Online professionalism and the mirror of social media.
Open accessAbstract
The rise of social media--content created by Internet users and hosted by popular sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Wikipedia, and blogs--has brought several new hazards for medical professionalism. First, many physicians may find applying principles for medical professionalism to the online environment challenging in certain contexts. Second, physicians may not consider the potential impact of their online content on their patients and the public. Third, a momentary lapse in judgment by an individual physician to create unprofessional content online can reflect poorly on the entire profession. To overcome these challenges, we encourage individual physicians to realize that as they "tread" through the World Wide Web, they leave behind a "footprint" that may have unintended negative consequences for them and for the profession at large. We also recommend that institutions take a proactive approach to engage users of social media in setting consensus-based standards for "online professionalism." Finally, given that professionalism encompasses more than the avoidance of negative behaviors, we conclude with examples of more positive applications for this technology. Much like a mirror, social media can reflect the best and worst aspects of the content placed before it for all to see.
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Academic writing frequently warns that social media dangerously crosses traditional medical boundaries.
“the academic literature replete with admonishments of how SM are dangerously breeching the old “boundary markers” of medicine: enabling all manner of distasteful content to be publically posted by medical students, residents, and other healthcare providers,7,14–17”
From Dangers and Opportunities for Social Media in Medicine (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
Patient privacy breaches can cause greater harm when they occur online than face-to-face because of social media's wide reach and the permanency of digital information.
“Patient privacy breaches can cause much greater harm when occurring online than when face-to-face given the potential wide reach of social media and the permanency of digital information.36”
From Social Media and Clinical Care: Ethical, Professional, and Social Implications (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
Professionals, including physicians, have had their professional character judged by how they represent themselves online, and physicians may be viewed in their professional role whenever they are in public, including on social media.
“Professionals, not limited to physicians, have had their professional character judged on the basis of the way they represent themselves online; 36 to some extent, physicians will be viewed in their professional role whenever they are in public, including when using social media.37”
From Social Media and Clinical Care: Ethical, Professional, and Social Implications (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
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Holden, A. C. L. (2017) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/adj.12445 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Use of Social Media by Dental Students for Communication and Learning: Two Viewpoints
de Peralta, T. L., Farrior, O. F., Flake, N., Gallagher, D., Susin, C., & Valenza, J. (2019) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.21815/jde.019.072 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Social Media and Medical Professionalism: Rethinking the Debate and the Way Forward
Fenwick, T. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000436 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Experience of using Facebook as an Educational Tool
Prescott, J., Stodart, M., Becket, G., & Wilson, S. E. (2013) · Health and Social Care Education · doi:10.11120/hsce.2013.00033 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Embracing the Podcast Era: Trends, Opportunities, & Implications for Counselors
Casares, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2020.1816865 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…it is important to recognize that the task of developing digital proficiency is an ongoing and evolving process (ACA, 2014; Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, 2015; Greysen et al., 2010; Jencius et al., 2018; Quinones, 2016; Rockinson-Szapkiw & Walker, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialOpinions of Students from a Brazilian Medical School Regarding Online Professionalism
Rocha, P. N., & de Castro, N. A. A. (2014) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2748-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Social Media: Portrait of an Emerging Tool in Medical Education
Roy, D., Taylor, J., Cheston, C. C., Flickinger, T. E., & Chisolm, M. S. (2016) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0278-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Most of these concerns are based primarily on opinion/anecdotes [9, 10], although some are based on evidence, albeit weak [11–13].”
