Mechanisms of action of probiotics: Recent advances

Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis

Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 · Cited by 4,251 · see citing works

Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria

Rescigno, M., Urbano, M., Valzasina, B., Francolini, M., Rotta, G., Bonasio, R., Granucci, F., Kraehenbuhl, J.-P., & Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/86373 · Cited by 2,554 · see citing works

A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease

Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L., & Kasper, D. L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07008 · Cited by 2,340 · see citing works

Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn’s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach

Manichanh, C., Rigottier-Gois, L., Bonnaud, E., Gloux, K., Pelletier, E., Frangeul, L., Nalin, R., Jarrin, C., Chardon, P., Marteau, P., et al. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.073817 · Cited by 2,277 · see citing works

Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria

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Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Venturi, A., Brigidi, P., Matteuzzi, D., Bazzocchi, G., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M., & Campieri, M. (2000) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2000.9370 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works

Resident Enteric Bacteria Are Necessary for Development of Spontaneous Colitis and Immune System Activation in Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice

Sellon, R. K., Tonkonogy, S., Schultz, M., Dieleman, L. A., Grenther, W., Balish, E., Rennick, D. M., & Sartor, R. B. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.11.5224-5231.1998 · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works

Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease

Swidsinski, A. V., Ladhoff, A., Pernthaler, A., Swidsinski, S., Loening-Baucke, V. A., Ortner, M., Weber, J., Hoffmann, U., Schreiber, S., Dietel, M., et al. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.30294 · Cited by 1,344 · see citing works

Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen

Akbari, O., DeKruyff, R. H., & Umetsu, D. T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/90667 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works

Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Helwig, U., Venturi, A., Lammers, K. M., Brigidi, P., Vitali, B., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M., & Campieri, M. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00171-9 · Cited by 1,147 · see citing works

Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial

Rembacken, B., Snelling, A. M., Hawkey, P. M., Chalmers, D. M., & Axon, A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)06343-0 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works

Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function

Madsen, K., Cornish, A. S., Soper, P., McKaigney, C. J., Jijon, H. B., Yachimec, C., Doyle, J. S. G., Jewell, L. D., & Simone, C. D. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.27224 · Cited by 1,096 · see citing works

Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-γ and RelA

Kelly, D., Campbell, J. I., King, T. P., Grant, G., Jansson, E. Å., Coutts, A., Pettersson, S., & Conway, S. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1018 · Cited by 997 · see citing works

Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis

Mimura, T., Rizzello, F., Helwig, U., Poggioli, G., Schreiber, S., Talbot, I. C., Nicholls, R. J., Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M., & Kamm, M. A. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.53.1.108 · Cited by 912 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis

Rachmilewitz, D., Katakura, K., Karmeli, F., Hayashi, T., Reinus, C., Rudensky, B., Akira, S., Takeda, K., Lee, J., Takabayashi, K., et al. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.019 · Cited by 859 · see citing works

Prokaryotic Regulation of Epithelial Responses by Inhibition of IκB-α Ubiquitination

Neish, A. S., Gewirtz, A. T., Zeng, H., Young, A. N., Hobert, M. E., Karmali, V., Rao, A. S., & Madara, J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5484.1560 · Cited by 843 · see citing works

Double‐blind comparison of an oral Escherichia coli preparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis

Kruis, W., SCHÜTZ, E., Fric, P., Fixa, B., Judmaier, G., & Stolte, M. (1997) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00225.x · Cited by 774 · see citing works

Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10–producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3–grabbing nonintegrin

Smits, H. H., Engering, A. J., van der Kleij, D., de Jong, E. C., Schipper, K., van Capel, T. M. M., Zaat, B. A. J., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Wierenga, E. A., & van Kooyk, Y. (2005) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.03.036 · Cited by 765 · see citing works

Increased Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Their Relatives

Hollander, D., Vadheim, C. M., Brettholz, E., Petersen, G. M., Delahunty, T., & Rotter, J. I. (1986) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-883 · Cited by 762 · see citing works

Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene–deficient mice

Madsen, K. L., Doyle, J. S. G., Jewell, L. D., Tavernini, M. M., & Fedorak, R. N. (1999) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70013-2 · Cited by 761 · see citing works

Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease

Tamboli, C. P., Neut, C., Desreumaux, P., & Colombel, J. F. (2004) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.53.1.1 · Cited by 743 · see citing works

Saccharomyces boulardii in Maintenance Treatment of Crohn’s Disease

Guslandi, M., Mezzi, G., Sorghi, M., & Testoni, P. A. (2000) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1005588911207 · Cited by 722 · see citing works

Enhancement of the Circulating Antibody Secreting Cell Response in Human Diarrhea by a Human Lactobacillus Strain

