cited by 852
Prevalence and clinical course of depression: a review
Richards, D. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.004 · Cited by 623
A Comprehensive Nationwide Study of the Incidence Rate and Lifetime Risk for Treated Mental Disorders
Pedersen, C. B., Mors, O. N., Bertelsen, A., Waltoft, B. L., Agerbo, E., McGrath, J. J., Mortensen, P. B., & Eaton, W. W. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.16 · Cited by 630
Self-citation
Population-based study of first onset and chronicity in major depressive disorder
Eaton, W. W., Shao, H., Nestadt, G., Lee, B. H., Bienvenu, O. J., & Zandi, P. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.513 · Cited by 612
Self-citation
Depression and anxiety in heart failure: a review.
Celano, C. M., Villegas, A. C., Albanese, A. M., Gaggin, H. K., & Huffman, J. C. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000162 · Cited by 610
Effects of paternal depression on fathers' parenting behaviors: a meta-analytic review
Wilson, S., & Durbin, C. E. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.007 · Cited by 603
Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Saha, T. D., Smith, S. M., Pulay, A. J., Pickering, R. P., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.41 · Cited by 571
Gender and Mental Health
Rosenfield, S., & Mouzon, D. M. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_14 · Cited by 592
Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M., & Hsu, L. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900208 · Cited by 522
Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
Spijker, J., De Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., Beekman, A. T. F., Ormel, J., & Nolen, W. A. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.181.3.208 · Cited by 514
The relations among depression in fathers, children's psychopathology, and father–child conflict: a meta-analysis
Kane, P., & Garber, J. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.03.004 · Cited by 498
Gender differences in chronic major and double depression
Kornstein, S. G., Schatzberg, A. F., Thase, M. E., Yonkers, K. A., McCullough, J. P., Keitner, G. I., Gelenberg, A. J., Ryan, C. E., Hess, A., Harrison, W. M., et al. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00158-5 · Cited by 498
Prevalence and predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder in the adult population
Hardeveld, F., Spijker, J., De Graaf, R., Nolen, W. A., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01519.x · Cited by 486
Depression in the Primary Care Setting
Park, L. T., & Zarate, C. A. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1712493 · Cited by 504
The Clinical Course of Unipolar Major Depressive Disorders
Judd, L. L. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230015002 · Cited by 460
Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample
Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., Riddle, M. A., Liang, K.-Y., Eaton, W. W., & Nestadt, G. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.004 · Cited by 452
Self-citation
Maternal Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Spontaneous Preterm Births among African-American Women in Baltimore, Maryland
Orr, S. T. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf131 · Cited by 454
Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression
Gilman, S. E., Kawachi, I. I., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Buka, S. L. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.2.359 · Cited by 454
Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample
SAMUELS, J. F., Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., Brown, C. H., Costa, P. T., & Nestadt, G. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.6.536 · Cited by 436
Self-citation
Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Crum, R. M., Bienvenu, O. J., & Costa, P. T. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-22 · Cited by 424
A systematic review of manic and depressive prodromes
Jackson, A., Cavanagh, J., & Scott, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00266-5 · Cited by 401
Psychiatric Impact of Gender-Related Abuse Across the Life Course of Male-to-Female Transgender Persons
Nuttbrock, L. A., Hwahng, S., Bockting, W. O., Rosenblum, A., Mason, M., Macri, M., & Becker, J. (2010) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490903062258 · Cited by 398
Historical perspectives and natural history of bipolar disorder
Angst, J., & Sellaro, R. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00909-4 · Cited by 399
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Rates of Depression Among Preretirement Adults
Dunlop, D. D., Song, J., Lyons, J. S., Manheim, L. M., & Chang, R. W. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.11.1945 · Cited by 401
Psychosocial work environment and depression: epidemiologic assessment of the demand-control model
Mausner-Dorsch, H., & Eaton, W. W. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1765 · Cited by 398
Self-citation
Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Psychiatric Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Sokero, T. P., Melartin, T. K., Rytsälä, H. J., Leskelä, U. S., Lestelä-Mielonen, P. S., & Isometsä, E. T. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0916 · Cited by 381
Prevalence and burden of bipolar disorders in European countries
Pini, S., de Queiroz, V., Pagnin, D., Pezawas, L., Angst, J., Cassano, G. B., & Wïttchen, H. (2005) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.011 · Cited by 375
Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder
Ellison, W. D., Rosenstein, L. K., Morgan, T. A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008 · Cited by 375
A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders
Shih, R. A., Belmonte, P. L., & Zandi, P. P. (2004) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260400014401 · Cited by 365
A Comparison of Self-report and Clinical Diagnostic Interviews for Depression: Diagnostic Interview Schedule and Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up
Eaton, W. W., Neufeld, K., Chen, L.-S., & Cai, G. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.217 · Cited by 339
Self-citation
The epidemiological modelling of major depressive disorder: application for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Patten, S. B., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069637 · Cited by 330
“For duration, we found 4 studies from USA [45–48] and 1 study from the Netherlands [49] reporting a median duration of between 6 to 12 weeks.”
