Immune-mediated processes in neurodegeneration: where do we stand?
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological condition that predominantly affects neurons. It represents a large spectrum of disorders with heterogeneous symptoms and distinct clinical features. In addition to the devastating effects it can have on the affected individual, it constitutes a heavy burden to the society in terms of health care costs. Although the exact cause of neurodegeneration is not known, there are plenty of evidences supporting the notion that the immune system is strongly associated with various forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the numerous functions of immune cells, a change in their expression can either be beneficial or deleterious to the host. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes in neurodegeneration is therefore needed. This could facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets and provide effective means to dampen the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. The overarching aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the roles that the innate and adaptive immune systems play in the central nervous system, and to discuss their beneficial or detrimental effects during neurodegeneration. This paper also critically examines the contribution of immune and inflammatory-mediated responses in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyloid lateral sclerosis by illustrating key findings from animal and human studies.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PD clinical symptoms are mainly motor problems, including bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, and postural instability; PD also presents non-motor symptoms including disorganized speech and altered moods.
“The clinical symptoms of PD are mainly motor problems, including bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, and postural instability. In addition, PD presents non-motor symptoms including disorganized speech and altered moods (Fakhoury, 2016).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Fakhoury, 2016
Although microglia are the main agents responsible for phagocytosis of cell debris in the CNS, the complement system can play a primordial role in removing damaged and apoptotic cells.
“Although microglia are the main agents responsible for phagocytosis of cell debris in the CNS, the complement system can play a primordial role in removing damaged and apoptotic cells (Fakhoury, 2016).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Fakhoury, 2016
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pericyte loss influences Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in mice
Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D., Zhao, Z., Ma, Q., Winkler, E. A., Ramanathan, A., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3932 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
RetractedImmunity, Inflammation, and Cancer
Grivennikov, S. I., Greten, F. R., & Karin, M. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025 · Cited by 10,755 · see citing works
Polazzi, E., Mengoni, I., Caprini, M., Peña‐Altamira, E., Kurtys, E., & Monti, B. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000337115 · Cited by 9,023 · see citing works
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation
Takeuchi, O., & Akira, S. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022 · Cited by 8,895 · see citing works
Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases
Manolio, T. A., Collins, F. S., Cox, N. J., Goldstein, D. B., Hindorff, L. A., Hunter, D. J., McCarthy, M. I., Ramos, E. M., Cardon, L. R., Chakravarti, A., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08494 · Cited by 8,336 · see citing works
Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595 · see citing works
New Multiple Sclerosis Phenotypic Classification
LUBLIN, F. D. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000367614 · Cited by 4,260 · see citing works
Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms
Block, M. L., Zecca, L., & Hong, J.-S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2038 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration
Glass, C. K., Saijo, K., Winner, B., Marchetto, M. C., & Gage, F. H. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.016 · Cited by 3,580 · see citing works
Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses
Mogensen, T. H. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00046-08 · Cited by 3,122 · see citing works
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., Stutz, A., Delekate, A., Schwartz, S., Vieira-Saecker, A., Griep, A., Axt, D., Remus, A., Tzeng, T.-C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11729 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Pericytes regulate the blood–brain barrier
Armulik, A., Genové, G., Mäe, M., Nisancioglu, M. H., Wallgard, E., Niaudet, C., He, L., Norlin, J., Lindblom, P., Strittmatter, K., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09522 · Cited by 2,843 · see citing works
Kiernan, M. C., Vucic, S., Cheah, B. C., Turner, M. R., Eisen, A., Hardiman, O., Burrell, J. R., & Zoing, M. C. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61156-7 · Cited by 2,603 · see citing works
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E., Arnold, D. L., Vollmer, T., Antel, J., Fox, R. J., Bar-Or, A., Panzara, M., Sarkar, N., Agarwal, S., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706383 · Cited by 2,439 · see citing works
Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A target for neuroprotection?
Hirsch, E. C., & Hunot, S. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70062-6 · Cited by 1,984 · see citing works
Multiple Sclerosis: An Immune or Neurodegenerative Disorder?
