Meditation experience is associated with lower levels of repetitive negative thinking: the key role of self-compassion
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meditation experience and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in regular meditators with a wide range of experience, and to examine the extent to which self-compassion and mindfulness mediate this relationship. RNT is a transdiagnostic process that is implicated in the development and maintenance of several mental health disorders. Converging evidence suggests that meditation practice is associated with improved mental health and may reduce levels of RNT. Increased levels of self-compassion and mindfulness have been associated with decreased levels of RNT and proposed as theoretically consistent mediators by which meditation practice exerts its beneficial effects; however, they are seldom considered in combination. In a cross-sectional design, 1281 meditators (mean age = 44.7 years, SD = 13.9, 53.7% female) completed questionnaires about meditation experience, RNT, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Linear regression and generalised structural equation models were used to examine the data. Longer duration of meditation experience was associated with lower levels of RNT and higher levels of self-compassion and mindfulness. Meditation experience was associated with RNT indirectly through self-compassion, but not through mindfulness. The results offer preliminary support for longer-term meditation as a potential means for reducing the maladaptive process of RNT. Clinically, self-compassion could be identified as a promising treatment target for interventions.
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A longer experience in meditation is associated with a reduction of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.
“and with a reduction of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (Schlosser et al., 2020).”
From Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey (2022) · cites this paper as Schlosser et al., 2020
The Discussion (page not provided) reports that more years of regular meditation practice were associated with lower levels of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). The paper does not establish a reduction over time or assess maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies broadly; its cross-sectional Limitations section cautions against attributing the observed differences to long-term meditation practice. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe variable years of practice was used to determine mindfulness experience as it was judged to be less subject to recall bias and measurement error than frequency and session length.
“The variable years of practice was used to determine mindfulness experience as it was judged to be less subject to recall bias and measurement error than frequency and session length (see Schlosser et al., 2020).”
From Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey (2022) · cites this paper as Schlosser et al., 2020
Schlosser et al. did not assess the type and severity of unpleasant meditation-related experiences.
“Nevertheless, the authors did not assess the type and severity of those experiences.”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Schlosser et al. found that 25.6% of regular meditators reported having had particular unpleasant meditation-related experiences.
“A recent larger-scale, cross-sectional online study by Schlosser et al, on unpleasant meditation-related experiences, indicated that 25.6% of regular meditators reported having had particular unpleasant meditation-related experiences.6”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Schlosser et al. indicated that repetitive thinking is positively associated with the occurrence of unpleasant meditation-related experiences.
“Schlosser et al6,14 indicated that repetitive thinking is positively associated with the occurrence of unpleasant meditation-related experiences.”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The prevalence of unpleasant meditation-related experiences found in this study is in line with rates found in previous studies using a similar open-ended question format, whereas studies using systematic monitoring found higher rates.
“Those numbers are in line with rates found in previous studies that used a similar open-ended question format,6,25–28 whereas studies using systematic monitoring of unpleasant experiences found higher rates.7,8”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
There was no significant association between practicing only deconstructive meditation types and the odds of unpleasant meditation-related experiences (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.67-3.94, P = 0.279).
“No evidence was found for significantly higher odds of people practicing only deconstructive meditation types (odds ratio 1.63, 95% CI 0.67–3.94, P = 0.279).”
From Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Schlosser, M., Jones, R., Demnitz-King, H., & Marchant, N. L.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schlosser, Marco
- Venue
- Current Psychology
- Published
- 2020-06-09
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 3144-3155
- ISSN
- 1046-1310 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-4733
- OpenAlex
- W2994933663
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (322010)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (667696)
- Alzheimer’s Society (AS-SF-15b-002)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- meditation experience, repetitive negative thinking, self-compassion, mindfulness, mediation, transdiagnostic mechanisms, mental health, meditation duration, self-compassion interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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