The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 113 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis
Open accessAbstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that plays a central role in human health and disease. Aging is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) that is associated with a loss of independence and reduced quality of life. Gut microbiota, the bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic microbes residing in the gastrointestinal tract are emerging as a potential contributor to age-associated muscle decline. Specifically, advancing age is characterized by a dysbiosis of gut microbiota that is associated with increased intestinal permeability, facilitating the passage of endotoxin and other microbial products (e.g., indoxyl sulfate) into the circulation. Upon entering the circulation, LPS and other microbial factors promote inflammatory signaling and skeletal muscle changes that are hallmarks of the aging muscle phenotype. This review will summarize existing literature suggesting cross-talk between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle health, with emphasis on the significance of this axis for mediating changes in aging skeletal muscle size, composition, and function.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review proposes a gut-muscle axis in which age-related gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability and circulating LPS/microbial metabolites, promoting inflammation and skeletal muscle atrophy, fat infiltration, and functional decline. It synthesizes murine and human evidence suggesting probiotics, prebiotics, and exercise may help mitigate sarcopenia.
Key findings
- Aging is associated with a less diverse gut microbiota, reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and *Bifidobacterium*/*Lactobacillus*, and increased Proteobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae; these changes accompany increased intestinal permeability and elevated circulating LPS. In older humans, circulating LPS and skeletal muscle TLR4 expression/content were higher than in younger counterparts.
- LPS and microbial metabolites promote muscle catabolism: high-fat-fed mice showed 2- to 3-fold elevated circulating LPS; LPS infusion induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired glucose tolerance in wild-type but not CD-14 mutant mice. Indoxyl sulfate increased IL-6/TNF-α and atrophy markers (myostatin, atrogin-1) in cultured myocytes and increased atrogene expression with decreased muscle mass in mice.
- Microbiota-targeted interventions affect muscle outcomes: *Lactobacillus reuteri* and *L. gasseri* decreased IL-6/MCP-1 and MuRF1/Atrogin-1 and increased tibialis anterior mass in leukemic mice; prebiotic oligofructose decreased circulating LPS/inflammation and increased muscle mass in obese mice; prebiotic inulin plus fructooligosaccharides increased handgrip strength and endurance in frail older adults.
- Human observational links include frail advanced agers (n = 23; ~86 years) showing ~8-fold less *Lactobacillus* and ~6-fold more Enterobacteriaceae, and a larger older cohort (n = 178; ~78 years) in which community dwellers had more butyrate-producing microbes than long-stay residents; athletes had greater microbial diversity than healthy and overweight controls.
Methods
- Design: narrative review of existing literature; no systematic review, meta-analysis, or primary data collection methods are stated.
- Data/sample: synthesizes animal and human studies, including germ-free and conventional mice, high-fat diet models, leukemic/cachectic mice, obese mice, and human cohorts of older adults, frail elders, and athletes.
- Main analysis: qualitative integration of findings to propose an endocrine gut-muscle communication axis linking age-related dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, circulating LPS/metabolites, inflammation, and skeletal muscle size, composition, and function.
Limitations
- Stated: the authors note an inability to distinguish whether changes in microbiota are a driver or a product of compromised bone and muscle integrity; probiotic rescue in mice is cited as suggesting initiation, but causality remains unresolved.
- Evident: as a narrative review, it lacks systematic search and quality appraisal and does not quantify pooled effects; much mechanistic evidence is from murine models, and human evidence is largely cross-sectional or associational, limiting causal inference.
- Evident: several cited human studies are small (e.g., n = 23 frail agers) or observational, and the review states it could not identify any studies showing *Bifidobacterium* supplementation increases muscle mass.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
63 Not checked yet · 17 Own interpretation · 2 Partly supported · 1 Supported · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“probiotic rescue (Lactobacillus reuteri and gasseri) of inflammation and muscle/bone loss in mice proposes that gut microbiota initiate this relationship [19, 67, 89].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [19] Bindels LB, Beck R, Schakman O, Martin JC, de Backer F, Sohet FM, Dewulf EM, Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Thissen JP, Verrax J, Calderon PB, Pot B, Grangette C, Cani PD, Scott KP, Delzenne NM (2012) Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS ONE 7:1–10 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that L. reuteri and L. gasseri supplementation reduced inflammatory cytokines and muscle atrophy markers in leukemic mice; the Discussion proposes a role for gut microbiota in these changes. The cited passages do not report bone loss or its rescue, and they do not establish that gut microbiota initiate the relationship. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [67] Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Claus SP, Le Roy CI, Grangette C, Pot B, Martinez I, Walter J, Cani PD, Delzenne NM (2016) Synbiotic approach restores intestinal homeostasis and prolongs survival in leukaemic mice with cachexia. ISME J 10:1456–1470 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section (‘A synbiotic approach reduces the progression of cancer and associated cachexia’; page unavailable) reports that a previous study found a mixture of L. gasseri and L. reuteri reduced systemic inflammation and muscle atrophy in leukaemic mice. This paper’s own intervention used L. reuteri with a prebiotic, not both bacteria. The cited passage does not report rescue of bone loss, and the Discussion asks whether microbiota changes contribute to the pathology rather than establishing that they initiate it. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [89] Britton RA, Irwin R, Quach D, Schaefer L, Zhang J, Lee T, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR (2014) Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model. J Cell Physiol 229:1822–1830 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) report that L. reuteri protected ovariectomized mice from bone loss, reduced a bone-marrow immune-cell increase, and altered gut microbial communities. The paper does not study L. gasseri or muscle loss. Its Discussion treats a direct role for the microbiota in bone loss as a possibility still under investigation, not an established initiating mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“regular physical activity may help to combat reductions in butyrate-producing microbiota (Clostridiales, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) [102] and Lactobacillus levels [103] that are commonly seen with aging [15, 84, 98].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [102] Estaki M, Pither J, Baumeister P, Little JP, Gill SK, Ghosh S, Ahmadi-Vand Z, Marsden KR, Gibson DL (2016) Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of intestinal microbial diversity and distinct metagenomic functions. Microbiome 4:42 source
The Conclusions link fitness with a microbiome profile favoring butyrate production, potentially through increases in the four groups named in the claim, and describe the findings as consistent with a role for physical activity. The study is correlative, which fits the claim’s cautious “may.” In the citing sentence, this source is attached to the butyrate-producing groups; Lactobacillus and aging have separate citations. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked yetcites [103] Denou E, Marcinko K, Surette MG, Steinberg GR, Schertzer JD (2016) High-intensity exercise training increases the diversity and metabolic capacity of the mouse distal gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 310:E982–E993 source
