The Differential Effects of Actual and Perceived Polarization
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Perceived polarization influences negative evaluations of opposing parties more than actual polarization.
“This is a relevant task since, in view of the revised literature, we conclude that perceived polarization influences negative evaluations of opposing parties more than actual polarization, although we almost always focus on the latter (Enders & Armaly, 2019).”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Enders & Armaly, 2019
False polarization might become a self-fulfilling prophecy, increasing affective and/or ideological polarization over time because prejudice can arise from even the illusory perception of dissimilarity between in-group and out-group members.
“That is, false polarization might increase affective and/or ideological polarization over time156 because prejudice can arise from even the illusory perception of dissimilarity between in-group and out-group members89,155,157.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [156]
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“Esto no hace que se mida una polarización menos “real” que si se midiera desde las autoubica-ciones, ya que el mundo social se basa en percepcio-nes y, según estas, los individuos actúan (Enders y Armaly 2019: 6) y votan.”
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- Authors
- Enders, A. M., & Armaly, M. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Mississippi (US)
- Corresponding author
- Armaly, Miles T.
- Venue
- Political Behavior
- Published
- 2018-06-19
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 815-839
- ISSN
- 0190-9320 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6687
- OpenAlex
- W2809133613
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 34.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Political Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- mass polarization, perceived polarization, partisanship, voting behavior, political participation, public trust in government, political efficacy, American National Election Studies
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