BackgroundResult
Gender differences in the developmental course of depression
Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., & Sasagawa, S. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.05.016 · Cited by 346
Social Network Characteristics and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Holtzman, R. E., Rebok, G. W., Saczynski, J. S., Kouzis, A. C., Doyle, K. W., & Eaton, W. W. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/59.6.p278 · Cited by 318
Self-citation
Depression during Pregnancy: Overview of Clinical Factors
Bennett, H. A., Einarson, A., Taddio, A., Koren, G., & Einarson, T. R. (2004) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.2165/00044011-200424030-00004 · Cited by 317
A Collaborative Study of the Emergence and Clinical Features of the Major Depressive Syndrome of Alzheimer’s Disease
Zubenko, G. S., Zubenko, W. N., McPherson, S. E., Cannon-Spoor, E., Marin, D. B., Farlow, M. R., Smith, G. E., Geda, Y. E., Cummings, J. L., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.857 · Cited by 313
Labeling and Stigma
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_25 · Cited by 314
Social class, assets, organizational control and the prevalence of common groups of psychiatric disorders
Muntaner, C., Eaton, W. W., Diala, C. C., Kessler, R. C., & Sorlie, P. D. (1998) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00309-8 · Cited by 303
Self-citation
Effects of social development intervention in childhood 15 years later
Hawkins, J. D., Kosterman, R., Catalano, R. F., Hill, K. G., & Abbott, R. D. (2008) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.12.1133 · Cited by 296
Depression's Vicious Scree: Self-Propagating and Erosive Processes in Depression Chronicity
Joiner, T. E. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.2.203 · Cited by 301
Personality and career success: Concurrent and longitudinal relations
Sutin, A. R., Costa, P. T., Miech, R. A., & Eaton, W. W. (2009) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.704 · Cited by 283
Self-citation
Transcranial direct current stimulation for major depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Shiozawa, P., Fregni, F., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., Berlim, M. T., Daskalakis, J. Z., Cordeiro, Q., & Brunoni, A. R. (2014) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145714000418 · Cited by 282
Racial differences in attitudes toward professional mental health care and in the use of services.
Diala, C. C., Muntaner, C., Walrath, C., Nickerson, K. J., LaVeist, T. A., & Leaf, P. J. (2000) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0087736 · Cited by 282
Gender differences in major depressive disorder: results from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety
Schuch, J. J. J., Roest, A. M., Nolen, W. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & de Jonge, P. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.011 · Cited by 280
Mental Disorders Among U.S. Military Personnel in the 1990s: Association With High Levels of Health Care Utilization and Early Military Attrition
Hoge, C. W., Lesikar, S. E., Guevara, R. E., Lange, J., Brundage, J. F., Engel, C. C., Messer, S. C., & Orman, D. T. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1576 · Cited by 273
Preventing relapse/recurrence in recurrent depression with cognitive therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Bockting, C. L. H., DELTA Study Group, Schene, A. H., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Huyser, J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.4.647 · Cited by 249
The Epidemiology of Common Late-Life Mental Disorders in the Community: Themes for the New Century
Gallo, J. J., & Lebowitz, B. D. (1999) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.50.9.1158 · Cited by 248
Family Disruption in Childhood and Risk of Adult Depression
Gilman, S. E., Kawachi, I. I., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Buka, S. L. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.939 · Cited by 233
Detecting Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Depression: A Meta-analysis of Multivariate Pattern Recognition Studies
Kambeitz, J. P., Cabral, C., Sacchet, M. D., Gotlib, I. H., Zahn, R., Serpa, M. H., Walter, M., Falkai, P., & Koutsouleris, N. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.10.028 · Cited by 241
Lifetime prevalence estimates of major depression: An indirect estimation method and a quantification of recall bias
Kruijshaar, M. E., Barendregt, J. J., Vos, T., de Graaf, R., Spijker, J., & Andrews, G. (2005) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-004-1009-0 · Cited by 216
Hopelessness, depression, substance disorder, and suicidality
Kuo, W.-H., Gallo, J. J., & Eaton, W. H. (2004) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0775-z · Cited by 214
Self-citation
The Burden of Major Depression Avoidable by Longer-term Treatment Strategies
Vos, T., Haby, M. M., Barendregt, J. J., Kruijshaar, M., Corry, J., & Andrews, G. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1097 · Cited by 213
The epidemiology of blood-injection-injury phobia
BIENVENU, O. J., & EATON, W. W. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007144 · Cited by 212