- Partly supportedcites [15] Rampelli S, Candela M, Turroni S, Collino EB, Franceschi C, O’Toole PW, Brigidi P (2013) Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging 5:902–912 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an age-related loss of genes involved in short-chain-fatty-acid production and a loss of several fibrolytic microorganisms in the extremely aged microbiome. It does not establish age-related declines in the listed Clostridiales, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, or Lactobacillus; it mentions Roseburia in connection with reduced carbohydrate intake instead. The physical-activity proposition is attached to other citations, not this one. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked yetcites [84] van Tongeren S, Slaets J, Harmsen H, Welling G (2005) Fecal microbiota composition and frailty. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6438–6442 source
- Partly supportedcites [98] Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, Power SE, O’Connor EM, Cusack S, Harris HMB, Coakley M, Lakshminarayanan B, O’Sullivan O, Fitzgerald GF, Deane J, O’Connor M, Harnedy N, O’Connor K, O’Mahony D, van Sinderen D, Wallace M, Brennan L, Stanton C, Marchesi JR, Fitzgerald AP, Shanahan F, Hill C, Ross RP, O’Toole PW (2012) Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 9:178–184 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The introduction (p. 5) says older adults’ microbiota differs from that of younger adults, and ‘Microbiota structure and healthy ageing’ (p. 10) reports fewer butyrate-producing genera along a microbiota gradient within the elderly cohort. The paper does not establish that the listed taxa or Lactobacillus commonly decline with age; its observed gradient is not a direct comparison across ages. The physical-activity proposition is attached to other citations, not this one. (LLM, conf=0.82)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“two independent studies have observed changes in skeletal muscle MHC composition following interventions aimed at manipulating gut microbiota [63, 94].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [63] Chen YM, Wei L, Chiu YS, Hsu YJ, Tsai TY, Wang MF, Huang CC (2016) Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation improves exercise performance and increases muscle mass in mice. Nutrients 8:205 source
The Methods (§2.7) describe staining mouse gastrocnemius muscle for fast and slow myosin heavy chain (MHC). The Results (§3.6) report more type I fibers after Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation than after vehicle treatment. This supports the cited paper as one of the studies observing a change in MHC-related muscle fiber composition; the other cited study is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [94] Yan H, Diao H, Xiao Y, Li W, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Zheng P, Mao X, Luo Y, Zeng B, Wei H, Chen D (2016) Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice. Sci Rep 6:31786 source
The Results section reports that germ-free mice given microbiota from different pig breeds differed in skeletal-muscle myosin heavy-chain isoform gene expression: MYH7 was higher and MYH4 lower in recipients of Rongchang pig microbiota. The Methods section identifies fecal microbiota transplantation as the intervention, so this paper supports the claim as one of the two cited studies. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In later years (> 65 years), however, the proclivity for aberrant changes in microbial composition appears to accelerate [13–15].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Langille MG, Meehan CJ, Koenig JE, Dhanani AS, Rose RA, Howlett SE, Beiko RG (2014) Microbial shifts in the aging mouse gut. Microbiome 2:50 source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, Naidoo A, Szamosi JC, Verschoor CP, Loukov D, Schenck LP, Jury J, Foley KP, Schertzer JDL, Maggie J, Davidson DJ, Verd EF, Surette MG, Bowdish D (2017) Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 21:455–466 source
- Not checked yetcites [15] Rampelli S, Candela M, Turroni S, Collino EB, Franceschi C, O’Toole PW, Brigidi P (2013) Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging 5:902–912 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“To conclude, we will integrate these findings and propose a “gut-muscle axis” that we believe plays a role in the age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) [24].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, Abellan van Kan G, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Breuille D, Cederholm T, Chandler J, De Meynard C, Donini L, Harris T, Kannt A, Keime Guibert F, Onder G, Papanicolaou D, Rolland Y, Rooks D, Sieber C, Souhami E, Verlaan S, Zamboni M (2011) Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 12:249–256 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that an age-related increase in LPS levels might contribute to the greater occurrence of diabetes in older persons.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“excess nutrient uptake and storage (i.e., obesity) is associated with low microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundance of the major bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) [27–29].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [27] Vrieze A, Nood E, Holleman F, Salojärvi J, Kootte R, Bartelsman J, Dallinga G, Thie Ackermans M, Serlie M, Oozeer R, Derrien M, Druesne A, Van Hylckama Vlieg J, Bloks V, Groen A, Heilig H, Zoetendal E, Stroes E, De Vos W, Hoekstra J, Nieuwdorp M (2012) Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology 143:913–916 source
- Not checked yetcites [28] Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, Sogin ML, Jones WJ, Roe BA, Affourtit JP, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Heath AC, Knight R, Gordon JI (2009) A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457:480–484 source
- Not checked yetcites [29] Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, Almeida M, Arumugam M, Batto J-M, Kennedy S, Leonard P, Li J, Burgdorf K, Grarup N, Jørgensen T, Brandslund I, Nielsen HB, Juncker AS, Bertalan M, Levenez F, Pons N, Rasmussen S, Sunagawa S, Tap J, Tims S, Zoetendal EG, Brunak S, Clément K, Doré J, Kleerebezem M, Kristiansen K, Renault P, Sicheritz-Ponten T, de Vos WM, Zucker J-D, Raes J, Hansen T, Bork P, Wang J, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen O, Guedon E, Delorme C, Layec S, Khaci G, van de Guchte M, Vandemeulebrouck G, Jamet A, Dervyn R, Sanchez N, Maguin E, Haimet F, Winogradski Y, source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“who demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplant from obese humans into lean animals precipitated body composition shifts consistent with the phenotype of their donor”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Alexis E, Kau AL, Griffin NW, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva O, Semenkovich CF, Funai K, Hayashi DK, Lyle BJ, Martini MC, Luke K, Clemente JC, Treuren WV, Walters WA (2014) Cultured gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate adiposity and metabolic phenotypes in mice. Science 341:1–22
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“facilitating the passage of endotoxin and other microbial products (e.g., indoxyl sulfate) into the circulation”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, Naidoo A, Szamosi JC, Verschoor CP, Loukov D, Schenck LP, Jury J, Foley KP, Schertzer JDL, Maggie J, Davidson DJ, Verd EF, Surette MG, Bowdish D (2017) Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 21:455–466 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“pro-inflammatory cytokine induction and impairments in glucose tolerance were observed exclusively in the wild-type animals.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Ferrie J, Gibson GR, Casteilla L, Delzenne NM, Alessi MC (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56:1761–1772 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“high-fat feeding is shown to compromise epithelial tight junctions and increase intestinal permeability [34, 35]”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Gulhane M, Murray L, Lourie R, Tong H, Sheng YH, Wang R, Kang A, Schreiber V, Wong KY, Magor G, Denman S, Begun J, Florin TH, Perkins A, Cuiv PO, McGuckin MA, Hasnain SZ (2016) High fat diets induce colonic epithelial cell stress and inflammation that is reversed by IL-22. Sci Rep 6:28990 source
