Cited by 111Schizophrenia research and treatmentPhysical Activity and HealthMental Health and Psychiatry

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The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders.

Malchow, Berend, Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela, Oertel-Knöchel, Viola, Keller, Katriona, Hasan, Alkomiet, Schmitt, Andrea, Scheewe, Thomas W., Cahn, Wiepke, Kahn, René S., Falkai, Peter·2013·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

DOI 10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2

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Abstract

Affective and non-affective psychoses are severe and frequent psychiatric disorders. Amongst others, they not only have a profound impact on affected individuals through their symptomatology, but also regarding cognition, brain structure and function. Cognitive impairment influences patients' quality of life as well as their ability to work and being employed. While exercise therapy has been implemented in the treatment of psychiatric conditions since the days of Kraepelin and Bleuler, the underlying mechanisms have never been systematically studied. Since the early 1990s, studies emerged examining the effect of physical exercise in animal models, revealing stimulation of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. Based on that body of work, clinical studies have been carried out in both healthy humans and in patient populations. These studies differ with regard to homogenous study samples, sample size, type and duration of exercise, outcome variables and measurement techniques. Based on their review, we draw conclusions regarding recommendations for future research strategies showing that modern therapeutic approaches should include physical exercise as part of a multimodal intervention programme to improve psychopathology and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and affective disorders.

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Sorted by citations

Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Treatment and Prevention Strategies
Solé, B., Jiménez, E., Torrent, C., Reinares, M., Bonnin, C. D. M., Torres, I., Varo, C., Grande, I., Valls, E., Salagre, E., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx032 · Cited by 299
“The results obtained across other psychiatric or neurological conditions, as well as on aging, suggest that aerobic physical exercise may also have unequivocal beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in BD, though no studies are available in this population (Kucyi et al., 2010; Malchow et al., 2013).”
Result
Effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and individual psychopathology in depressive and schizophrenia patients
Oertel-Knöchel, V., Mehler, P., Thiel, C., Steinbrecher, K., Malchow, B., Tesky, V., Ademmer, K., Prvulovic, D., Banzer, W., Zopf, Y., et al. (2014) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-014-0485-9 · Cited by 185
“[43] summarized in their review of current clinical studies the effect of exercise on affective and schizophrenia patients and revealed positive effects in both disorders.”
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Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment
Kandola, A., Hendrikse, J., Lucassen, P. J., & Yücel, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00373 · Cited by 155
“…there is a distinct lack of systematic investigations (both animal and human) into the relationship between AE and neuroplasticity, hippocampal functioning, and its impact on cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders such as MDD (Malchow et al., 2013) or schizophrenia (Sommer and Kahn, 2015).”
Effects of Endurance Training Combined With Cognitive Remediation on Everyday Functioning, Symptoms, and Cognition in Multiepisode Schizophrenia Patients
Malchow, B., Keller, K., Hasan, A., Dörfler, S., Schneider-Axmann, T., Hillmer-Vogel, U., Honer, W. G., Schulze, T. G., Niklas, A., Wobrock, T., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv020 · Cited by 103
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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia Include Decreased Mortality
Schmitt, A., Maurus, I., Rossner, M. J., Röh, A., Lembeck, M., von Wilmsdorff, M., Takahashi, S., Rauchmann, B., Keeser, D., Hasan, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00690 · Cited by 111
“In later endurance training studies, a minimum of 30min per training session and at least three sessions per week were recommended in schizophrenia patients (75).”
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See all 111

Authors: Malchow, B., Reich-Erkelenz, D., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Keller, K., Hasan, A., Schmitt, A., Scheewe, T. W., Cahn, W., Kahn, R. S., & Falkai, P.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
University of Göttingen (DE)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Windesheim University of Applied Sciences (NL)
University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
Corresponding author: Malchow, Berend
ORCID: Malchow, Berend
Hasan, Alkomiet
Schmitt, Andrea
Cahn, Wiepke
Kahn, René S.
Falkai, Peter
Venue: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-07-20
Volume: 263
Issue: 6
Pages: 451-467
ISSN: 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
0940-1334
1433-8491
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2
OpenAlex: W2052275405
Cited by: 111
References: 158
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: physical activity, schizophrenia, mood disorders, exercise therapy, cognitive impairment, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, multimodal intervention, animal models of psychosis, quality of life
MeSH terms: Brain, Humans, Schizophrenia, Exercise, Mood Disorders, Neurogenesis, Neuroimaging

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The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders.

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