Disrupted social development enhances the motivation for cocaine in rats
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Rationale Early social experiences are of major importance for behavioural development. In particular, social play behaviour during post-weaning development is thought to facilitate the attainment of social, emotional and cognitive capacities. Conversely, social insults during development can cause long-lasting behavioural impairments and increase the vulnerability for psychiatric disorders, such as drug addiction.Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether a lack of social experiences during the juvenile and early adolescent stage, when social play behaviour is highly abundant, alters cocaine self-administration in rats.Methods Rats were socially isolated from postnatal days 21 to 42 followed by re-socialization until adulthood. Cocaine self-administration was then assessed under a fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Next, cue, cocaine and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking was determined following extinction of self-administration.Results Early social isolation resulted in an enhanced acquisition of self-administration of a low dose (0.083 mg/infusion) of cocaine, but the sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement, assessed using a dose-response analysis, was not altered in isolated rats. Moreover, isolated rats displayed an increased motivation for cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Extinction and reinstatement of cocaine seeking was not affected by early social isolation.Conclusions Early social isolation causes a long-lasting increase in the motivation to self-administer cocaine. Thus, aberrations in post-weaning social development, such as the absence of social play, enhance the vulnerability for drug addiction later in life.
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Juvenile social isolation in rats impacts susceptibility to addiction-related behaviors.
“impacts susceptibility to addiction-related behaviors (Whitaker et al., 2013; Baarendse et al., 2014)”
From Social play experience in juvenile rats is indispensable for appropriate socio-sexual behavior in adulthood in males but not females (2023) · cites this paper as Baarendse et al., 2014
Social isolation lowers prefrontal cortex dopamine, indicated by reduced turnover and reduced sensitivity to dopamine agonists.
“Opposite to the effects on dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, PFC dopamine is decreased following social isolation, as evidenced by decreased turnover as well as decreased sensitivity to dopamine agonists (Baarendse et al., 2013; Heidbreder et al., 2000).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Baarendse et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Baarendse, P. J. J., Limpens, J. H. W., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2013-12-06
- Volume
- 231
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1695-1704
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC3969396
- OpenAlex
- W2130258298
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- cocaine self-administration, cocaine seeking, social play, drug addiction vulnerability, progressive ratio schedule, fixed-ratio schedules
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cocaine, Cues, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Extinction, Psychological, Male, Motivation, Reinforcement Schedule, Self Administration, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Yohimbine, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Rats, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists, Drug-Seeking Behavior
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