- Not checked yetcites [35] Guo S, Al-Sadi R, Said HM, Ma TY (2013) Lipopolysaccharide causes an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability in vitro and in vivo by inducing enterocyte membrane expression and localization of TLR-4 and CD14. Am J Pathol 182:375–387 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“high-fat diet, which is known to induce chronic low-grade chronic inflammation (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α elevation), a reported contributor to insulin resistance [32, 33].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Hotamisligil GS, Peraldi P, Budavari A, Ellis R, White MF, Spiegelman BM (1996) IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science 271:665–668 source
- Not checked yetcites [33] Senn JJ, Klover PJ, Nowak IA, Mooney RA (2002) Interleukin-6 induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Diabetes 51:3391–3399 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As expected, high-fat fed mice exhibited an increase in body weight and inflammatory markers as well as a decrease in glucose tolerance.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Ferrie J, Gibson GR, Casteilla L, Delzenne NM, Alessi MC (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56:1761–1772 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Endotoxin-mediated reductions in glucose tolerance have been similarly shown in humans inoculated with LPS, as evidenced by significant increases in skeletal muscle NF-κβ binding activity and JNK phosphorylation, which synergistically inhibit insulin signaling [36].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Aguirre V, Uchida T, Yenush L, Davis R, White MF (2000) The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase promotes insulin resistance during association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation of Ser(307). J Biol Chem 275:9047–9054 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The composition of gut microbiota is shown to be dynamic throughout the lifespan, undergoing rapid changes from birth until ~ 3 years of age, after which greater stability is established [11, 12].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Baldassano RN, Anokhin AP, Heath AC, Warner B, Reeder J, Kuczynski J, Caporaso JG, Lozupone CA, Lauber C, Clemente JC, Knights D, Knight R, Gordon JI (2012) Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature 486:222–227 source
- Not checked yetcites [12] Hill CJ, Lynch DB, Murphy K, Ulaszewska M, Jeffery IB, O’Shea C, Watkins C, Dempsey E, Mattivi F, Tuohy K, Ross RP, Ryan CA, O’Toole P, Stanton C (2017) Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort. Microbiome 5:4 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“associations between gut ecology and cancer [16], cardiovascular disease [17], obesity [6], diabetes [18], and muscle wasting [19]”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Yu LX, Yan HX, Liu Q, Yang W, Wu HP, Dong W, Tang L, Lin Y, He YQ, Zou SS, Wang C, Zhang HL, Cao GW, Wu MC, Wang HY (2010) Endotoxin accumulation prevents carcinogen-induced apoptosis and promotes liver tumorigenesis in rodents. Hepatology 52:1322–1333 source
- Not checked yetcites [17] Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, Koeth RA, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Hazen SL (2013) Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 368:1575–1584 source
- Not checked yetcites [19] Bindels LB, Beck R, Schakman O, Martin JC, de Backer F, Sohet FM, Dewulf EM, Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Thissen JP, Verrax J, Calderon PB, Pot B, Grangette C, Cani PD, Scott KP, Delzenne NM (2012) Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS ONE 7:1–10 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“in older individuals circulating LPS and skeletal muscle TLR4 (a receptor for LPS [43]) gene expression and protein content were higher, and insulin sensitivity (quantified by HOMA-IR) was lower than their younger counterparts.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Ghosh S, Lertwattanarak R, Garduno Jde J, Galeana JJ, Li J, Zamarripa F, Lancaster JL, Mohan S, Hussey S, Musi N (2015) Elevated muscle TLR4 expression and metabolic endotoxemia in human aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 70:232–246 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Gut microbiota are emerging as a salient contributor to human health and disease [5], and their effects are particularly pronounced in older years [20].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Introduction
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These studies and others [30, 37], show that circulating LPS, a prominent component of gut microbiota, induces skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin resistance thereby contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Choi Y, Kwon Y, Kim D-K, Jeon J, Jang SC, Wang T, Ban M, Kim M-H, Jeon SG, Kim M-S, Choi CS, Jee Y-K, Gho YS, Ryu SH, Kim Y-K (2015) Gut microbe-derived extracellular vesicles induce insulin resistance, thereby impairing glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 5:15878 source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Liang H, Hussey SE, Sanchez-Avila A, Tantiwong P, Musi N (2013) Effect of lipopolysaccharide on inflammation and insulin action in human muscle. PLoS ONE 8:e63983 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“in response to the gut microbiota-specific metabolite indoxyl sulfate [38], C2C12 myoblasts exhibit an up-regulation of glycolysis and an increase in the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway [39].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [38] Wikoff WR, Anfora AT, Liu J, Schultz PG, Lesley SA, Peters EC, Siuzdak G (2009) Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3698–3703 source
- Not checked yetcites [39] Sato E, Mori T, Mishima E, Suzuki A, Sugawara S, Kurasawa N, Saigusa D, Miura D, Morikawa-Ichinose T, Saito R, Oba-Yabana I, Oe Y, Kisu K, Naganuma E, Koizumi K, Mokudai T, Niwano Y, Kudo T, Suzuki C, Takahashi N, Sato H, Abe T, Niwa T, Ito S (2016) Metabolic alterations by indoxyl sulfate in skeletal muscle induce uremic sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 6:36618 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“TNF-α and IL-6 are strongly induced by circulating LPS [53] and elevated in aging individuals [54, 55].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [53] Frost RA, Nystrom GJ, Lang CH (2002) Lipopolysaccharide regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in mouse myoblasts and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283:R698–R709 source
- Not checked yetcites [54] Bruunsgaard H, Andersen-Ranberg K, Jeune B, Pedersen AN, Skinhoj P, Pedersen BK (1999) A high plasma concentration of TNF-alpha is associated with dementia in centenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 54:M357–M364 source
- Not checked yetcites [55] Maggio M, Guralnik JM, Longo DL, Ferrucci L (2006) Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:575–584 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle (i.e., change in muscle composition) has been shown to increase with age [81] and is associated with mobility impairment [82].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [81] Goodpaster BH, Carlson CL, Visser M, Kelley DE, Scherzinger A, Harris TB, Stamm E (1985) Newman AB (2001) Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: the health ABC study. J Appl Physiol 90:2157–2165 source
- Not checked yetcites [82] Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH, Newman AB, Nevitt M, Stamm E, Harris TB (2002) Leg muscle mass and composition in relation to lower extremity performance in men and women aged 70 to 79: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:897–904 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Coupling of these microbial alterations with restoration of intestinal homeostasis (e.g., increase tight junction proteins) and a reduction in muscle wasting suggests that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium may influence gut-muscle communication and regulate muscle size.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
In the paper
“the authors reported an increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) and intramuscular fat after just 3 days [85]”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [85] Collins KH, Paul HA, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Smith IC, Rios JL, Seerattan RA, Herzog W (2016) A high-fat high-sucrose diet rapidly alters muscle integrity, inflammation and gut microbiota in male rats. Sci Rep 6:37278 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the tryptophan derivative indoxyl sulfate, which is similarly shown to increase with age [60], is reported to induce inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6 and TNF-α) and markers of muscle atrophy (myostatin and atrogin-1) similar to that of LPS in cultured myocytes [61].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60] Wyczalkowska-Tomasik A, Czarkowska-Paczek B, Giebultowicz J, Wroczynski P, Paczek L (2017) Age-dependent increase in serum levels of indoxyl sulphate and p-cresol sulphate is not related to their precursors: tryptophan and tyrosine. Geriatr Gerontol Int 17:1022–1026 source