Trapp, B. D., & Nave, K.-A. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094313 · Cited by 1,724 · see citing works
IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils
Stone, K. D., Prussin, C., & Metcalfe, D. D. (2010) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.017 · Cited by 1,702 · see citing works
The Biological Functions of T Helper 17 Cell Effector Cytokines in Inflammation
Ouyang, W., Kolls, J. K., & Zheng, Y. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.03.004 · Cited by 1,698 · see citing works
Onset and Progression in Inherited ALS Determined by Motor Neurons and Microglia
Boillée, S., Yamanaka, K., Lobsiger, C. S., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Kassiotis, G., Kollias, G., & Cleveland, D. W. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123511 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Microglia in neurodegenerative disease
Perry, V. H., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Holmes, C. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.17 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation
Newton, K., & Dixit, V. M. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006049 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains
Frischer, J. M., Bramow, S., Dal-Bianco, A., Lucchinetti, C. F., Rauschka, H., Schmidbauer, M., Laursen, H., Sorensen, P. S., & Lassmann, H. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp070 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
Bell, R. D., Winkler, E. A., Sagare, A. P., Singh, I., LaRue, B., Deane, R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.043 · Cited by 1,448 · see citing works
Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., & Latz, E. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3705 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells: Differentiation and Functions
Luckheeram, R. V., Zhou, R., Verma, A. D., & Xia, B. (2012) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2012/925135 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Signalling through C-type lectin receptors: shaping immune responses
Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., & Gringhuis, S. I. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2569 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Microglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease
Prinz, M., & Priller, J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3722 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Dong, Y., & Benveniste, E. N. (2001) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.1107 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease—A Double-Edged Sword
Wyss-Coray, T., & Mucke, L. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00794-8 · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works
In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Gerhard, A., Pavese, N., Hotton, G., Turkheimer, F., Es, M., Hammers, A., Eggert, K., Oertel, W., Banati, R. B., & Brooks, D. J. (2006) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2005.08.002 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Brochard, V., Combadière, B., Prigent, A., Laouar, Y., Perrin, A., Beray-Berthat, V., Bonduelle, O., Alvarez-Fischer, D., Callebert, J., Launay, J.-M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci36470 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Astrocytes as determinants of disease progression in inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Yamanaka, K., Chun, S. J., Boillee, S., Fujimori-Tonou, N., Yamashita, H., Gutmann, D. H., Takahashi, R., Misawa, H., & Cleveland, D. W. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2047 · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration
Neumann, H., Kotter, M. R., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn109 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Natural and Adaptive Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: More of the Same or a Division of Labor?
de Lafaille, M. A. C., & Lafaille, J. J. (2009) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.05.002 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Mast cell-orchestrated immunity to pathogens
Abraham, S. N., & John, A. L. S. (2010) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2782 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Hawker, K., O'Connor, P. W., Freedman, M. S., Calabresi, P. A., Antel, J. P., Simon, J. H., Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E. L., Vollmer, T. L., PANITCH, H. S., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21867 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
El Khoury, J., Toft, M., Hickman, S. E., Means, T. K., Terada, K., Geula, C., & Luster, A. D. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1555 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Function of Nod‐like receptors in microbial recognition and host defense
Franchi, L., Warner, N. E., Viani, K. L., & Núñez, G. (2008) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00734.x · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Eosinophils: Biological Properties and Role in Health and Disease
Hogan, S., Rosenberg, H., Moqbel, R., Phipps, S., Foster, P., Lacy, P., Kay, A., & Rothenberg, M. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02958.x · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Chiò, A., Logroscino, G., Traynor, B. J., Collins, J., Simeone, J. C., Goldstein, L. A., & White, L. A. (2013) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000351153 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
Regulatory T cells: how do they suppress immune responses?
