Ligandability of E3 Ligases for Targeted Protein Degradation Applications
Open accessAbstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) using proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glue degraders has arisen as a powerful therapeutic modality for eliminating disease-causing proteins from cells. PROTACs and molecular glue degraders employ heterobifunctional or monovalent small molecules, respectively, to chemically induce the proximity of target proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligases to ubiquitinate and degrade specific proteins via the proteasome. Whereas TPD is an attractive therapeutic strategy for expanding the druggable proteome, only a relatively small number of E3 ligases out of the >600 E3 ligases encoded by the human genome have been exploited by small molecules for TPD applications. Here we review the existing E3 ligases that have thus far been successfully exploited for TPD and discuss chemoproteomics-enabled covalent screening strategies for discovering new E3 ligase recruiters. We also provide a chemoproteomic map of reactive cysteines within hundreds of E3 ligases that may represent potential ligandable sites that can be pharmacologically interrogated to uncover additional E3 ligase recruiters.
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The high proportion of E3 ligases with reactive cysteines suggests that covalent approaches to harness more E3 ligases could continue to be successful.
“suggesting that covalent approaches to harness more E3 ligases could continue to be successful194.”
From Advances in covalent drug discovery (2022) · cites this paper as [194]
Analyses of chemoproteomic data sets assessing cysteine reactivity indicate that 97% of E3 ligases possess reactive cysteines.
“On the basis of analyses of chemoproteomic data sets assessing cysteine reactivity, 97% of E3 ligases possess reactive cysteines”
From Advances in covalent drug discovery (2022) · cites this paper as [194]
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Mészáros, B., Kumar, M., Gibson, T. J., Uyar, B., & Dosztányi, Z. (2017) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aak9982 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Covalent Ligand Discovery against Druggable Hotspots Targeted by Anti-cancer Natural Products
Grossman, E. A., Ward, C. C., Spradlin, J. N., Bateman, L. A., Huffman, T. R., Miyamoto, D. K., Kleinman, J. I., & Nomura, D. K. (2017) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.013 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationManumycin polyketides act as molecular glues between UBR7 and P53
Isobe, Y., Okumura, M., McGregor, L. M., Brittain, S. M., Jones, M. D., Liang, X., White, R., Forrester, W., McKenna, J. M., Tallarico, J. A., et al. (2020) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-0557-2 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationA Nimbolide-Based Kinase Degrader Preferentially Degrades Oncogenic BCR-ABL
Tong, B., Spradlin, J. N., Novaes, L. F. T., Zhang, E., Hu, X., Moeller, M., Brittain, S. M., McGregor, L. M., McKenna, J. M., Tallarico, J. A., et al. (2020) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.0c00348 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationChemoproteomic Screening of Covalent Ligands Reveals UBA5 As a Novel Pancreatic Cancer Target
Roberts, A. M., Miyamoto, D. K., Huffman, T. R., Bateman, L. A., Ives, A. N., Akopian, D., Heslin, M. J., Contreras, C. M., Rapé, M., Skibola, C. F., et al. (2017) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.7b00020 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationLiganding Functional Tyrosine Sites on Proteins Using Sulfur–Triazole Exchange Chemistry
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Mapping Proteome-wide Targets of Glyphosate in Mice
Ford, B., Bateman, L. A., Gutierrez-Palominos, L., Park, R., & Nomura, D. K. (2017) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.013 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo target protein degradation induced by PROTACs based on E3 ligase DCAF15
Li, L., Mi, D., Pei, H., Duan, Q., Wang, X., Zhou, W., Jin, J., Li, D., Liu, M., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00245-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Parthenolide Covalently Targets and Inhibits Focal Adhesion Kinase in Breast Cancer Cells
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Self-citationSelective Degradation of GSPT1 by Cereblon Modulators Identified via a Focused Combinatorial Library
Powell, C. E., Du, G., Che, J., He, Z., Donovan, K. A., Yue, H., Wang, E. S., Nowak, R. P., Zhang, T., Fischer, E. S., et al. (2020) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.0c00520 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Development of target protein-selective degradation inducer for protein knockdown
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Targeted Degradation of the Oncogenic MicroRNA 17-92 Cluster by Structure-Targeting Ligands
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New strategy for renal fibrosis: Targeting Smad3 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation
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Proteostasis regulation by the ubiquitin system
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Self-citationMita, M., Kelly, K. R., Mita, A., Ricart, A. D., Romero, O., Tolcher, A., Hook, L., Okereke, C., Krivelevich, I., Rossignol, D. P., et al. (2011) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Use of PROTACS as molecular probes of angiogenesis
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Chemoproteomics-Enabled Covalent Ligand Screening Reveals ALDH3A1 as a Lung Cancer Therapy Target
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Self-citationDeubiquitinase-Targeting Chimeras for Targeted Protein StabilizationPreprint
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Self-citationCho, H., Shen, Q. “., Zhang, L. H., Okumura, M., Kawakami, A., Ambrose, J., Sigoillot, F. D., Miller, H., Gleim, S., Cobos‐Correa, A., et al. (2021) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationRoberts, L. S., Yan, P., Bateman, L. A., & Nomura, D. K. (2017) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.6b01159 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Advances in covalent drug discovery
Boike, L., Henning, N. J., & Nomura, D. K. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00542-z · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein degraders enter the clinic — a new approach to cancer therapy
Chirnomas, D., Hornberger, K. R., & Crews, C. M. (2023) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00736-3 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Payne, N. C., Maksoud, S., Tannous, B. A., & Mazitschek, R. (2022) · Cell Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.05.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Belcher, B. P., Ward, C. C., & Nomura, D. K.
- Affiliations
- Innovative Genomics Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nomura, Daniel K.
- Venue
- Biochemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2021-09-02
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 588-600
- ISSN
- 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4995
- PMC
- PMC8928483
- OpenAlex
- W3197828497
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 24
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Novartis Repository (Novartis) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mark Foundation For Cancer Research
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies
- Nomura Research Group
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- targeted protein degradation, E3 ubiquitin ligase, PROTACs, molecular glues, chemoproteomics, reactive cysteines, druggable proteome, proteasomal degradation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Ubiquitination, Proteolysis
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