Self-citation
Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, and Risk of Stroke
Larson, S. L., Owens, P. L., Ford, D. E., & Eaton, W. W. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/hs0901.094623 · Cited by 208
Self-citation
Specific phobias
Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Miloyan, B. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30169-x · Cited by 203
Self-citation
Mental Health Service Utilization by African Americans and Whites
Cooper, L. A., Gallo, J. J., Powe, N. R., Steinwachs, D. M., Eaton, W. W., & Ford, D. E. (1999) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199910000-00007 · Cited by 200
Self-citation
Cognitive Decline in Adulthood: An 11.5-Year Follow-Up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study
Lyketsos, C. G., Chen, L.-S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.1.58 · Cited by 199
Depression and Mania in Bipolar Disorder
Tondo, L., Vázquez, G. H., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160606210811 · Cited by 193
Predictors of first incidence of DSM‐III‐R psychiatric disorders in the general population: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study
de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., Ravelli, A., Smit, F., & Vollebergh, W. (2002) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01397.x · Cited by 192
Self‐reported extremely adverse life events and longitudinal changes in five‐factor model personality traits in an urban sample
Löckenhoff, C. E., Terracciano, A., Patriciu, N. S., Eaton, W. W., & Costa, P. T. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20385 · Cited by 191
Self-citation
Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review
de Zwart, P. L., Jeronimus, B. F., & de Jonge, P. (2019) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796018000227 · Cited by 189
Socioeconomic Status and Depressive Syndrome: The Role of Inter- and Intra-Generational Mobility, Government Assistance, and Work Environment
Eaton, W. W., Muntaner, C., BOVASSO, G. B., & Smith, C. (2001) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090215 · Cited by 188
Self-citation
Paroxetine for the treatment of depression: a critical update
Gibiino, S., & Serretti, A. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.652085 · Cited by 180
Evidence for clinical progression of unipolar and bipolar disorders
Kessing, L. V., & Andersen, P. K. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12667 · Cited by 179
Recurrence of major depressive disorder and its predictors in the general population: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
Hardeveld, F., Spijker, J., De Graaf, R., Nolen, W. A., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002395 · Cited by 176
Phobic, Panic, and Major Depressive Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Bienvenu, O. J., Nestadt, G., SAMUELS, J. F., Costa, P. T., HOWARD, W. T., & Eaton, W. W. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200103000-00003 · Cited by 176
Self-citation
Anxiety disorders and risk for suicide attempts: findings from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment area follow-up study
Bolton, J. M., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Sareen, J. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20314 · Cited by 174
Evaluating the seven-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short-form: a longitudinal US community study
Levine, S. Z. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0650-2 · Cited by 173
First Onset of Depressive or Anxiety Disorders Predicted by the Longitudinal Course of Internalizing Symptoms and Parent-Adolescent Disagreements
Rueter, M. A., Scaramella, L., Wallace, L. E., & Conger, R. D. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726 · Cited by 173
Mental Disorders and the Incidence of Migraine Headaches in a Community Sample
Swartz, K., Pratt, L. A., Armenian, H. K., Lee, L.-C., & Eaton, W. W. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.945 · Cited by 172
Self-citation
Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases
Mishra, S. K., Togneri, E., Tripathi, B., & Trikamji, B. (2015) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0100-z · Cited by 172
The replicability and utility of three personality types
Costa, P. T., Herbst, J. H., McCrae, R. R., SAMUELS, J. F., & Ozer, D. J. (2002) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.448 · Cited by 163
Normal personality traits and comorbidity among phobic, panic and major depressive disorders
Bienvenu, O. J., Brown, C., Samuels, J. F., Liang, K.-Y., Costa, P. T., Eaton, W. W., & Nestadt, G. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00228-1 · Cited by 162
Self-citation
The Driving Habits of Adults Aged 60 Years and Older
Gallo, J. J., Rebok, G. W., & Lesikar, S. E. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb02998.x · Cited by 155
Risk of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders in Social Phobia: A Prospective Analysis
Crum, R. M., & Pratt, L. A. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1693 · Cited by 153
Neighborhood characteristics and change in depressive symptoms among older residents of New York City.
