How Ideology Fuels Affective Polarization
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Ideological polarization can contribute to affective or pernicious polarization.
“it may boost accountability and decrease corruption but can also contribute to the aforementioned harmful forms of polarization”
From Political polarization and corruption: A theoretical and empirical review (2024) · cites this paper as Rogowski & Sutherland, 2016
More ideological distance from a candidate or party increases affective polarization.
“This hypothesis combines findings indicating that more ideological distance from a candidate or party increases affective polarization (Rogowski & Sutherland, 2016;Harteveld, 2021;Ryan, 2023) with research on partisan bias since the ideological distance is perceived and not actual in this case.”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Rogowski & Sutherland, 2016
The more intense the sense of ideological divergence, the greater the antipathy toward the outgroups.
“In addition, the more intense the sense of ideological divergence, the greater the antipathy toward the outgroups (Rogowski & Sutherland, 2016).”
From ¿Demasiado lejos? Cómo la polarización mal percibida alimenta la polarización afectiva en España (2025) · cites this paper as Rogowski & Sutherland, 2016
Ideological polarization, sorting, and affective polarization are correlated.
“Recent work indicates that while ideological polarization, sorting, and affective polarization are correlated (Rogowski & Sutherland 2016, Bougher 2017, Webster & Abramowitz 2017), the relationship is weak, with sorting accounting for only about 5% of the variance in affective polarization (Lelkes 2018, Mason 2018a).”
From The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as Rogowski & Sutherland 2016
Ideological polarization in general, not just on specific issues or values, can drive affective polarization.
“Likewise, ideological polarization in general — not just on specific issues or values — can drive affective polarization.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
In a large-scale experiment, participants were more affectively polarized in the divergent condition, expressing more warmth towards the more extreme candidate whose ideology they shared and less warmth towards the more extreme candidate whose ideology they did not share; this effect was stronger for participants who were more interested in politics and more ideologically extreme.
“In feeling thermometer ratings, participants were more affectively polarized in the divergent condition, expressing more warmth towards the more extreme candidate whose ideology they shared and less warmth towards the more extreme candidate whose ideology they did not share. This effect was stronger for participants who were more interested in politics and more ideologically extreme themselves83.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
Several experiments have demonstrated that representing political elites as highly polarized leads participants to express higher levels of issue-based and affective polarization.
“several experiments have demonstrated that representing political elites as highly polarized (either in terms of ideological abstractions or specific issue positions) leads participants to express higher levels of issue-based and affective polarization39,83.”
From Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Rogowski, J. C., & Sutherland, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rogowski, Jon C.
- Venue
- Political Behavior
- Published
- 2015-10-28
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 485-508
- ISSN
- 0190-9320 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6687
- OpenAlex
- W1858975100
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 75.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Political Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Keywords
- affective polarization, political polarization, ideological divergence, ideological commitment, political interest, United States senators, biographical information, public opinion
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