Kaila, M., Isolauri, E., Soppi, E. T., Virtanen, E., Laine, S., & Arvilommi, H. S. (1992) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199208000-00002 · Cited by 700 · see citing works

Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with enteroinvasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EIEC)

Resta-Lenert, S., & Barrett, K. E. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.7.988 · Cited by 642 · see citing works

Freshly Isolated Peyer's Patch, but Not Spleen, Dendritic Cells Produce Interleukin 10 and Induce the Differentiation of T Helper Type 2 Cells

Iwasaki, A., & Kelsall, B. L. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.190.2.229 · Cited by 636 · see citing works

TGF-β1 Plays an Important Role in the Mechanism of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Activity in Both Humans and Mice

Nakamura, K., Kitani, A., Fuss, I. J., Pedersen, A., Harada, N., Nawata, H., & Strober, W. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.834 · Cited by 630 · see citing works

Intestinal permeability and the prediction of relapse in Crohn's disease

Wyatt, J., Vogelsang, H., Hübl, W., Waldhoer, T., & Lochs, H. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90882-h · Cited by 626 · see citing works

Altered tight junction structure contributes to the impaired epithelial barrier function in ulcerative colitis

Schmitz*, H., Barmeyer, C., Fromm, M., Runkel§, N., Foss, H., Bentzel, C. J., Riecken, E., & Schulzke, J.-D. (1999) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70126-5 · Cited by 607 · see citing works

Probiotic Bacterium Prevents Cytokine-induced Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells*

Yan, F., & Polk, D. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207050200 · Cited by 599 · see citing works

Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis

Venturi, Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Johansson, Zucconi, Brigidi, P., Matteuzzi, & Campieri, M. (1999) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00560.x · Cited by 567 · see citing works

Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG

Prantera, C. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.51.3.405 · Cited by 566 · see citing works

Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria

Hart, A. L., Lammers, K., Brigidi, P., Vitali, B., Rizzello, F., Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M., Kamm, M. A., Knight, S. C., & Stagg, A. J. (2004) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2003.037325 · Cited by 555 · see citing works

Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coliadherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression.

Mack, D., Michail, S., Wei, S., McDougall, L., & Hollingsworth, M. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.4.g941 · Cited by 544 · see citing works

Probiotics Ameliorate Recurrent Th1-Mediated Murine Colitis by Inducing IL-10 and IL-10-Dependent TGF-β-Bearing Regulatory Cells

Giacinto, C. D., Marinaro, M., Sanchez, M., Strober, W., & Boirivant, M. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3237 · Cited by 522 · see citing works

NF-κB- and AP-1-Mediated Induction of Human Beta Defensin-2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells byEscherichia coliNissle 1917: a Novel Effect of a Probiotic Bacterium

Wehkamp, J., Harder, J., Wehkamp, K., Meissner, B. W.-V., Schlee, M., Enders, C., Sonnenborn, U., Nuding, S., Bengmark, S., Fellermann, K., et al. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.10.5750-5758.2004 · Cited by 471 · see citing works

Lactobacilli activate human dendritic cells that skew T cells toward T helper 1 polarization

Mohamadzadeh, M., Olson, S. D., Kalina, W. V., Ruthel, G. T., Demmin, G. L., Warfield, K. L., Bavari, S., & Klaenhammer, T. R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0500098102 · Cited by 465 · see citing works

Double blind, placebo controlled trial of two probiotic strains in interleukin 10 knockout mice and mechanistic link with cytokine balance

McCarthy, J., O’Mahony, L., O’Callaghan, L., Sheil, B., Vaughan, E. E., Fitzsimons, N., Fitzgibbon, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., et al. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.7.975 · Cited by 462 · see citing works

Molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 involve ZO-2 and PKC? redistribution resulting in tight junction and epithelial barrier repair

Zyrek, A. A., Cichon, C., Helms, S., Enders, C., Sonnenborn, U., & Schmidt, M. A. (2006) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00836.x · Cited by 427 · see citing works

Genomic and Metabolic Studies of the Impact of Probiotics on a Model Gut Symbiont and Host

Sonnenburg, J. L., Chen, C. T. L., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040413 · Cited by 423 · see citing works

Probiotic modulation of symbiotic gut microbial–host metabolic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model

Martin, F. J., Wang, Y., Sprenger, N., Yap, I. K. S., Lundstedt, T., Lek, P., Rezzi, S., Ramadan, Z., van Bladeren, P., Fay, L. B., et al. (2008) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb4100190 · Cited by 421 · see citing works

Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial

Marteau, P. R., Lémann, M., Seksik, P., Laharie, D., Colombel, J. F., Bouhnik, Y., Cadiot, G., Soulé, J. C., Bourreille, A., Metman, E.-H., et al. (2005) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2005.076604 · Cited by 412 · see citing works