Sakaguchi, S., Wing, K., Onishi, Y., Martín, P. P., & Yamaguchi, T. (2009) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxp095 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Disease: astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease
Maragakis, N., & Rothstein, J. (2006) · Nature Clinical Practice Neurology · doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0355 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Astrocytes from familial and sporadic ALS patients are toxic to motor neurons
Haidet-Phillips, A. M., Hester, M. E., Miranda, C. J., Meyer, K., Braun, L., Frakes, A., Song, S., Likhite, S., Murtha, M. J., Foust, K. D., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1957 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
NOD-Like Receptors: Role in Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Disease
Chen, G., Shaw, M. H., Kim, Y., & Núñez, G. (2008) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092239 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
The Role of Complement in Inflammatory Diseases From Behind the Scenes into the Spotlight
Markiewski, M. M., & Lambris, J. D. (2007) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.070166 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Parkinson disease: from pathology to molecular disease mechanisms
Dexter, D. T., & Jenner, P. G. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.018 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
The genetic epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease
Bertram, L. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24761 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Luissint, A.-C., Artus, C., Glacial, F., Ganeshamoorthy, K., & Couraud, P.-O. (2012) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-9-23 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Deane, R., Singh, I., Sagare, A. P., Bell, R. D., Ross, N. T., LaRue, B., Love, R., Perry, S., Paquette, N., Deane, R. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci58642 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Austin, P. J., & Moalem-Taylor, G. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.013 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation in dendritic cells
Savina, A., & Amigorena, S. (2007) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00552.x · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Shaping and reshaping CD8+ T-cell memory
Harty, J. T., & Badovinac, V. P. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2251 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
YKL-40: A Novel Prognostic Fluid Biomarker for Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
Craig-Schapiro, R., Perrin, R. J., Roe, C. M., Xiong, C., Carter, D., Cairns, N. J., Mintun, M. A., Peskind, E. R., Li, G., Galasko, D. R., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.025 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Baruch, K., Rosenzweig, N., Kertser, A., Deczkowska, A., Sharif, A. M., Spinrad, A., Tsitsou-Kampeli, A., Sarel, A., Cahalon, L., & Schwartz, M. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8967 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Targeting eosinophils in allergy, inflammation and beyond
Fulkerson, P. C., & Rothenberg, M. E. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3838 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Krabbe, G., Halle, A., Matyash, V., Rinnenthal, J. L., Eom, G. D., Bernhardt, U., Miller, K. R., Prokop, S., Kettenmann, H., & Heppner, F. L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060921 · Cited by 478 · cited 1× · see citing works
“progression of AD, and is associated with the appearance of Ab plaques in the brain [117].”
BackgroundSynuclein activates microglia in a model of Parkinson's disease
Su, X., Maguire-Zeiss, K. A., Giuliano, R., Prifti, L., Venkatesh, K., & Federoff, H. J. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.006 · Cited by 474 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Activation of microglia in transgenic mice triggers a cascade of pro-inflammatory events in the substantia nigra, which leads to the up-regulation of cytokines, enzymes, and mediators of reactive oxygen species [127, 128].”
BackgroundElusive roles for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases
Ben Haim, L., Carrillo-de Sauvage, M.-A., Ceyzériat, K., & Escartin, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00278 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Role of Th1 and Th17 cells in organ-specific autoimmunity
Dardalhon, V., Korn, T., Kuchroo, V. K., & Anderson, A. C. (2008) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2008.04.017 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Neutrophils: Cinderella of innate immune system
Kumar, V., & Sharma, A. (2010) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.012 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation and Oxidation/Nitration of α-Synuclein Linked to Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration
Gao, H., Kotzbauer, P. T., Uryu, K., Leight, S., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0143-07.2008 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Beers, D. R., Henkel-Tigges, J., Zhao, W., Wang, J., Huang, A., Wen, S., Liao, B., & Appel, S. H. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr074 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Contribution of inflammatory processes to Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms
Sastre, M., Klockgether, T., & Heneka, M. T. (2006) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2005.11.014 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Neuroprotective activities of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease
Reynolds, A. D., Banerjee, R., Liu, J., Gendelman, H. E., & Mosley, R. L. (2007) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0507296 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?
Larochelle, C., Alvarez, J. I., & Prat, A. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.066 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Anatomy and physiology of the blood-brain barrier
Serlin, Y., Shelef, I., Knyazer, B., & Friedman, A. (2015) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.002 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Extracellular matrix and matrix receptors in blood–brain barrier formation and stroke
Baeten, K. M., & Akassoglou, K. (2011) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20954 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Reynolds, A. D., Stone, D. K., Hutter, J. A. L., Benner, E., Mosley, R., & Gendelman, H. E. (2010) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901852 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Junctional complexes of the blood–brain barrier: permeability changes in neuroinflammation
Petty, M. A., & Lo, E. H. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00128-4 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
González, H., Elgueta, D., Montoya, A., & Pacheco, R. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.07.012 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Basophils and allergic inflammation
Siracusa, M. C., Kim, B., Spergel, J. M., & Artis, D. (2013) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.046 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Natural and TGF-β–induced Foxp3+CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells are not mirror images of each other
Horwitz, D. A., Zheng, S. G., & Gray, J. D. (2008) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2008.06.005 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
The Role of the Complement System in Innate Immunity
Rus, H., Cudrici, C. D., & Niculescu, F. I. (2005) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1385/ir:33:2:103 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Innate Immunity in the CNS: Redefining the Relationship between the CNS and Its Environment
Lampron, A., ElAli, A., & Rivest, S. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.005 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
T-cell-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation involved in neurodegenerative diseases
González, H., & Pacheco, R. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0201-8 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
The role of antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis
Chastain, E. M. L., Duncan, D. S., Rodgers, J. M., & Miller, S. D. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.008 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Eosinophils in innate immunity: an evolving story
Shamri, R., Xenakis, J. J., & Spencer, L. A. (2010) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1049-6 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Rosenkranz, D., Weyer, S. W., Tolosa, E., Gaenslen, A., Berg, D., Leyhe, T., Gasser, T., & Stoltze, L. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.05.011 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The Blood Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Rhetorical Perspective
Carvey, P., Hendey, B., & Monahan, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06319.x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Mast cells, glia and neuroinflammation: partners in crime?