- Not checked yetcites [61] Enoki Y, Watanabe H, Arake R, Sugimoto R, Imafuku T, Tominaga Y, Ishima Y, Kotani S, Nakajima M, Tanaka M, Matsushita K, Fukagawa M, Otagiri M, Maruyama T (2016) Indoxyl sulfate potentiates skeletal muscle atrophy by inducing the oxidative stress-mediated expression of myostatin and atrogin-1. Sci Rep 6:32084 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“sepsis, a life-threatening illness characterized by severe muscle wasting due to both increases in proteolytic degradation and reductions in protein synthesis [52].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] Callahan LA, Supinski GS (2009) Sepsis-induced myopathy. Crit Care Med 37:S354–S367 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“obesity appears to exacerbate the progression of sarcopenia by compounding inflammatory burden [45], resulting in a state of sarcopenic obesity”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Baumgartner RN, Atkinson HH, Penninx BW, Lenchik L, Palla SL, Ambrosius WT, Tracy RP, Pahor M (2005) Sarcopenia, obesity, and inflammation–results from the trial of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and novel cardiovascular risk factors study. Am J Clin Nutr 82:428–434 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Follow-up analyses confirmed the favorable effect of prebiotic feeding on gut microbiota, as was evidenced by a shift in the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes in addition to increases in the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. [66].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [66] Everard A, Lazarevic V, Derrien M, Girard M, Muccioli GG, Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Van Holle A, Francois P, de Vos WM, Delzenne NM, Schrenzel J, Cani PD (2011) Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice. Diabetes 60:2775–2786 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A variety of phenomena have been proposed to contribute to this age-related heightened inflammatory state including redox stress [46], immuno- and endocrine senescence [47, 48], DNA damage [49], epigenetic modification [50], and a distortion of gut microbial homeostasis [51] that is associated with increased levels of circulating endotoxin [42].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Sohal RS, Orr WC (2012) The redox stress hypothesis of aging. Free Radic Biol Med 52:539–555 source
- Not checked yetcites [47] Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S (2000) Human immunosenescence: the prevailing of innate immunity, the failing of clonotypic immunity, and the filling of immunological space. Vaccine 18:1717–1720 source
- Not checked yetcites [48] Maggio M, Basaria S, Ble A, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Ceda GP, Valenti G, Ling SM, Ferrucci L (2006) Correlation between testosterone and the inflammatory marker soluble interleukin-6 receptor in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:345–347 source
- Not checked yetcites [51] Cevenini E, Caruso C, Candore G, Capri M, Nuzzo D, Duro G, Rizzo C, Colonna-Romano G, Lio D, Di Carlo D, Palmas MG, Scurti M, Pini E, Franceschi C, Vasto S (2010) Age-related inflammation: the contribution of different organs, tissues and systems. How to face it for therapeutic approaches. Curr Pharm Des 16:609–618 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an age-related decrease in gut Bifidobacterium content may underlie increases in circulating endotoxin that are shown to induce skeletal muscle atrophy [71].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Morales MG, Olguin H, Di Capua G, Brandan E, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C (2015) Endotoxin-induced skeletal muscle wasting is prevented by angiotensin-(1-7) through a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Clin Sci (Lond) 129:461–476 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Macrophage production of TNF-α is shown to occur early in the stress response, and has been demonstrated to stimulate protein degradation and apoptosis in cultured cells [56, 57].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] Li YP, Chen Y, John J, Moylan J, Jin B, Mann DL, Reid MB (2005) TNF-alpha acts via p38 MAPK to stimulate expression of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx in skeletal muscle. FASEB J 19:362–370 source
- Not checked yetcites [57] Baxter GT, Kuo RC, Jupp OJ, Vandenabeele P, MacEwan DJ (1999) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates both apoptotic cell death and cell proliferation in a human hematopoietic cell line dependent on mitotic activity and receptor subtype expression. J Biol Chem 274:9539–9547 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Bifidobacterium are shown to decrease with age [68], and are associated with lower intestinal [69] and circulating LPS levels [70].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [68] Enck P, Zimmermann K, Rusch K, Schwiertz A, Klosterhalfen S, Frick JS (2009) The effects of ageing on the colonic bacterial microflora in adults. Z Gastroenterol 47:653–658 source
- Not checked yetcites [69] Griffiths EA, Duffy LC, Schanbacher FL, Qiao H, Dryja D, Leavens A, Rossman J, Rich G, Dirienzo D, Ogra PL (2004) In vivo effects of bifidobacteria and lactoferrin on gut endotoxin concentration and mucosal immunity in Balb/c mice. Dig Dis Sci 49:579–589 source
- Not checked yetcites [70] Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Knauf C, Burcelin RG, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR, Delzenne NM (2007) Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia 50:2374–2383 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Collins et al. subjected young rats to a high-fat high-sucrose diet and found an increase in Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative member of the Proteobacteria phylum) and a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., changes that have been similarly reported with aging [83, 84].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, Ostan R, Bucci L, Pini E, Nikkila J, Monti D, Satokari R, Franceschi C, Brigidi P, De Vos W (2010) Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS ONE 5:e10667 source
- Not checked yetcites [84] van Tongeren S, Slaets J, Harmsen H, Welling G (2005) Fecal microbiota composition and frailty. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6438–6442 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“aging muscle appears to undergo a fast-to-slow fiber-type shift [91], that is hypothesized to reduce whole muscle power and increase fall risk [92, 93].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [91] Larsson L, Grimby G, Karlsson J (1979) Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 46:451–456
- Not checked yetcites [92] Korhonen MT, Cristea A, Alen M, Hakkinen K, Sipila S, Mero A, Viitasalo JT, Larsson L (1985) Suominen H (2006) Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes. J Appl Physiol 101:906–917 source
- Not checked yetcites [93] Reid KF, Fielding RA (2012) Skeletal muscle power: a critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 40:4–12 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“administration of a synbiotic containing inulin-type fructans and Lactobacillus reuteri was shown to reverse increases in Escherichia and promoted proliferation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in leukaemic mice [67].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [67] Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Claus SP, Le Roy CI, Grangette C, Pot B, Martinez I, Walter J, Cani PD, Delzenne NM (2016) Synbiotic approach restores intestinal homeostasis and prolongs survival in leukaemic mice with cachexia. ISME J 10:1456–1470 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these findings demonstrate the ability of LPS-associated cytokines to determinately affect protein equilibrium (i.e., synthesis and breakdown), and suggest that elevated endotoxin levels with age may contribute to reductions in muscle mass.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cani et al., who showed a decrease in circulating LPS and inflammation and an increase in muscle mass in obese mice fed the prebiotic fiber oligofructose [65].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, Guiot Y, Everard A, Rottier O, Geurts L, Naslain D, Neyrinck A, Lambert DM, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM (2009) Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut 58:1091–1103 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the leukemic mice were given an oral probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri and L. gasseri that appeared to decrease serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) and atrogene expression (MuRF1 and Atrogin-1) in conjunction with an increase in mass of the tibialis anterior.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Size