BackgroundTeaching and Assessment of Ethics and Professionalism: A Survey of Pediatric Program Directors
Cook, A. F., Sobotka, S. A., & Ross, L. F. (2013) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Using social media effectively in a surgical practice
Antonoff, M. B. (2015) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.10.016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Social work ‘logged on’: contemporary dilemmas in an evolving ‘techno-habitat’
Ryan, D., & Garrett, P. M. (2017) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2016.1278520 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Risks and benefits of Twitter use by hematologists/oncologists in the era of digital medicine
Attai, D. J., Anderson, P. F., Fisch, M. J., Graham, D. L., Katz, M. S., Kesselheim, J. C., Markham, M. J., Pennell, N. A., Sedrak, M. S., Thompson, M. A., et al. (2017) · Seminars in Hematology · doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.08.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pediatric Clerkship Directors’ Social Networking Use and Perceptions of Online Professionalism
Kind, T., Greysen, S. R., & Chretien, K. C. (2012) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2011.12.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial media as a tool to rewrite the narrative for women in cardiothoracic surgery
Stamp, N. L., Luc, J. G. Y., Ouzounian, M., Bhatti, F., Hici, T. N., & Antonoff, M. B. (2018) · Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/icvts/ivy358 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yang, S. C., Wu, B. W., Karlis, V., & Saghezchi, S. (2020) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.08.019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Clinicians should be wary of the potential ethical and medicolegal implications associated with the undiscerning use of social media.(6,7,19) Therefore, several medical societies have issued guidelines for the appropriate utilization of social media by medical professionals and trainees(29); however, no such guideline…”
Cleary, M. L., Ferguson, C., Jackson, D. W., & Watson, R. A. (2013) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.1080/10376178.2013.11002735 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“As with all technology, there are no second chances, and a visible electronic ‘footprint’ is left with the potential for unintended and/or negative consequences (Greysen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInnovative Online Faculty Development Utilizing the Power of Social Media
Klein, M. D., Niebuhr, V. N., & D’Alessandro, D. M. (2013) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.005 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Why Can't We Be Friends? A Case-Based Analysis of Ethical Issues with Social Media in Health Care
Parsi, K. P., & Elster, N. R. (2015) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.11.peer1-1511 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Teaching Professionalism in the Digital Age on the Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service
Baer, W. M., & Schwartz, A. C. (2011) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2011.02.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Integrating Social Media into Urologic Health care: What Can We Learn from Other Disciplines?
Salem, J., Borgmann, H., & Murphy, D. G. (2016) · Current Urology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11934-015-0570-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Social media in dietetics: Insights into use and user networks
Probst, Y., & Peng, Q. (2018) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12488 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Concern was raised with regard to the impact of messages to 16 the public and patients, the application of professional medical practice to an online 17 environment and reflection of unprofessional content on the profession overall.(9) These 18 concerns have been echoed in the field of dietetics though compared with o…”
BackgroundSocial networking and professionalism in otolaryngology residency applicants
Golden, J. B., Sweeny, L., Bush, B., & Carroll, W. R. (2012) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.23388 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Blurring the boundaries: technology and the nurse-patient relationship
Aylott, M. (2011) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2011.20.13.810 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pharmacists' perceptions of professionalism on social networking sites
Benetoli, A., Chen, T. F., Schaefer, M., Chaar, B., & Aslani, P. (2017) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.05.044 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cook, W. L., & Kuhn, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04501-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Social media in travel medicine: A review
Patel, D., & Jermacane, D. (2015) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.03.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Physicians, patients, and Facebook: Could you? Would you? Should you?
Peluchette, J. V., Karl, K. A., & Coustasse, A. (2016) · Health Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07359683.2016.1166811 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Impact of Social Media on Business and Ethical Practices in Dietetics
Ayres, E. J. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Social media in low-resource settings: A role for Twitter and Facebook in global surgery?
Leow, J. J. J., Pozo, M. E., Groen, R. S., & Kushner, A. L. (2012) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2011.12.024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Twitter as a Communication Tool for Orthopedic Surgery
Franko, O. I. (2011) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/01477447-20110922-21 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Social Media as a Tool for Patient Education in Neurosurgery: An Overview
Shlobin, N. A., Patel, S., & Dahdaleh, N. S. (2022) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.054 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Williams, S. A., Terras, M., & Warwick, C. (2013) · Medicine 2 0 · doi:10.2196/med20.2269 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A preparation guide for surgical resident and student rotations to underserved regions
Leow, J. J. J., Groen, R. S., Kingham, T. P., Casey, K. M., Hardy, M. A., & Kushner, A. L. (2012) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2012.03.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ben-Yakov, M., & Snider, C. (2011) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01199.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Greysen, S. R., Kind, T., & Chretien, K. C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Children's National (US)
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Greysen, S. Ryan
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2010-07-15
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1227-1229
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC2947638
- OpenAlex
- W2163962302
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 26.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Social Media in Health Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, Medicine and Society
- Keywords
- medical professionalism, social media, online professionalism, professional conduct, physician-patient relationship, professional reputation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Online Systems, Physician-Patient Relations, Physicians, Social Behavior, Internet
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