Skaper, S. D., Facci, L., & Giusti, P. (2013) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12170 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
B cell exchange across the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis
von Büdingen, H. ‐., Kuo, T. C., Sirota, M., van Belle, C. J., Apeltsin, L., Glanville, J., Cree, B., Gourraud, P., Schwartzburg, A., Huerta, G., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63842 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Ke, K., Liu, Z., Qiu, Y., & Peng, Y.-P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075786 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration by Activation of the Microglial Complement-Phagosome Pathway
Bodea, L.-G., Wang, Y., Linnartz-Gerlach, B., Kopatz, J., Sinkkonen, L., Musgrove, R., Kaoma, T., Muller, A., Vallar, L., Di Monte, D. A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5002-13.2014 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Astrocytes and Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease
Rappold, P. M., & Tieu, K. (2010) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2010.07.001 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Screening of innate immune receptors in neurodegenerative diseases: A similar pattern
Letiembre, M., Liu, Y., Walter, S., Hao, W., Pfander, T., Wrede, A., Schulz-Schaeffer, W., & Fassbender, K. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.08.018 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Advances in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from pathophysiological studies
Vucic, S., Rothstein, J. D., & Kiernan, M. C. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.05.006 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
CD4+ T‐regulatory cells: toward therapy for human diseases
Allan, S., Broady, R. C., Gregori, S., Himmel, M. E., Locke, N. R., Roncarolo, M. G., Bacchetta, R., & Levings, M. K. (2008) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00634.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Environmental Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: A Review with a Focus on Molecular Mechanisms
O’Gorman, C., Lucas, R. M., & Taylor, B. V. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms130911718 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Th17 Cells in Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases
Zambrano‐Zaragoza, J. F., Romo-Martínez, E. J., Durán‐Avelar, M. D. J., García‐Magallanes, N., & Vibanco‐Pérez, N. (2014) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2014/651503 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The Role of Mast Cells in the Defence against Pathogens
Urb, M., & Sheppard, D. C. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002619 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Toll-like receptor (TLR) and inflammasome actions in the central nervous system
Hanamsagar, R., Hanke, M. L., & Kielian, T. (2012) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.03.001 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
RIG-I like receptors and their signaling crosstalk in the regulation of antiviral immunity
Ramos, H. J., & Gale, M. (2011) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.04.004 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Transgenic Mouse Model of Tau Pathology in Astrocytes Leading to Nervous System Degeneration
Forman, M. S., Lal, D., Zhang, B., Dabir, D. V., Swanson, E., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0081-05.2005 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The role of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Gemma, C., & Bachstetter, A. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00229 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mantovani, S., Garbelli, S., Pasini, A., Alimonti, D., Perotti, C. G., Melazzini, M. G., Bendotti, C., & Mora, G. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.02.012 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis: T-cell receptor expression in distinct brain regions
Junker, A., Ivanidze, J., Malotka, J., Eiglmeier, I., Lassmann, H., Wekerle, H., Meinl, E., Hohlfeld, R., & Dornmair, K. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm214 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Oligodendrogenesis in the normal and pathological central nervous system
Waly, B. E., Macchi, M., Cayre, M., & Durbec, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00145 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Yokokura, M., Mori, N., Yagi, S., Yoshikawa, E., Kikuchi, M., Yoshihara, Y., Wakuda, T., Sugihara, G., Takebayashi, K., Suda, S., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-010-1612-0 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
IL-17A is increased in the serum and in spinal cord CD8 and mast cells of ALS patients
Fiala, M., Chattopadhay, M., Cava, A. L., Tse, E., Liu, G., Lourenço, E. V., Eskin, A., Liu, P. T., Magpantay, L. I., Tse, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-7-76 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells
Kim, M. T., & Harty, J. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00295 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) in autoimmunity
Pot, C., Apetoh, L., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2011) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.07.005 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Role of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in autoimmunity
Paul, S., Shilpi, & Lal, G. (2014) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ru0914-443r · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The Role of Neutrophils and Monocytes in Innate Immunity
Kantari‐Mimoun, C., Pederzoli-Ribeil, M., & Witko‐Sarsat, V. (2008) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000136335 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Chinta, S. J., Lieu, C. A., DeMaria, M., Laberge, R. ‐., Campisi, J., & Andersen, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12029 · Cited by 165 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although a primary cause for PD is yet to be determined, several risk factors have been identified, including aging, genetic predisposition and environmental insults [124, 125].”