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Bindels LB, Beck R, Schakman O, Martin JC, de Backer F, Sohet FM, Dewulf EM, Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Thissen JP, Verrax J, Calderon PB, Pot B, Grangette C, Cani PD, Scott KP, Delzenne NM (2012) Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model. PLoS ONE 7:1–10 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Age-related changes in skeletal muscle size and composition summate to yield reductions in skeletal muscle function (strength and power) [77] that ultimately affect physical performance and the ability to live independently [95].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [77] Reid KF, Naumova EN, Carabello RJ, Phillips EM, Fielding RA (2008) Lower extremity muscle mass predicts functional performance in mobility-limited elders. J Nutr Health Aging 12:493–498 source
- Not checked yetcites [95] Bean JF, Leveille SG, Kiely DK, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L (2003) A comparison of leg power and leg strength within the InCHIANTI study: which influences mobility more? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58:728–733 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Comparison of microbial diversity among these athletes and both healthy normal weight (BMI ≤ 25) and overweight (BMI ≥ 28) age-matched controls elicited a hierarchical pattern (athletes > healthy > overweight), suggesting an association between microbial diversity, body composition, and physical function.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [101] Clarke SF, Murphy EF, O’Sullivan O, Lucey AJ, Humphreys M, Hogan A, Hayes P, O’Reilly M, Jeffery IB, Wood-Martin R, Kerins DM, Quigley E, Ross RP, O’Toole PW, Molloy MG, Falvey E, Shanahan F, Cotter PD (2014) Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity. Gut 63:1913–1920 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“transfer of gut microbiota from an obese pig to a GF mouse replicated the host myocellular phenotype, which mirrored that of aging skeletal muscle (i.e., fast fiber atrophy concomitant with a fast-to-slow fiber type shift).”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Composition
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [94] Yan H, Diao H, Xiao Y, Li W, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Zheng P, Mao X, Luo Y, Zeng B, Wei H, Chen D (2016) Gut microbiota can transfer fiber characteristics and lipid metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle from pigs to germ-free mice. Sci Rep 6:31786 source
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The beneficial changes in gut health seen with exercise training implicate skeletal muscle contraction as a regulator of microbial composition, and provide evidence for bi-directional gut-muscle effects.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“butyrate is shown to enhance intestinal barrier function by reinforcing tight junction assembly [96], which, in theory, should prevent endotoxin translocation and reduce circulating inflammation [97].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [96] Peng L, Li ZR, Green RS, Holzman IR, Lin J (2009) Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Nutr 139:1619–1625 source
- Not checked yetcites [97] Cox MA, Jackson J, Stanton M, Rojas-Triana A, Bober L, Laverty M, Yang X, Zhu F, Liu J, Wang S, Monsma F, Vassileva G, Maguire M, Gustafson E, Bayne M, Chou CC, Lundell D, Jenh CH (2009) Short-chain fatty acids act as antiinflammatory mediators by regulating prostaglandin E(2) and cytokines. World J Gastroenterol 15:5549–5557 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“investigations of age-related changes in gut microbiota describe a bacterial community that is both less diverse and lacking in microorganisms responsible for the production of butyrate (indicative of gastrointestinal health) [15, 84, 98, 99], and more abundant in pathogens belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) [15, 68, 83].”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Establishing an Aging Gut-Muscle Communication Axis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Rampelli S, Candela M, Turroni S, Collino EB, Franceschi C, O’Toole PW, Brigidi P (2013) Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging 5:902–912 source
- Not checked yetcites [84] van Tongeren S, Slaets J, Harmsen H, Welling G (2005) Fecal microbiota composition and frailty. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:6438–6442 source
- Not checked yetcites [98] Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, Power SE, O’Connor EM, Cusack S, Harris HMB, Coakley M, Lakshminarayanan B, O’Sullivan O, Fitzgerald GF, Deane J, O’Connor M, Harnedy N, O’Connor K, O’Mahony D, van Sinderen D, Wallace M, Brennan L, Stanton C, Marchesi JR, Fitzgerald AP, Shanahan F, Hill C, Ross RP, O’Toole PW (2012) Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 9:178–184 source
- Not checked yetcites [99] Jeffery IB, Lynch DB, O’Toole PW (2016) Composition and temporal stability of the gut microbiota in older persons. ISME J 10:170–182 source
- Not checked yetcites [68] Enck P, Zimmermann K, Rusch K, Schwiertz A, Klosterhalfen S, Frick JS (2009) The effects of ageing on the colonic bacterial microflora in adults. Z Gastroenterol 47:653–658 source
- Not checked yetcites [83] Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, Ostan R, Bucci L, Pini E, Nikkila J, Monti D, Satokari R, Franceschi C, Brigidi P, De Vos W (2010) Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS ONE 5:e10667 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Associated with these changes is a decrease in the integrity of epithelial tight junctions and increased intestinal permeability [14], facilitating the translocation of microbial byproducts into circulation.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Establishing an Aging Gut-Muscle Communication Axis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Thevaranjan N, Puchta A, Schulz C, Naidoo A, Szamosi JC, Verschoor CP, Loukov D, Schenck LP, Jury J, Foley KP, Schertzer JDL, Maggie J, Davidson DJ, Verd EF, Surette MG, Bowdish D (2017) Age-associated microbial dysbiosis promotes intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and macrophage dysfunction. Cell Host Microbe 21:455–466 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research in murine models has begun to identify microbial targets with likely skeletal muscle ramifications.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Perspectives and Steps Forward
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these findings advocate that exercise training is an effective means to promote beneficial changes in gut microbial health that seem to reduce circulating inflammation and support the maintenance of muscle mass and function.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
In the paper
“institutionalized elderly had a greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia/Shigella, and less gut microbial diversity when compared with the community dwellers.”
§ Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis > Gut Microbiota and Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function > Muscle Function
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [98] Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, Power SE, O’Connor EM, Cusack S, Harris HMB, Coakley M, Lakshminarayanan B, O’Sullivan O, Fitzgerald GF, Deane J, O’Connor M, Harnedy N, O’Connor K, O’Mahony D, van Sinderen D, Wallace M, Brennan L, Stanton C, Marchesi JR, Fitzgerald AP, Shanahan F, Hill C, Ross RP, O’Toole PW (2012) Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 9:178–184 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from animal models (mice, rats, pigs) about gut microbiota and skeletal muscle can be generalized to humans.
“Taken together, these studies suggest a link between Lactobacillus species and skeletal muscle size that is worthy of further investigation in humans.”
