A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath

Blair, R

doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p

Cited by 1,529Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingPsychology of Moral and Emotional JudgmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath

Blair, R·1995·Cognition

DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p

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Abstract

Various social animal species have been noted to inhibit aggressive attacks when a conspecific displays submission cues. Blair (1993) has suggested that humans possess a functionally similar mechanism which mediates the suppression of aggression in the context of distress cues. He has suggested that this mechanism is a prerequisite for the development of the moral/conventional distinction; the consistently observed distinction in subject's judgments between moral and conventional transgressions. Psychopaths may lack this violence inhibitor. A causal model is developed showing how the lack of this mechanism would explain the core behavioural symptoms associated with the psychopathic disorder. A prediction of such a causal model would be that psychopaths should fail to make the moral/conventional distinction. This prediction was confirmed. The implication of this finding for other theories of morality is discussed.

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According to the VIM model, a selective impairment in the emotional recognition and response to distress cues, such as fearful and sad expressions, exacerbates aggression in psychopathy.
“According to the Violence Inhibition Mechanism model [VIM; (6)], a selective impairment in the emotional recognition and response to distress cues, such as fearful and sad expressions, exacerbates aggression in psychopathy (7).”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Affective empathy is implicated in the functioning of the VIM model, and selective impairment in this capacity is thought to underpin aggression at least in psychopathy.
“It is this type of empathy that is implicated in the functioning of the Violence Inhibition Mechanism model [VIM; (6)], and the selective impairment in this capacity is thought to underpin aggression at least in psychopathy (7, 34).”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [6]

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Authors: Blair, R.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Blair, R
Venue: Cognition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-10
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-29
ISSN: 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p
OpenAlex: W2068477427
Semantic Scholar: 77fef927818f9f0630bc8bf1bd893b97a2e1e099
Cited by: 1,529
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 66
FWCI: 29.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Experimental Psychology Society
University College London
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: psychopathy, moral judgment, aggression inhibition
MeSH terms: Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Morals, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

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A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath

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