BackgroundChristy, A. L., Walker, M. E., Hessner, M. J., & Brown, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.11.003 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The Complement Factor C5a Contributes to Pathology in a Rat Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Woodruff, T. M., Costantini, K. J., Crane, J. W., Atkin, J. D., Monk, P. N., Taylor, S. M., & Noakes, P. G. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8727 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Wang, X.-J., Tian, L.-P., Pan, J., Lu, G.-Q., Zhang, Y.-J., Ding, J.-Q., & Chen, S.-D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-154 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Ishida, Y., Rifa’i, M., Shi, Z., Isobe, K., & Suzuki, H. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.825 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Koronyo, Y., Salumbides, B. C., Sheyn, J., Pelissier, L., Li, S., Ljubimov, V., Moyseyev, M., Daley, D., Fuchs, D.-T., Pham, M., et al. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv150 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Minghetti, L., Carnevale, D., & Simone, R. D. (2007) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152707783399193 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Innate and adaptive immunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Evidence of complement activation
Sta, M., Sylva-Steenland, R. M. R., Casula, M., de Jong, J. M. B. V., Troost, D., Aronica, E., & Baas, F. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.002 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Immune Activation are Detectable in Early Alzheimer's Disease Blood
Lunnon, K., Ibrahim, Z. M., Proitsi, P., Lourdusamy, A., Newhouse, S., Sattlecker, M., Furney, S. J., Saleem, M., Soininen, H. S., Kłoszewska, I., et al. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111592 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Neuron-Microglia Interaction in Neuroinflammation
Suzumura, A. (2013) · Current Protein & Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203711314010004 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
IL‐10 suppressor activity and ex vivo Tr1 cell function are impaired in multiple sclerosis
Martínez‐Forero, I., García‐Muñoz, R., Martinez‐Pasamar, S., Inogés, S., de Cerio, A. L.-D., Palacios, R., Sepulcre, J., Moreno, B., Gonzalez, Z., Fernández-Díez, B., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200737271 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Advances in distinguishing natural from induced Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells.
Lin, X.-H., Chen, M., Liu, Y., Guo, Z., He, X., Brand, D. D., & Zheng, S. G. (2013) · PubMed Central · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Bone-marrow-derived microglia: myth or reality?
Soulet, D., & Rivest, S. (2008) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2008.04.002 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Regulatory NK-Cell Functions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Lünemann, A., Lünemann, J. D., & Münz, C. (2009) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00035 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Regulation of IL-17 in Human CCR6+ Effector Memory T Cells
Liu, H., & Rohowsky‐Kochan, C. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.7948 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
IL-21 and IL-21 Receptor Expression in Lymphocytes and Neurons in Multiple Sclerosis Brain
Tzartos, J., Craner, M., Friese, M., Jakobsen, K. B., Newcombe, J., Esiri, M., & Fugger, L. (2011) · American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.043 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Cao, C., Arendash, G. W., Dickson, A., Mamcarz, M. B., Lin, X., & Ethell, D. W. (2009) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.12.015 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Inflammasomes: Molecular Regulation and Implications for Metabolic and Cognitive Diseases
Choi, A. J. S., & Ryter, S. W. (2014) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2014.0104 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Kallaur, A. P., Oliveira, S. R., Simão, A. N. C., de Almeida, E. R. D., Morimoto, H. K., Lopes, J. M., Pereira, W. L. D. C. J., ANDRADE, R. M., Pelegrino, L. M., Borelli, S. D., et al. (2013) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1256 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Yao, Y. F., Vent‐Schmidt, J., McGeough, M. D., Wong, M. Q., Hoffman, H. M., Steiner, T. S., & Levings, M. K. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1403225 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Role of Immunity and Inflammation in the Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Fakhoury, M. (2015) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369933 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationCirculating interleukin-15 and RANTES chemokine in Parkinson’s disease
Rentzos, M., Nikolaou, C., Andreadou, E., Paraskevas, G. P., Rombos, A., Zoga, M., Tsoutsou, A., Boufidou, F., Kapaki, E., & Vassilopoulos, D. (2007) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00894.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Skaper, S. D., & Facci, L. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0391 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Trudler, D., Farfara, D., & Frenkel, D. (2010) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2010/497987 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Glial Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Lasiene, J., & Yamanaka, K. (2011) · Neurology Research International · doi:10.1155/2011/718987 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Zhang, E., & Lu, M. (2014) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-014-0370-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Targeting B cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent advances and remaining challenges
Lehmann‐Horn, K., Kronsbein, H. C., & Weber, M. S. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756285612474333 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Facci, L., Barbierato, M., Marinelli, C., Argentini, C., Skaper, S. D., & Giusti, P. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep06824 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
CD8+ T-cell immunity in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Schneider‐Hohendorf, T., Schwab, N., Üçeyler, N., Göbel, K., Sommer, C., & Wiendl, H. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318245d250 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
CD8+T cells in multiple sclerosis
Đenić, A., Wootla, B., & Rodriguez, M. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2013.815726 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
李, 永. (2008) · 名古屋大学 eBooks · Cited by 102 · see citing works
NALP1/NLRP1 Genetic Variants are Associated With Alzheimer Disease
Pontillo, A., Catamo, E., Arosio, B., Mari, D., & Crovella, S. (2011) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318231a8ac · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Autoimmune Manifestations in the 3xTg-AD Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Marchese, M., Cowan, D., Head, E., Ma, D., Karimi, K., Ashthorpe, V., Kapadia, M., Zhao, H., Davis, P., & Sakic, B. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-131490 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Pericytes: Blood-Brain Barrier Safeguards against Neurodegeneration?