Functional modulation of enterocytes by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms

Otte, J., & Podolsky, D. K. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00341.2003 · Cited by 403 · see citing works

Crohn's Disease and Escherichia coli

Malchow, H. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199712000-00021 · Cited by 402 · see citing works

Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis

Rachmilewitz, D., Karmeli, F., Takabayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Leider–Trejo, L., Lee, J., Leoni, L. M., & Raz, E. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.32994 · Cited by 380 · see citing works

Improved immunogenicity of oral D x RRV reassortant rotavirus vaccine by Lactobacillus casei GG

Isolauri, E., Joensuu, J., Suomalainen, H., Luomala, M., & Vesikari, T. (1995) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/0264-410x(95)93319-5 · Cited by 370 · see citing works

Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Bifidobacteria-Fermented Milk on Ulcerative Colitis

Ishikawa, H., Akedo, I., Umesaki, Y., Tanaka, R., Imaoka, A., & Otani, T. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2003.10719276 · Cited by 369 · see citing works

Lactobacilli and Streptococci Induce Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and Gamma Interferon Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Miettinen, M., Matikainen, S., Vuopio‐Varkila, J., Pirhonen, J., Varkila, K., Kurimoto, M., & Julkunen, I. (1998) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.66.12.6058-6062.1998 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Probiotics inhibit nuclear factor-κB and induce heat shock proteins in colonic epithelial cells through proteasome inhibition

Petrof, E. O., Kojima, K., Ropeleski, M. J., Musch, M. W., Tao, Y., Simone, C. D., & Chang, E. B. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.001 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

Increased mucosal tumour necrosis factor α production in Crohn’s disease can be downregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria

Borruel, N., Carol, M., Casellas, F., Antolı́n, M., de Lara, F., Espín, E., Naval, J., Guarner, F., & Malagelada, J. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.51.5.659 · Cited by 326 · see citing works

DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function

Jijon, H. B., Backer, J., Díaz, H., Yeung, H. P., Thiel, D., McKaigney, C. J., Simone, C. D., & Madsen, K. L. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.02.003 · Cited by 318 · see citing works

Is small intestinal permeability really increased in relatives of patients with Crohn's disease?

May, G. R., Sutherland, L. R., & Meddings, J. B. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90638-s · Cited by 316 · see citing works

Induction of Human β-Defensin 2 by the ProbioticEscherichia coliNissle 1917 Is Mediated through Flagellin

Schlee, M., Wehkamp, J., Altenhoefer, A., Oelschlaeger, T. A., Stange, E. F., & Fellermann, K. (2007) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01563-06 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

Role of the intestinal tight junction modulator zonulin in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes in BB diabetic-prone rats

Watts, T. L., Berti, I., Sapone, A., Gerarduzzi, T., Not, T., Zielke, R. H., & Fasano, A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0500178102 · Cited by 313 · see citing works

Multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial of probiotics (Lactobacillus johnsonii, LA1) on early endoscopic recurrence of Crohnʼs disease after ileo-caecal resection

Gossum, A. V., Dewit, O., Louis, E. J., Hertogh, G., Baert, F., Fontaine, F., Devos, M., Enslen, M., Paintin, M., & Franchimont, D. P. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20063 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

The effects of Lactobacillus strains and oat fiber on methotrexate- induced enterocolitis in rats

Mao, Y., Nobaek, S., Kasravi, F. B., Adawi, D., Stenram, U., Molin, G., & Jeppsson, B. W. (1996) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8690198 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria DNA: IL-1 and IL-10 response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Lammers, K. M., Brigidi, P., Vitali, B., Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Caramelli, E., Matteuzzi, D., & Campieri, M. (2003) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00144-5 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Probiotic Bifidobacteria Protect Mice from Lethal Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7

Asahara, T., Shimizu, K., Nomoto, K., Hamabata, T., Ozawa, A., & Takeda, Y. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.4.2240-2247.2004 · Cited by 277 · see citing works

Changes in the bacterial flora of the neoterminal ileum after ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease

Neut, C., Bulois, P., Desreumaux, P., Membré, J., Lederman, E., Gambiez, L. P., Cortot, A., Quandalle, P. A., Kruiningen, H. J. V., & Colombel, J. (2002) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05613.x · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Characterization of the genetic locus responsible for the production of ABP-118, a novel bacteriocin produced by the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118 The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AF408405.

