Cited by 44Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Immune-mediated processes in neurodegeneration: where do we stand?

Fakhoury, Marc·2016·Journal of Neurology

Abstract

Neurodegeneration is a pathological condition that predominantly affects neurons. It represents a large spectrum of disorders with heterogeneous symptoms and distinct clinical features. In addition to the devastating effects it can have on the affected individual, it constitutes a heavy burden to the society in terms of health care costs. Although the exact cause of neurodegeneration is not known, there are plenty of evidences supporting the notion that the immune system is strongly associated with various forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the numerous functions of immune cells, a change in their expression can either be beneficial or deleterious to the host. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes in neurodegeneration is therefore needed. This could facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets and provide effective means to dampen the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. The overarching aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the roles that the innate and adaptive immune systems play in the central nervous system, and to discuss their beneficial or detrimental effects during neurodegeneration. This paper also critically examines the contribution of immune and inflammatory-mediated responses in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyloid lateral sclerosis by illustrating key findings from animal and human studies.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00415-016-8052-0

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167 of 167 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • PD clinical symptoms are mainly motor problems, including bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, and postural instability; PD also presents non-motor symptoms including disorganized speech and altered moods.

    “The clinical symptoms of PD are mainly motor problems, including bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, and postural instability. In addition, PD presents non-motor symptoms including disorganized speech and altered moods (Fakhoury, 2016).”
  • Although microglia are the main agents responsible for phagocytosis of cell debris in the CNS, the complement system can play a primordial role in removing damaged and apoptotic cells.

    “Although microglia are the main agents responsible for phagocytosis of cell debris in the CNS, the complement system can play a primordial role in removing damaged and apoptotic cells (Fakhoury, 2016).”

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Authors
Fakhoury, M.
Affiliations
Université de Montréal (CA)
Corresponding author
Fakhoury, Marc
Venue
Journal of Neurology
Published
2016-02-12
Volume
263
Issue
9
Pages
1683-1701
ISSN
  • 0012-1037 (ISSN-L)
  • 0340-5354
  • 1432-1459
OpenAlex
W2264054438
Cited by
43
References
167
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
FWCI
0.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, central nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, immune cells, neurodegenerative disease treatment
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Neuroimmunomodulation, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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