Levels of processing in human memory

Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology

Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Marsh, E. J., Nathan, M. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2013) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100612453266 · Cited by 3,138

Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind

Wegner, D. M. (1987) · Theories of Group Behavior · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4634-3_9 · Cited by 2,700

A spreading activation theory of memory.

Anderson, J. R. (1983) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(83)90201-3 · Cited by 2,199

New Conceptualizations of Practice: Common Principles in Three Paradigms Suggest New Concepts for Training

Schmidt, R. A., & Bjork, R. A. (1992) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00029.x · Cited by 1,582

Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not

Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005 · Cited by 1,177

Précis of Elements of episodic memory

Tulving, E. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0004440x · Cited by 809

A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition

Magill, R. A., & Hall, K. G. (1990) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/0167-9457(90)90005-x · Cited by 701

Levels of processing: Past, present... and future?

Craik, F. I. M. (2002) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210244000135 · Cited by 692

Learning Versus Performance: An Integrative Review

Soderstrom, N. C., & Bjork, R. A. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615569000 · Cited by 651

Information Processing from Advertisements: Toward an Integrative Framework

MacInnis, D. J., & Jaworski, B. J. (1989) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298905300401 · Cited by 653

Cognitive Interdependence in Close Relationships

Wegner, D. M., Giuliano, T., & Hertel, P. T. (1985) · Compatible and Incompatible Relationships · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5044-9_12 · Cited by 647

A cognitive neuroscience account of posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment

Brewin, C. R. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00087-5 · Cited by 588

Aging and Cognitive Deficits

Craik, F. I. M., & Byrd, M. (1982) · Aging and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4178-9_11 · Cited by 566

Rethinking the Use of Tests: A Meta-Analysis of Practice Testing

Adesope, O. O., Trevisan, D. A., & Sundararajan, N. (2017) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316689306 · Cited by 544

Skill and Working Memory

Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1982) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60546-0 · Cited by 533

Incidental and Intentional Learning

Hulstijn, J. H. (2003) · The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1002/9780470756492.ch12 · Cited by 532

Retention of Inferred and Given Word Meanings: Experiments in Incidental Vocabulary Learning

Hulstijn, J. H. (1992) · Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12396-4_11 · Cited by 497

A metacognitive view of individual differences in self-regulated learning

Winne, P. H. (1996) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s1041-6080(96)90022-9 · Cited by 486

Personal semantics: at the crossroads of semantic and episodic memory

Renoult, L., Davidson, P. S. R., Palombo, D. J., Moscovitch, M., & Levine, B. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.003 · Cited by 391

Scene Memory Is More Detailed Than You Think: The Role of Categories in Visual Long-Term Memory

Konkle, T., Brady, T. F., Alvarez, G. A., & Oliva, A. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610385359 · Cited by 356

Effects of Physical Guidance and Knowledge of Results on Motor Learning: Support for the Guidance Hypothesis

Winstein, C. J., Pohl, P. S., & Lewthwaite, R. (1994) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1994.10607635 · Cited by 264

The dialogic mind: a dialogic approach to the higher mental functions

Fernyhough, C. (1996) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/0732-118x(95)00024-b · Cited by 189

Causal coherence and memory for events in narratives

Black, J. B., & Bern, H. (1981) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(81)90417-5 · Cited by 170

The effects of experimental variables on the perception of American English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese listeners

Yamada, R. A., & Tohkura, Y. (1992) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03206698 · Cited by 161

Optimizing summary knowledge of results for skill learning

Schmidt, R. A., Lange, C., & Young, D. E. (1990) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/0167-9457(90)90007-z · Cited by 150

List learning of second language vocabulary

Griffin, G., & Harley, T. A. (1996) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400008195 · Cited by 129

Are two heads better than one? Experimental investigations of the social facilitation of memory

Meudell, P. R., Hitch, G. J., & Kirby, P. (1992) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2350060606 · Cited by 106

Accessing the particular from the general: The power of distinctiveness in the context of organization

Hunt, R. R., & Smith, R. E. (1996) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03200882 · Cited by 100

Judgments of learning (JOLs) selectively improve memory depending on the type of test

Myers, S. J., Rhodes, M. G., & Hausman, H. E. (2020) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-020-01025-5 · Cited by 76

A theoretical review and meta-analysis of the description-identification relationship in memory for faces

Meissner, C. A., Sporer, S. L., & Susa, K. J. (2008) · European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541440701728581 · Cited by 73

Optimal learning strategies and their spontaneous use: The importance of task-appropriate processing

McDaniel, M. A., & Kearney, E. M. (1984) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198296 · Cited by 62

An Individual Differences Perspective: Implications for Cognitive Research in Gerontology

Hertzog, C. (1985) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027585007001002 · Cited by 58

Does Multitasking Impair Studying? Depends on Timing

Pashler, H., Kang, S. H. K., & Ip, R. Y. (2013) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2919 · Cited by 51

The role of episodic memory in semantic learning: An examination of vocabulary acquisition in a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis

Verfaellie, M., Croce, P., & Milberg, W. P. (1995) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554799508402374 · Cited by 51

Applying contextual interference to the Pawlata roll

Smith, P. J. K., & Davies, M. (1995) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640419508732262 · Cited by 45

Being Suspicious of the Sense of Ease and Undeterred by the Sense of Difficulty: Looking Back at Schmidt and Bjork (1992)

Bjork, R. A. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617690642 · Cited by 43

Theoretical Issues concerning Superiority of Pictures over Words and Sentences in Memory

Kobayashi, S. (1986) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.783 · Cited by 43

Learning to read words: Individual differences in developmental sequences

Knight, C. C., & Fischer, K. W. (1992) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0193-3973(92)90037-i · Cited by 35

Procedural Memory and Skill Acquisition

Johnson, A. (2003) · Handbook of Psychology · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0418 · Cited by 29

The “pure-study” learning curve: the learning curve without cumulative testing

Roediger, H. L., & Smith, M. A. (2012) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0213-5 · Cited by 24

Cognition, Memory, and Education

McDaniel, M. A., & Callender, A. A. (2008) · Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00145-5 · Cited by 22

Vasopressin and cognitive processes: Two event-related potential studies

Naumann, E., Bartussek, D., Kaiser, W., & Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G. (1991) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(91)90223-c · Cited by 15

Structure and Process in Life‐Span Cognitive Development

Bialystok, E., & Craik, F. I. M. (2010) · The Handbook of Life‐Span Development · doi:10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd001007 · Cited by 8