The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
MicroRNAs are universal regulators of differentiation, activation, and polarization of microglia and macrophages in normal and diseased CNS
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (∼22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post‐translational level. It is estimated that 30–90% of human genes are regulated by miRNAs, which makes these molecules of great importance for cell growth, activation, and differentiation. Microglia is CNS‐resident cells of a myeloid lineage that play an important role in immune surveillance and are actively involved in many neurologic pathologies. Although the exact origin of microglia remains enigmatic, it is established that primitive macrophages from a yolk sac populate the brain and spinal cord in normal conditions throughout development. During various pathological events such as neuroinflammation, bone marrow derived myeloid cells also migrate into the CNS. Within the CNS, both primitive macrophages from the yolk sac and bone marrow derived myeloid cells acquire a specific phenotype upon interaction with other cell types within the CNS microenvironment. The factors that drive differentiation of progenitors into microglia and control the state of activation of microglia and bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells within the CNS are not well understood. In this review we will summarize the role of miRNAs during activation and differentiation of myeloid cells. The role of miR‐124 in the adaptation of microglia and macrophages to the CNS microenvironment will be further discussed. We will also summarize the role of miRNAs as modulators of activation of microglia and microphages. Finally, we will describe the role of miR‐155 and miR‐124 in the polarization of macrophages towards classically and alternatively activated phenotypes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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In the citing paper
“As previously reported, cell-cell contacts in the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis were involved in the transfer of miR-124 [16]”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The upregulation of miR-124 in microglia may be due to direct transfer of miR-124 from neurons to microglia via exosomal vesicles, direct cell-to-cell contacts between microglia and neurons, and production of anti-inflammatory factors, including TGF-β and CX3CL1 by neurons (Zhou et al. 2012; Ponomarev et al. 2013).”
From MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2025) · cites this paper as Ponomarev et al. 2013
In the citing paper
“Recent studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in the delivery of miR-124 [16, 21, 22].”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“It has been reported that miR-124 participates in regulating microglial activation [14–16].”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“It has been reported that in addition to CX3CL1/CX3CR1, cell-cell contact CD200/CD200R was also thought to be involved in the activation of microglia and the delivery of exosomal miR-124 [16, 60].”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“One study reveals that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis facilitates exosome transport of miR-124 from neurons to microglia [16].”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“C/EBP-α was widely expressed and upregulated upon microglial activation [16]”
From CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis attenuates early brain injury via promoting the delivery of exosomal microRNA-124 from neuron to microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ponomarev, E. D., Veremeyko, T., & Weiner, H. L.
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-05-31
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-103
- ISSN
- 0894-1491
- 1098-1136
- PMC
- PMC3434289
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 14
- Language
- en
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