Quaegebeur, A., Segura, I., & Carmeliet, P. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.024 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
CD200R1 Agonist Attenuates Mechanisms of Chronic Disease in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Liu, Y., Bandô, Y., Vargas-Lowy, D., Elyaman, W., Khoury, S. J., Huang, T., Reif, K., & Chitnis, T. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4272-09.2010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Novel CD8+ Treg suppress EAE by TGF‐β‐ and IFN‐γ‐dependent mechanisms
Chen, M., Yan, B., Kozoriz, D., & Weiner, H. L. (2009) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200939441 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Schwartz, C., Eberle, J. U., & Voehringer, D. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.049 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Lewis, K. E. A., Rasmussen, A. L., Bennett, W. R., King, A. E., West, A. K., Chung, R. S., & Chuah, M. I. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-55 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Role of CD8 T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Saxena, A., Martin‐Blondel, G., Mars, L. T., & Liblau, R. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.047 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Current and Future Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Minagar, A. (2013) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2013/249101 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Graber, J. J., Ford, D., Zhan, M., Francis, G., PANITCH, H. S., & Dhib-Jalbut, S. S. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.011 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Airas, L., Dickens, A., Elo, P., Marjamäki, P., Johansson, J., Eskola, O., Jones, P., Trigg, W., Solin, O., Haaparanta-Solin, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.149955 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hucke, S., Floßdorf, J., Grützke, B., Dunay, I. R., Frenzel, K., Jungverdorben, J., Linnartz‐Gerlach, B., Mack, M., Peitz, M., Brüstle, O., et al. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws058 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Complement System in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Jain, U., Otley, A. R., Limbergen, J. V., & Stadnyk, A. W. (2014) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000056 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis
Kooi, E., Strijbis, E. M. M., van der Valk, P., & Geurts, J. J. G. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826c1b1c · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Regulation of an Autoimmune Model for Multiple Sclerosis in Th2-Biased GATA3 Transgenic Mice
Fernando, V., Omura, S., Sato, F., Kawai, E., Martinez, N. E., Elliott, S., Yoh, K., Takahashi, S., & Tsunoda, I. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms15021700 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gao, X., Hu, X., Li, Q., Yang, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, D., Wu, X., Fraser, A., Wilson, B. C., Flood, P. M., et al. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11031 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Eosinophil recruitment and activation: the role of lipid mediators
Luna-Gomes, T., Bozza, P. T., & Bandeira‐Melo, C. (2013) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00027 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease
Brás, J., & Singleton, A. (2008) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.11.008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rinaldi, L. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl179 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
RIG-1 receptor expression in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease
de Rivero Vaccari, J. P., Brand, F. J., Sedaghat, C., Mash, D. C., Dietrich, W. D., & Keane, R. W. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-67 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Protective and Detrimental Roles for Regulatory T Cells in a Viral Model for Multiple Sclerosis
Martinez, N. E., Karlsson, F. J., Sato, F., Kawai, E., Omura, S., Minagar, A., Grisham, M. B., & Tsunoda, I. (2014) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12119 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Beynon, V., Cotofana, S., Brand, S., Lohse, P., Mair, A., Wagner, S., Mussack, T., Ochsenkühn, T., Folwaczny, M., Folwaczny, C., et al. (2008) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20441 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zarling, S., Berenzon, D. P., Dalai, S. K., Liepinsh, D. J., Steers, N., & Krzych, U. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203396 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Isolation of Purified and Live Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells using FACS Sorting on Scatter Plot
Zhou, X., Wang, J., Shi, W., Brand, D. D., Liu, Z., Fan, H., & Zheng, S. G. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjq007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Wong, C. K., Ng, S. S. M., Lun, S. W., Cao, J., & Lam, C. W. K. (2008) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02916.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Immune system alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Hovden, H., Frederiksen, J. L., & Pedersen, S. W. (2013) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12125 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
P268S in NOD2 associates with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease in Chinese population
