Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin (IL)-4 receptor-α expression and corresponding sensitivity to the M2 promoting effects of IL-4 are impaired in microglia of aged mice
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In several models of aging, microglia become more inflammatory and reactive to immune challenges. For example, peripheral LPS injection causes exaggerated microglial activation associated with prolonged sickness and depressive-like behavior in aged BALB/c mice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which age-related amplified microglial activation was associated with reduced sensitivity to the anti-inflammatory and M2 promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4. In initial studies with adult mice, LPS induced a time-dependent increase in M1 and M2 mRNA profiles in microglia. Furthermore, peripheral LPS injection markedly increased surface expression of IL-4 receptor-alpha (IL-4Rα), but not IL-10 receptor-1 (IL-10R1) on microglia. In BV-2 cells, IL-4, but not IL-10, re-directed LPS-activated microglia towards an M2 phenotype. Based on these findings, comparisons of M1 and M2 activation profiles, induction of IL-4Rα, and sensitivity to IL-4 were determined in microglia from adult (3-4 mo) and aged (18-22 mo) mice. In aged microglia, LPS promoted an exaggerated and prolonged M1 and M2 profile compared to adults. Moreover, IL-4Rα protein was not increased on aged microglia following LPS injection. To determine the consequence of impaired IL-4Rα upregulation, adult and aged mice were injected with LPS and activated microglia were then isolated and treated ex vivo with IL-4. While ex vivo IL-4 induced an M2 profile in activated microglia from adult mice, activated microglia from aged mice retained a prominent M1 profile. These data indicate that activated microglia from aged mice are less sensitive to the anti-inflammatory and M2-promoting effects of IL-4.
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Aged mice fail to upregulate IL-4Rα in response to LPS and do not elicit an alternative (regulatory) immune response to ex vivo IL-4.
“Aged mice failed to upregulate IL-4Rα in response to LPS, and did not elicit an alternative (regulatory) immune response to ex vivo IL-4 (Fenn et al, 2012).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Fenn et al, 2012
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- Authors
- Fenn, A. M., Henry, C. J., Huang, Y., Dugan, A., & Godbout, J. P.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Godbout, Jonathan P.
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 766-777
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3288757
- OpenAlex
- W1987015752
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG033028)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- microglia, aging, lipopolysaccharide, IL-4, IL-4 receptor alpha, M2 microglia, M1 microglia, IL-10, IL-10 receptor 1, microglial activation, anti-inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammation, aged mice
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Cell Separation, Cells, Cultured, Flow Cytometry, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophage Activation, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Receptors, Cell Surface, RNA, Interleukin-4, Microglia, Mice, Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit, Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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