“These findings highlight the possibility that gut microbiota can transfer muscle fiber characteristics, and open the door for studies investigating the transplant of microbiota from young to old as a means to improve skeletal muscle size and composition.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Age-related changes in gut microbiota observed in cross-sectional studies reflect aging rather than cohort or environmental differences.
“Although the underlying cause(s) (host vs environment) of this apparent age-related microbial imbalance have yet to be defined”
“While changes in gut microbiota can be attributed to either host (genetics, age) or environmental (activity, diet) factors, we have focused on microbial dynamics with organismal aging.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Microbial targets identified in murine models have ramifications for human skeletal muscle.
“Research in murine models has begun to identify microbial targets with likely skeletal muscle ramifications.”
“These findings lay the framework for strategic human interventions aiming to manipulate microbial ecology as a means to benefit skeletal muscle health and extend healthy life years in a rapidly expanding aging population.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This endotoxin leads to systemic inflammation which affects the skeletal muscle, affecting its integrity [17].”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823
Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407076101 · Cited by 6,245
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06244 · Cited by 6,091
Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533 · Cited by 5,425
Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
Le Chatelier, E., Nielsen, T., Qin, J., Prifti, E., Hildebrand, F., Falony, G., Almeida, M., Arumugam, M., Batto, J.-M., Kennedy, S., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12506 · Cited by 4,662
Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice
Ridaura, V. K., Faith, J. J., Rey, F. E., Cheng, J., Duncan, A. E., Kau, A. L., Griffin, N. W., Lombard, V., Henrissat, B., Bain, J. R., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241214 · Cited by 3,788
Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk
Tang, W. H. W., Wang, Z., Levison, B. S., Koeth, R. A., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Wu, Y., & Hazen, S. L. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1109400 · Cited by 3,400
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4 · Cited by 3,586
The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health
Wells, J. C., Sawaya, A. L., Wibaek, R., Mwangome, M., Poullas, M. S., Yajnik, C. S., & Demaio, A. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32472-9 · Cited by 993
Wang, X., Tsai, T.-C., Deng, F., Wei, X., Chai, J., Knapp, J., APPLE, J. K., Maxwell, C. V. V., Lee, J. A., Li, Y., et al. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0721-7 · Cited by 528
Short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism and function
Frampton, J. E., Murphy, K. G., Frost, G. S., & Chambers, E. S. (2020) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0188-7 · Cited by 552
Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further
Rodríguez-Daza, M.-C., Pulido-Mateos, E. C., Lupien‐Meilleur, J., Guyonnet, D., Desjardins, Y., & Roy, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.689456 · Cited by 511
Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia
Ticinesi, A., Nouvenne, A., Cerundolo, N., Catania, P., Prati, B., Tana, C., & Meschi, T. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071633 · Cited by 418
Ling, Z., Liu, X., Cheng, Y., Yan, X., & Wu, S. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1867054 · Cited by 378
Nutrition and Frailty: Opportunities for Prevention and Treatment
Lochlainn, M. N., Cox, N. J., Wilson, T., Hayhoe, R. P. G., Ramsay, S. E., Granic, A., Isanejad, M., Roberts, H. C., Wilson, D. V., Welch, C., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072349 · Cited by 301
Pellegrini, C., Antonioli, L., Colucci, R., Blandizzi, C., & Fornai, M. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1856-5 · Cited by 270
Ni, Y., Yang, X., Zheng, L., Wang, Z., Wu, L., Jiang, J., Yang, T., Ma, L., & Fu, Z. (2019) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201900603 · Cited by 255
Livshits, G., & Kalinkovich, A. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100980 · Cited by 245
Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview
Dao, T., Green, A. E., Kim, Y.-A., Bae, S., Ha, K., Gariani, K., Lee, M.-R., Menzies, K. J., & Ryu, D. (2020) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2020.405 · Cited by 249
Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome—How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease
Haran, J. P., & McCormick, B. A. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.060 · Cited by 225
Gut microbiota, cognitive frailty and dementia in older individuals: A systematic review
Ticinesi, A., Tana, C., Nouvenne, A., Prati, B., Lauretani, F., & Meschi, T. (2018) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s139163 · Cited by 215
Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging
Weyh, C., Krüger, K., & Strasser, B. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030622 · Cited by 217
Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger?
Giron, M., Thomas, M., Dardevet, D. P., Chassard, C., & Savary‐Auzeloux, I. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12964 · Cited by 205
Kang, L., Li, P., Wang, D., Wang, T., Dong, H., & Qu, X. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84031-0 · Cited by 197
Malnutrition in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Traub, J., Reiss, L., Aliwa, B. O., & Stadlbauer, V. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020540 · Cited by 200
Picca, A., Ponziani, F. R., Calvani, R., Marini, F., Biancolillo, A., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Gervasoni, J., Primiano, A., Putignani, L., CHIERICO, F. D., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010065 · Cited by 181
Pellegrini, C., Antonioli, L., Calderone, V., Colucci, R., Fornai, M., & Blandizzi, C. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101806 · Cited by 174
Strasser, B., Wolters, M., Weyh, C., Krüger, K., & Ticinesi, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13062045 · Cited by 192
Microbiome and type 1 diabetes
Siljander, H., Honkanen, J. K., & Knip, M. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.031 · Cited by 170
Gut microbiota–bile acid–skeletal muscle axis
Mancin, L., Wu, G. D., & Paoli, A. (2022) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.003 · Cited by 183
Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Physical Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals
Marttinen, M., Ala‐Jaakkola, R., Laitila, A., & Lehtinen, M. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102936 · Cited by 187
Fielding, R. A., Reeves, A. R., Jasuja, R., Liu, C. K., Barrett, B. B., & Lustgarten, M. S. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110722 · Cited by 171
Self-citationYeast proteins: The novel and sustainable alternative protein in food applications
Ma, J., Sun, Y., Meng, D., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Y., & Yang, R. (2023) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.04.003 · Cited by 148
Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People: The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome
Lochlainn, M. N., Bowyer, R. C. E., & Steves, C. J. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10070929 · Cited by 142
A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition
Hughes, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00191 · Cited by 143
Psychological Climacteric Symptoms and Attitudes toward Menopause among Emirati Women
Ali, A. M., Ahmed, A. H., & Smail, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145028 · Cited by 136
Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults
Durk, R. P., Castillo, E., Márquez-Magaña, L., Grosicki, G. J., Bolter, N. D., Lee, C. M., & Bagley, J. R. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0024 · Cited by 131
“…et al., 2013), the growing body of literature on physical activity and gut health may help to inform future bacterial therapeutic interventions attempting to restore microbial homeostasis and preserve physiological systems (e.g., aging skeletal muscle size and function) (Grosicki et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTicinesi, A., Mancabelli, L., Tagliaferri, S., Nouvenne, A., Milani, C., Rio, D. D., Lauretani, F., Maggio, M. G., Ventura, M., & Meschi, T. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238946 · Cited by 138