Ma, Q., An, X., Li, Z., Zhang, H., Huang, W.-Q., Cai, L., Hu, P., Lin, Q., & Tzeng, C. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-19 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Drug Permeation across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Applications of Nanotechnology
Fakhoury, M., Takechi, R., & Al‐Salami, H. (2015) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2015/15493 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationEosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin Is Elevated in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Liu, G., Hwang, C., Hsieh, C.-H., Lu, C.-H., Chang, S. L.-Y., Lee, J., Huang, C.-F., & Chang, H. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/421389 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Brun, V., Neveu, V., Pers, Y., Fabre, S., Quatannens, B., Bastian, H., Clerget–Chossat, N., Jørgensen, C., & Foussat, A. (2011) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Genetics
Goris, A., Pauwels, I., & Dubois, B. (2012) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/138920212803759695 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Immune Tolerance by Induced Regulatory T Cells in Asthma
Choi, I. S. (2012) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2012.4.3.113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Therapy
Fakhoury, M. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666170720095240 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.
Ramirez, A. I., de Hoz, R., Salobrar-Garcia, E., Salazar, J. J., Rojas, B., Ajoy, D., López-Cuenca, I., Rojas, P., Triviño, A., & Ramírez, J. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Redondo-Flórez, L., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Belinchón-deMiguel, P., Martínez‐Guardado, I., Dalamitros, A. A., Sepulveda, R. A. Y., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092488 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The role of microRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: a review
Li, S., Lei, Z., & Sun, T. (2022) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-022-09761-x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Is Triclosan a neurotoxic agent?
Ruszkiewicz, J. A., Li, S., Rodriguez, M. B., & Aschner, M. (2017) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/10937404.2017.1281181 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Pharmacological approaches to mitigate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Uddin, M. S., Kabir, M. T., Mamun, A. A., Barreto, G. E., Rashid, M., Perveen, A., & Ashraf, G. M. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106479 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
HLA and microtubule-associated protein tau H1 haplotype associations in anti-IgLON5 disease
Gaig, C., Ercilla, G., Daura, X., Ezquerra, M., Fernández‐Santiago, R., Palou, E., Sabater, L., Höftberger, R., Heidbreder, A., Högl, B., et al. (2019) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000605 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Jankowska-Kieltyka, M., Roman, A., & Nalepa, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.647643 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Zella, M. A. S., Metzdorf, J., Ostendorf, F., Maass, F., Muhlack, S., Gold, R., Haghikia, A., & Tönges, L. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8020105 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Wang, L., Yu, C.-C., Liu, X., Deng, X., Tian, Q., & Du, Y. (2021) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2021/9912686 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Stem Cell-Microglia Interaction in Brain Homeostasis
Bagheri‐Mohammadi, S. (2020) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-020-03162-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
García-Fernández, P., Üçeyler, N., & Sommer, C. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000898 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Clementino, A., Marchi, C., Pozzoli, M., Bernini, F., Zimetti, F., & Sonvico, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.716380 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Villadiego, J., Labrador‐Garrido, A., Franco, J. M., Leal‐Lasarte, M., Genst, E. D., Dobson, C. M., Pozo, D., Toledo‐Aral, J. J., & Roodveldt, C. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23237 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reduced Prevalence of Dementia in Patients Prescribed Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, or Cyclosporine
Silva, J. D., Taglialatela, G., & Jupiter, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230526 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
ATP-binding cassette transporters and neurodegenerative diseases
Katzeff, J. S., & Kim, W. S. (2021) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20210012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yang, X., Zheng, J., Tian, S., Chen, Y., An, R., Zhao, Q., & Xu, Y. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.055 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wtpsk, S., Oikari, L. E., Bharadwaj, P., Jayasena, V., Martins, R. N., & Fernando, W. M. A. D. B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17142286 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Schmal, Z., Hammer, B., Müller, A., & Rübe, C. E. (2021) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Huang, B., Zhenxin, Y., Chen, S., Tan, Z., Zong, Z., Zhang, H., & Xiong, X. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/1315248 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Key brain cell interactions and contributions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Saavedra, J., Nascimento, M., Liz, M. A., & Cardoso, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1036123 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Systemic inflammatory markers in patients with polyneuropathies