Flynn, S., van Sinderen, D., Thornton, G., Holo, H., Nes, I. F., & Collins, J. K. (2002) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-148-4-973 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn's disease

Peeters, M., Geypens, B. J., Claus, D., Nevens, H., Ghoos, Y. F., Verbeke, G. N., Baert, F., Vermeire, S., VLIETINCK, R. F., & Rutgeerts, P. (1997) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70174-4 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

Molecular Characterization of Rectal Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Flora in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Mylonaki, M., Rayment, N. B., Rampton, D. S., Hudspith, B. N., & Brostoff, J. (2005) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000159663.62651.4f · Cited by 250 · see citing works

Probiotics Reduce Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7- and Enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> O127:H6-Induced Changes in Polarized T84 Epithelial Cell Monolayers by Reducing Bacterial Adhesion and Cytoskeletal Rearrangements

Sherman, P. M., Johnson-Henry, K. C., Yeung, H. P., Ngo, P. S. C., Goulet, J., & Tompkins, T. A. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.8.5183-5188.2005 · Cited by 246 · see citing works

Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori?

Gotteland, M., Brunser, O., & Cruchet, S. (2006) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02868.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works

Induction by a Lactic Acid Bacterium of a Population of CD4 + T Cells with Low Proliferative Capacity That Produce Transforming Growth Factor β and Interleukin-10

von der Weid, T., Bulliard, C., & Schiffrin, E. J. (2001) · Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.8.4.695-701.2001 · Cited by 241 · see citing works

IL-23: a master regulator in Crohn disease

Neurath, M. F. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0107-26 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

Lactobacillus rhamnosus induces peripheral hyporesponsiveness in stimulated CD4+ T cells via modulation of dendritic cell function

Braat, H., van den Brande, J., van Tol, E., Hommes, D. W., Peppelenbosch, M. P., & van Deventer, S. J. H. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1618 · Cited by 235 · see citing works

Anti-inflammatory effects of probiotic yogurt in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Baroja, M. L., Kirjavainen, P. V., Hekmat, S., & Reid, G. (2007) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03434.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Bacteroides Vulgatus Protects against Escherichia Coli-Induced Colitis in Gnotobiotic Interleukin-2-Deficient Mice

Waidmann, M., Bechtold, O., Frick, J.-S., Lehr, H.-A., Schubert, S., Dobrindt, U., Loeffler, J., Bohn, E., & Autenrieth, I. B. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00672-3 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

The dendritic cell: its role in intestinal inflammation and relationship with gut bacteria

Stagg, A. J., Hart, A. L., Knight, S. C., & Kamm, M. A. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.10.1522 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Lactobacillus GG prevents recurrence of colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats after antibiotic treatment

Dieleman, L. A., Goerres, M. S., Arends, A., Sprengers, D., Torrice, C., Hoentjen, F., Grenther, W. B., & Sartor, R. B. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.3.370 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

CD4+CD25− T Cells That Express Latency-Associated Peptide on the Surface Suppress CD4+CD45RBhigh-Induced Colitis by a TGF-β-Dependent Mechanism

Oida, T., Zhang, X., Goto, M., Hachimura, S., Totsuka, M., Kaminogawa, S., & Weiner, H. L. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.5.2516 · Cited by 227 · see citing works

Modulation of humoral immune response through probiotic intake

He, F., Tuomola, E., Arvilommi, H. S., & Seppo, S. (2000) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01504.x · Cited by 226 · see citing works

Bacterial Probiotic Modulation of Dendritic Cells

Drakes, M. L., Blanchard, T. G., & Czinn, S. J. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.6.3299-3309.2004 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Divergent Patterns of Colonization and Immune Response Elicited from Two IntestinalLactobacillusStrains That Display Similar Properties In Vitro

Ibnou-Zekri, N., Blum, S., Schiffrin, E. J., & von der Weid, T. (2002) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.428-436.2003 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Expression of cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and matrix metalloproteinases in pouchitis: effects of probiotic treatment

Ulisse, S., Gionchetti, P., D’Alò, S., Russo, F. P., Pesce, I., Ricci, G., Rizzello, F., Helwig, U., Cifone, M. G., Campieri, M., et al. (2001) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04139.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works

Evidence for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of clinical trials

Hedin, C. R. H., Whelan, K., & Lindsay, J. O. (2007) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665107005563 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Is the mucosal route of administration essential for probiotic function? Subcutaneous administration is associated with attenuation of murine colitis and arthritis

Sheil, B., McCarthy, J., O’Mahony, L., Bennett, M. W., Ryan, P., Fitzgibbon, J. J., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., & Shanahan, F. (2004) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2003.027789 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Streptococcus pyogenesandLactobacillus rhamnosusdifferentially induce maturation and production of Th1-type cytokines and chemokines in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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Antimicrobial activity of lacticin 3147 against clinical Clostridium difficile strains

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