Bicknell, B. T., Liebert, A. D., Borody, T. J., Herkes, G., McLachlan, C. S., & Kiat, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24119577 · Cited by 135
Grosicki, G. J., Riemann, B. L., Flatt, A. A., Valentino, T. R., & Lustgarten, M. S. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.013 · Cited by 125
Self-citationMINAMI, J., Iwabuchi, N., Tanaka, M., Yamauchi, K., Xiao, J., Abe, F., & Sakane, N. (2018) · Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health · doi:10.12938/bmfh.18-001 · Cited by 123
Kårlund, A., Gómez-Gallego, C., Turpeinen, A. M., Palo-oja, O.-M., El-Nezami, H. S., & Kolehmainen, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040829 · Cited by 140
Turroni, S., Magnani, M., Pukar, K. C., Lesnik, P., Vidal, H., & Heer, M. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.553929 · Cited by 132
Chen, L.-H., Huang, S.-Y., Huang, K.-C., Hsu, C.-C., Yang, K.-C., Li, L.-A., Chan, C.-H., & Huang, H.-Y. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101782 · Cited by 117
Shin, J., Noh, J., Choe, D., Lee, N., Song, Y., Cho, S., Kang, E., Go, M., Ha, S. K., Chang, D., et al. (2021) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01189-5 · Cited by 119
Lochlainn, M. N., Bowyer, R. C. E., Moll, J. M., García, M. P., Wadge, S., Baleanu, A.-F., Nessa, A., Sheedy, A., Akdag, G., Hart, D. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46116-y · Cited by 122
The Role of the Gut Microbiome on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Physical Function: 2019 Update
Lustgarten, M. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01435 · Cited by 110
Self-citationGut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life
Ojeda, J., Ávila, A., & Vidal, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10061299 · Cited by 112
Gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic target for age-related sarcopenia
Zhang, T., Cheng, J.-K., & Hu, Y. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101739 · Cited by 107
Impact of Melatonin on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise
Stacchiotti, A., Favero, G., & Rodella, L. F. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9020288 · Cited by 116
Prokopidis, K., Chambers, E. S., Lochlainn, M. N., & Witard, O. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.770455 · Cited by 115
Biomarkers of Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Coming up to the Place?
Picca, A., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., & Marzetti, E. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21165635 · Cited by 104
PPARs and Microbiota in Skeletal Muscle Health and Wasting
Manickam, R., Duszka, K., & Wahli, W. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218056 · Cited by 104
Impact of Protein Intake in Older Adults with Sarcopenia and Obesity: A Gut Microbiota Perspective
Prokopidis, K., Cervo, M. M., Gandham, A., & Scott, D. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082285 · Cited by 99
Ali, A. M., & Kunugi, H. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9101362 · Cited by 103
“Photobiomics”: Can Light, Including Photobiomodulation, Alter the Microbiome?
Liebert, A. D., Bicknell, B. T., Johnstone, D. M., Gordon, L. C., Kiat, H., & Hamblin, M. R. (2019) · Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery · doi:10.1089/photob.2019.4628 · Cited by 88
Functional microbiome deficits associated with ageing: Chronological age threshold
Ruiz‐Ruiz, S., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Ciordia, S., Mena, M. C., Méndez–García, C., Rojo, D., Bargiela, R., Zubeldia‐Varela, E., Martínez‐Martínez, M., Barbas, C., et al. (2019) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13063 · Cited by 89
The Microbiota and Cancer Cachexia
Herremans, K. M., Riner, A. N., Cameron, M. E., & Trevino, J. G. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20246267 · Cited by 89
Intestinal Microbiota Regulate Certain Meat Quality Parameters in Chicken
Lei, J., Dong, Y., Hou, Q., He, Y., Lai, Y., Liao, C., Kawamura, Y., Li, J., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.747705 · Cited by 90
Micheli, L., Bertini, L., Bonato, A., Villanova, N., Caruso, C., Caruso, M., Bernini, R., & Tirone, F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15071767 · Cited by 91
Rapid gut microbiome changes in a world‐class ultramarathon runner
Grosicki, G. J., Durk, R. P., & Bagley, J. R. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14313 · Cited by 89
Self-citationThe intestinal microbiome and its relevance for functionality in older persons
Ticinesi, A., Tana, C., & Nouvenne, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000521 · Cited by 80
Targeting gut dysbiosis against inflammation and impaired autophagy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Kalkan, H., Pagano, E., Paris, D., Panza, E., Cuozzo, M., Moriello, C., Piscitelli, F., Abolghasemi, A., Gazzerro, E., Silvestri, C., et al. (2023) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202216225 · Cited by 80
The PPAR–microbiota–metabolic organ trilogy to fine‐tune physiology
Oh, H. Y. P., Visvalingam, V., & Wahli, W. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201802681rr · Cited by 79
de Waal, G. M., Engelbrecht, L., Davis, T., de Villiers, W. J. S., Kell, D. B., & Pretorius, E. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35009-y · Cited by 79
Oh, S., Tsujimoto, T., Kim, B., Uchida, F., Suzuki, H., Iizumi, S., Isobe, T., Sakae, T., Tanaka, K., & Shoda, J. (2021) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100253 · Cited by 77
Gut microbiota and physical frailty through the mediation of sarcopenia
Casati, M., Ferri, E., Azzolino, D., Cesari, M., & Arosio, B. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110639 · Cited by 78
Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Link between Inflammaging, Immunosenescence, and Gut Dysbiosis
Kociszewska, D., & Vlajkovic, S. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23137348 · Cited by 82
Impact of whole dairy matrix on musculoskeletal health and aging–current knowledge and research gaps
Geiker, N. R. W., Mølgaard, C., Iuliano, S., Rizzoli, R., Μanios, Y., van Loon, L. J. C., Lecerf, J. M., Moschonis, G., Reginster, J., Givens, I. D., et al. (2019) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05229-7 · Cited by 77
Huang, W.-C., Chen, Y., Chuang, H.-L., Chiu, C.-C., & Huang, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01906 · Cited by 73
Alterations in the intestinal microbiome associated with PCOS affect the clinical phenotype
Wang, L., Zhou, J., Gober, H.-J., Leung, W. T., Huang, Z., Pan, X., Li, C., Zhang, N., & Wang, L. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110958 · Cited by 73
Lee, C., Liao, Y.-C., Lee, M., Lin, K., Hsu, H., Chiou, S., Young, S.-L., Lin, J., Huang, C., & Watanabe, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.708096 · Cited by 79
Nutritional influence on bone: role of gut microbiota
Rizzoli, R. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01131-8 · Cited by 77
Henríquez‐Olguín, C., Boronat, S., Cabello‐Verrugio, C., Jaimovich, E., Hidalgo, E., & Jensen, T. E. (2019) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2018.7678 · Cited by 71
Boytar, A. N., Skinner, T. L., Wallen, R. E., Jenkins, D. G., & Nitert, M. D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061534 · Cited by 75
Mechanisms Involved in Gut Microbiota Regulation of Skeletal Muscle
Li, G., Jin, B., & Fan, Z. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/2151191 · Cited by 72
Interactions between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle
Gizard, F., Fernandez, A., & Vadder, F. D. (2020) · Nutrition and Metabolic Insights · doi:10.1177/1178638820980490 · Cited by 70
Hawley, J. A., Forster, S. C., & Giles, E. M. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.01.224 · Cited by 76
An Integrated Approach to Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging
Agostini, D., Gervasi, M., Ferrini, F., Bartolacci, A., Stranieri, A., Piccoli, G., Barbieri, E., Sestili, P., Patti, A., Stocchi, V., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081802 · Cited by 81
Damanti, S., Azzolino, D., Roncaglione, C., Arosio, B., Rossi, P. D., & Cesari, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11091991 · Cited by 72
The Microbiome–Metabolome Response in the Colon of Piglets Under the Status of Weaning Stress
Jiang, X., Lu, N., Zhao, H., Yuan, H., Xia, D., & Lei, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02055 · Cited by 69
Hippuric acid: Could became a barometer for frailty and geriatric syndromes?
Simone, G. D., Balducci, C., Forloni, G., Pastorelli, R., & Brunelli, L. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101466 · Cited by 68
Wang, Y., Li, Y., Bo, L., Zhou, E., Chen, Y., Naranmandakh, S., Xie, W., Ru, Q., Chen, L., Zhu, Z., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2263207 · Cited by 66
Can a Prebiotic Formulation Reduce Frailty Levels in Older People?
Theou, O., Jayanama, K., Garrido, J. F., Buigues, C., Pruimboom, L., Hoogland, A. J., Navarro-Martínez, R., Rockwood, K. J., & Cauli, O. (2019) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2018.39 · Cited by 63
Qi, R., Sun, J., Qiu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Huang, J., Ge, L., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90881-5 · Cited by 64
Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise
de Souza, P. B., Borba, L. A., de Jesus, L. C., Valverde, A. P., Gil‐Mohapel, J., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316870 · Cited by 68
Kavanagh, K., Hsu, F., Davis, A., Kritchevsky, S. B., Rejeski, W. J., & Kim, S. (2019) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-019-00112-z · Cited by 59
Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses
Ramalho, R., Rao, M., Zhang, C., Agrati, C., Ippolito, G., Wang, F., Zumla, A. I., & Maeurer, M. J. (2020) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w · Cited by 63
Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition
Luk, H., Appell, C. R., Chyu, M., Chen, C., Wang, C., Yang, R., & Shen, C. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9111050 · Cited by 60
Lee, M., Hsu, Y.-J., Ho, H.-H., Kuo, Y., Lin, W., Tsai, S., Chen, W., Lin, C.-L., & Huang, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98958-x · Cited by 54
Lin, C.-L., Hsu, Y.-J., Ho, H.-H., Chang, Y.-C., Kuo, Y., Yeh, Y., Tsai, S., Chen, C., Chen, J.-F., Huang, C., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12071972 · Cited by 55
Microbiome’s role in musculoskeletal health through the gut-bone axis insights
Li, Z., Wang, Q., Huang, X., Wu, Y., & Shan, D. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2410478 · Cited by 62
Quorum sensing molecules as a novel microbial factor impacting muscle cells
Spiegeleer, A. D., Elewaut, D. S., Noortgate, N. J. V. D., Janssens, Y., Debunne, N., Langenhove, S. V., Govindarajan, S., Spiegeleer, B. M. J. D., & Wynendaele, E. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165646 · Cited by 50
Toda, K., Yamauchi, Y., Tanaka, A., Kuhara, T., Odamaki, T., Yoshimoto, S., & Xiao, J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12010219 · Cited by 54
The Effect of Aging Physiology on Critical Care
Darden, D. B., Moore, F. A., Brakenridge, S. C., Navarro, E., Anton, S. D., Leeuwenburgh, C., Moldawer, L. L., Mohr, A. M., Efron, P. A., & Mankowski, R. T. (2020) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2020.08.006 · Cited by 54
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome impairs mouse skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise
Valentino, T. R., Vechetti, I. J., Mobley, C. B., Dungan, C. M., Golden, L. R., Goh, J. Z., & McCarthy, J. J. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp281788 · Cited by 54
Ali, A. M., & Kunugi, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249379 · Cited by 48
Mo, X., Shen, L., Cheng, R., Wang, P., Lin, W. Y., Sun, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Lin, S., Liao, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.13294 · Cited by 49
Lee, Y.-A., Song, S.-W., Jung, S. Y., Bae, J., Hwang, N., & Kim, H.-N. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111927 · Cited by 45
Zhou, Y., Chu, Z., Luo, Y., Yang, F., Cao, F., Luo, F., & Lin, Q. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12163083 · Cited by 47
Shida, T., Oshida, N., Suzuki, H., Okada, K., Watahiki, T., Oh, S., Kim, T., Isobe, T., Okamoto, Y., Ariizumi, S., et al. (2020) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.13543 · Cited by 45
Rondanelli, M., Rigon, C., Perna, S., Gasparri, C., Iannello, G., Akber, R., Alalwan, T. A., & Freije, A. M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020307 · Cited by 44
The Association of Targeted Gut Microbiota with Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hung, W.-C., Hung, W., Tsai, H.-J., Chang, C.-C., Chiu, Y., Hwang, S., Kuo, M., Chen, S., Dai, C., & Tsai, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.51164 · Cited by 45
Exploring the Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Senile Sarcopenia Based on “Gut–Muscle Axis”
Liao, X., Wu, M., Hao, Y., & Hong, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.590869 · Cited by 45
Relationship between intestinal microbiota, diet and biological systems: an integrated view
Ferreira, R. D. S., Mendonça, L. A. B. M., Ribeiro, C. F. A., Calças, N. C., Guimarães, R. D. C. A., do Nascimento, V. A., Freitas, K. D. C., Carvalho, C. M. E., de Castro, A. P., & Franco, O. L. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1836605 · Cited by 46
The foreign body response: emerging cell types and considerations for targeted therapeutics
Yang, B., Rutkowski, N., & Elisseeff, J. H. (2023) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d3bm00629h · Cited by 44
The gut microbiome and frailty
Piggott, D. A., & Tuddenham, S. (2020) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.012 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Grosicki, G. J., Fielding, R. A., & Lustgarten, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lustgarten, Michael S.
- Venue
- Calcified Tissue International
- Published
- 2017-10-20
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-442
- ISSN
- 0171-967X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0827
- PMC
- PMC5858871
- OpenAlex
- W2765923427
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Calcified Tissue International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (58-1950-4-003)
- National Institute on Aging (5K01AG050700-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-muscle axis, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle aging, muscle mass, muscle composition, muscle function, dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, lipopolysaccharide, indoxyl sulfate, inflammation, muscle plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Age Factors, Animals, Biological Products, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