García-Fernández, P., Höfflin, K., Rausch, A., Strommer, K., Neumann, A., Cebulla, N., Reinhold, A., Rittner, H. L., Üçeyler, N., & Sommer, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1067714 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rimkus, S. A., & Wassarman, D. A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190821 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations
del Pilar, C., Lebrón‐Galán, R., Pérez-Martín, E., Pérez-Revuelta, L., Ávila-Zarza, C. A., Alonso, J. R., Clemente, D., Weruaga, E., & Díaz, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.773696 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Haziot, C. B., & Birak, K. S. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-220097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Villadiego, J., Romo‐Madero, S., García‐Swinburn, R., Suárez‐Luna, N., Bermejo‐Navas, A., Echevarrı́a, M., & Toledo‐Aral, J. J. (2018) · Xenotransplantation · doi:10.1111/xen.12410 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chirico, M., Custer, J., Shoyombo, I., Cooper, C. M., Meldrum, S., Dantzer, R., Trivedi, M. H., Rathouz, P. J., & Toups, M. S. P. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100126 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Maksour, S., & Ooi, L. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15885 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Novel patients with NHLRC2 variants expand the phenotypic spectrum of FINCA disease
Tallgren, A., Kager, L., O’Grady, G. L., Tuominen, H. J., Körkkö, J., Kuismin, O., Feucht, M., Wilson, C. J., Behunova, J., England, E. M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1123327 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Farooqui, T., & Farooqui, A. A. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119155195.ch16 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Inflammation-Mediated Responses in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Nainu, F., Mamada, S. S., Harapan, H., & Emran, T. B. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pathogen-derived peptides in drug targeting and its therapeutic approach
Mun, S., Cho, E., Kim, J., & Yang, C. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.041 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Randhawa, S., Saini, T. C., Bathla, M., Teji, N., & Acharya, A. (2025) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00868 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Different Molecular Targets and Its Significant Role in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Perumal, D. P., & Pichaivel, M. (2024) · Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine · doi:10.37231/ajmb.2024.8.1.650 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Melatonin and neurodegeneration: From neurotoxic environment to cell resilience
Ramos, E., Gil‐Martín, E., & Romero, A. (2019) · Advances in molecular toxicology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64293-6.00003-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ferri, E., Ianniello, F., & Salandin, S. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rajarathinam, B., Nandan, D., Venugopal, P., Nair, A. M., John, S., Nair, B. G., & Aradhya, R. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27072989 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gcm counteracts Toll-induced inflammation and impacts hemocyte number through cholinergic signaling
Bazzi, W., Monticelli, S., Delaporte, C., Riet, C., Giangrande, A., & Cattenoz, P. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293766 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Immunity in Parkinson's disease – The role of innate responses
Iyengar, A. S., Dunkley, P. R., & Dickson, P. W. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578716 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Peters, S., Wirkert, E., Kuespert, S., Heydn, R., Korte, S., Mecklenburg, L., Aigner, L., Johannesen, S. W., Bruun, T., & Bogdahn, U. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12030973
Gcm alleviates the inflammatory phenotype induced by Toll activation in Drosophila hemocytesPreprint
Bazzi, W., Monticelli, S., Delaporte, C., Riet, C., Giangrande, A., & Cattenoz, P. B. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.21.558811
Integration of Peripheral and Central Immune Alteration in Neurodegeneration
Wali, Z., Pinky, Neha, & Parvez, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5088-3_4
Etemadifar, M., Salari, M., Kashefi, M., Shams, Y., Sichani, M. H., & Hojjatipour, F. (2026) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.1080/17582024.2026.2718409
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in immune-mediated neurodegeneration
Reddy, D. H., Yadava, S., Dumala, N., Duguluri, S., Yadagiri, G., Chakravarthi, G., & Ramakrishna, K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44253-7.00014-x
- Authors
- Fakhoury, M.
- Affiliations
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fakhoury, Marc
- ORCID
- Fakhoury, Marc
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology
- Published
- 2016-02-12
- Volume
- 263
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1683-1701
- ISSN
- 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
- 0340-5354
- 1432-1459
- OpenAlex
- W2264054438
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, immune cells, neurodegenerative disease treatment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Neuroimmunomodulation, Neurodegenerative Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review