Beard, J., Cerdá, M., Blaney, S., Ahern, J., Vlahov, D., & Galea, S. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.125104 · Cited by 148
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Comorbidities in a Diverse, Multicity Cohort of Young Transgender Women: Baseline Findings From Project LifeSkills
Reisner, S. L., Biello, K. B., White Hughto, J. M., Kuhns, L., Mayer, K. H., Garofalo, R., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2016) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0067 · Cited by 149
Epidemiologic evidence on the comorbidity of depression and diabetes
Eaton, W. W. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00302-1 · Cited by 150
Self-citation
Understanding the heterogeneity of depression through the triad of symptoms, course and risk factors: a longitudinal, population-based study
Chen, L.-S., Eaton, W. W., Gallo, J. J., & Nestadt, G. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00132-9 · Cited by 149
Self-citation
Insomnia and incident depression: role of objective sleep duration and natural history
Fernandez‐Mendoza, J., Shea, S., Vgontzas, A. N., Calhoun, S. L., Liao, D., & Bixler, E. O. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12285 · Cited by 148
The prospective long-term course of adult depression in general practice and the community. A systematic literature review
Steinert, C., Hofmann, M., Kruse, J., & Leichsenring, F. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.017 · Cited by 156
Gender differences in depression and response to antidepressant treatment
Sloan, D. M. E., & Kornstein, S. G. (2003) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00044-3 · Cited by 150
Prevalence and incidence of depressive disorder: the Baltimore ECA follow-up, 1981–2004
Eaton, W. W., Kalaydjian, A., Scharfstein, D. O., Mezuk, B., & Ding, Y. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01017.x · Cited by 146
Self-citation
Influence of social network characteristics on cognition and functional status with aging
Green, A. F., Rebok, G., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2023 · Cited by 139
Early intervention for depression in young people: a blind spot in mental health care
Davey, C. G., & McGorry, P. D. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30292-x · Cited by 137
Lifetime Risk Factors for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons
Nuttbrock, L. A., Hwahng, S., Bockting, W. O., Rosenblum, A., Mason, M., Macri, M., & Becker, J. (2009) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181ab6ed8 · Cited by 138
Paternal Mental Health: Why Is It Relevant?
Fisher, S. D. (2016) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827616629895 · Cited by 146
Depression and osteoporosis: epidemiology and potential mediating pathways
Mezuk, B., Eaton, W. W., & Golden, S. H. (2008) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0449-2 · Cited by 134
Self-citation
When does depression become a disorder? using recurrence rates to evaluate the validity of proposed changes in major depression diagnostic thresholds.
Wakefield, J. C., & Schmitz, M. F. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20015 · Cited by 133
Minor depression as a predictor of the first onset of major depressive disorder over a 15‐year follow‐up
Fogel, J., Eaton, W. W., & Ford, D. E. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00654.x · Cited by 137
Self-citation
Arthritis and Heart Disease as Risk Factors for Major Depression
Dunlop, D. D., Lyons, J. S., Manheim, L. M., Song, J., & Chang, R. W. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000127997.51128.81 · Cited by 132
The impact of neighborhood quality, perceived stress, and social support on depressive symptoms during pregnancy in African American women
Giurgescu, C., Misra, D. P., Sealy-Jefferson, S. M., Caldwell, C. H., Templin, T., Slaughter‐Acey, J., & Osypuk, T. L. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.02.006 · Cited by 139
Gender Abuse and Major Depression Among Transgender Women: A Prospective Study of Vulnerability and Resilience
Nuttbrock, L. A., Bockting, W. O., Rosenblum, A., Hwahng, S., Mason, M., Macri, M., & Becker, J. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301545 · Cited by 138
Incident hypertension associated with depression in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment area follow-up study
Meyer, C. M., Armenian, H. K., Eaton, W. W., & Ford, D. E. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.06.004 · Cited by 127
Self-citation

Authors: Eaton, W. W.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Eaton, William W.
ORCID: Eaton, William W.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1997-11-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 11
Pages: 993
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230023003
OpenAlex: W2026384865
Semantic Scholar: 0bf9197f675aff2aef88a6252cab9f7f4a8b7610
Cited by: 489
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 29.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH047447, MH 47447)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: major depressive disorder, incidence, recurrence, episode duration, prodromal symptoms, sex differences, depression onset
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Catchment Area, Health, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Recurrence, Sex Factors, Baltimore, Incidence, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Age of Onset, Age Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Natural History of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/ DSM-IV Major Depression: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks