High-intensity exercise training increases the diversity and metabolic capacity of the mouse distal gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity
Open accessAbstract
Diet and exercise underpin the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease. Diet alters the gut microbiota, which contributes to aspects of metabolic disease during obesity. Repeated exercise provides metabolic benefits during obesity. We assessed whether exercise could oppose changes in the taxonomic and predicted metagenomic characteristics of the gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would counteract high-fat diet (HFD)-induced changes in the microbiota without altering obesity in mice. Compared with chow-fed mice, an obesity-causing HFD decreased the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio and decreased the genetic capacity in the fecal microbiota for metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After HFD-induced obesity was established, a subset of mice were HIIT for 6 wk, which increased host aerobic capacity but did not alter body or adipose tissue mass. The effects of exercise training on the microbiota were gut segment dependent and more extensive in the distal gut. HIIT increased the alpha diversity and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio of the distal gut and fecal microbiota during diet-induced obesity. Exercise training increased the predicted genetic capacity related to the TCA cycle among other aspects of metabolism. Strikingly, the same microbial metabolism indexes that were increased by exercise were all decreased in HFD-fed vs. chow diet-fed mice. Therefore, exercise training directly opposed some of the obesity-related changes in gut microbiota, including lower metagenomic indexes of metabolism. Some host and microbial pathways appeared similarly affected by exercise. These exercise- and diet-induced microbiota interactions can be captured in feces.
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High-intensity endurance training modified the gut microbiota in animal studies.
“In accordance, animal studies by us and others have reported that high-intensity endurance training modified the gut microbiota (Campbell et al., 2016; Denou et al., 2016)”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Denou et al., 2016
In animal models, exercise has boosted the abundance of Dorea.
“In animal models exercise has boosted the abundance of Dorea (Allen et al., 2015; Denou et al., 2016)”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Denou et al., 2016
Regular physical activity may help to combat reductions in butyrate-producing microbiota (Clostridiales, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) and Lactobacillus levels that are commonly seen with aging.
“regular physical activity may help to combat reductions in butyrate-producing microbiota (Clostridiales, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) [102] and Lactobacillus levels [103] that are commonly seen with aging [15, 84, 98].”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [103]
Correlations between microbial diversity and cardiorespiratory fitness in concert with exercise training mediated rescue of high-fat diet-induced microbial disturbance support the idea that exercise training may impart beneficial effects on gut health.
“correlations between microbial diversity and cardiorespiratory fitness [102] in concert with the exercise training mediated rescue of high-fat diet-induced microbial disturbance [103] support the idea that exercise training may impart beneficial effects on gut health.”
From Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size, Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis (2018) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Denou, E., Marcinko, K., Surette, M. G., Steinberg, G. R., & Schertzer, J. D.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schertzer, Jonathan D.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2016-06-01
- Volume
- 310
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- E982-E993
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- PMC
- PMC4935139
- OpenAlex
- W2342902276
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 12.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (136665_1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training, diet-induced obesity, gut microbiota, high-fat diet, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, TCA cycle, alpha diversity, cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity-related metabolic diseases, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, High-Intensity Interval Training, Animals, Bacteria, Exercise Therapy, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Treatment Outcome, Biodiversity, Mice, Metagenome, Diet, High-Fat
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