Cited by 120Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

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Mez, Jesse, Stern, Robert A., McKee, Ann C.·2013·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11910-013-0407-7PMC PMC4550089

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Abstract

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE, previously called punch drunk and dementia pugilistica) has a rich history in the medical literature in association with boxing, but has only recently been recognized with other contact sports, such as football and ice hockey, as well as with military blast injuries. CTE is thought to be a neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated concussive and subconcussive blows to the head. There is characteristic gross and microscopic pathology found in the brain, including frontal and temporal atrophy, axonal degeneration, and hyperphosphorylated tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 pathology. Clinically, there are characteristic progressive deficits in cognition (memory, executive dysfunction), behavior (explosivity, aggression), mood (depression, suicidality), and motor function (parkinsonism), which correlate with the anatomic distribution of brain pathology. While CTE shares clinical and neuropathological traits with other neurodegenerative diseases, the clinical syndrome and the neuropathology as a whole are distinct from other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the CTE literature to date. We also draw on the literature from mild traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative dementias, particularly when these studies provide guidance for future CTE research. We conclude by suggesting seven essential areas for future CTE research.

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Authors: Mez, J., Stern, R. A., & McKee, A. C.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Mez, Jesse
ORCID: Mez, Jesse
Stern, Robert A.
McKee, Ann C.
Venue: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-10-18
Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: 407-407
ISSN: 1528-4042 (ISSN-L)
1534-6293
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0407-7
PMC: PMC4550089
OpenAlex: W2043633971
Cited by: 120
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 1.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P30AG013846, P30-AG13846))
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS007153, R01NS078337)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, repetitive head impacts, concussion, subconcussive impacts, tau hyperphosphorylation, TDP-43, axonal degeneration, cognitive impairment, executive dysfunction, parkinsonism, mild traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative dementia, contact sports, future research directions
MeSH terms: Animals, Boxing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Brain Injury, Chronic, Positron-Emission Tomography, Neuroimaging

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

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