Ascending projections from the caudal visceral nucleus of the solitary tract to brain regions involved in food intake and energy expenditure

Rinaman, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.059

Cited by 311Regulation of Appetite and ObesityGastrointestinal motility and disordersNeuroscience of respiration and sleep

Ascending projections from the caudal visceral nucleus of the solitary tract to brain regions involved in food intake and energy expenditure

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Rinaman, Linda·2010·Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.059PMC PMC2909454

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Abstract

Metabolic homeostasis reflects the complex output of endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral control circuits that extend throughout the central nervous system. Brain regions that control food intake and energy expenditure are privy to continuous visceral sensory feedback signals that presumably modulate appetite, satiety, digestion, and metabolism. Sensory signals from the gastrointestinal tract and associated digestive viscera are delivered to the brain primarily by vagal afferents that terminate centrally within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), with signals subsequently relayed to higher brain regions by parallel noradrenergic and peptidergic projection pathways arising within the NST. This article begins with an overview of these ascending pathways identified in adult rats using a standard anterograde tracer microinjected into the caudal visceral sensory region of the NST, and also by immunocytochemical localization of glucagon-like peptide-1. NST projection targets identified by these two approaches are compared to the distribution of neurons that become infected after inoculating the ventral stomach wall with a neurotropic virus that transneuronally infects synaptically-linked chains of neurons in the anterograde (i.e., ascending sensory) direction. Although the focus of this article is the anatomical organization of axonal projections from the caudal visceral NST to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain, discussion is included regarding the hypothesized role of these projections in modulating behavioral arousal and coordinating endocrine and behavioral (i.e., hypophagic) responses to stress.

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Information from the NTS is relayed to other brainstem nuclei and forebrain structures.
“From there Information is relayed to other brainstem nuclei and forebrain structures (Rinaman, 2010).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Rinaman, 2010
VTA and/or NAc neurons express receptors for GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, orexin, and melanocortin.
“neurons in the VTA and/or NAc express GLP-1 (24,25), ghrelin (26,27), leptin (28,29), insulin (30), orexin (31) and melanocortin receptors (32).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
VTA and/or NAc neurons express receptors for GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, orexin, and melanocortin.
“Moreover, neurons in VTA and/or nucleus accumbens (NAc) express glucagon-like peptide-1 (11,12), ghrelin (13,14), leptin (15,16), insulin (17), orexin (18), and melanocortin receptors (19).”
From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors: Rinaman, L.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Rinaman, Linda
ORCID: Rinaman, Linda
Venue: Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 1350
Pages: 18-34
ISSN: 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.059
PMC: PMC2909454
OpenAlex: W2000379434
Cited by: 311
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 1.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (MH59911)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Keywords: ascending projections, dietary intake, energy expenditure, vagal afferents, hypothalamus, limbic forebrain, glucagon-like peptide-1, anterograde tracing, neurotropic viruses, behavioral arousal, metabolic homeostasis
MeSH terms: Animals, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Hypothalamus, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Solitary Nucleus, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

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Ascending projections from the caudal visceral nucleus of the solitary tract to brain regions involved in food intake and energy expenditure

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