Cited by 925Epigenetics and DNA MethylationCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 134 of the 136 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet; none of the 142 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Influence of Metabolism on Epigenetics and Disease

Open access

Abstract

Chemical modifications of histones and DNA, such as histone methylation, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, play critical roles in epigenetic gene regulation. Many of the enzymes that add or remove such chemical modifications are known, or might be suspected, to be sensitive to changes in intracellular metabolism. This knowledge provides a conceptual foundation for understanding how mutations in the metabolic enzymes SDH, FH, and IDH can result in cancer and, more broadly, for how alterations in metabolism and nutrition might contribute to disease. Here, we review literature pertinent to hypothetical connections between metabolic and epigenetic states in eukaryotic cells.

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Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.004

Cites

134 of 135 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

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Claims the paper makes

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  • It may state two separate claims as one. 28
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 9
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
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  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Histone and DNA chemical modifications are central to epigenetic control of gene expression.

    “Chemical modifications of histones and DNA, such as histone methylation, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, play critical roles in epigenetic gene regulation.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Cancer can arise from mutations in the metabolic enzymes SDH, FH, and IDH.

    “This knowledge provides a conceptual foundation for understanding how mutations in the metabolic enzymes SDH, FH, and IDH can result in cancer”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Both histone and DNA methylation require SAM as the high-energy methyl donor.

    “Both histone and DNA methylation require SAM as the high-energy methyl donor (Figure 3).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    FAD is derived from riboflavin and functions as a prosthetic group for certain oxidation-reduction enzymes.

    “Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is derived from the vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B2) and functions as the prosthetic group for certain oxidation-reduction enzymes.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Riboflavin is phosphorylated by riboflavin kinase to FMN, which is converted to FAD by FAD synthetase.

    “Riboflavin is phosphorylated by riboflavin kinase to generate riboflavin 5′-phosphate (sometimes called flavin monucleotide or FMN), which is then converted to FAD by FAD synthetase (also called FMN adenyl-transferase).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Riboflavin kinase appears rate limiting for FAD production.

    “The former enzyme appears to be rate limiting for FAD production.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    FAD is produced in mitochondria.

    “FAD is produced in mitochondria.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases require oxygen and Fe(II) in addition to 2-oxoglutarate.

    “2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases require oxygen and Fe (II) in addition to 2-oxoglutarate (also called α-ketoglutarate).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    2-oxoglutarate is decarboxylated to succinate during the oxidation reaction.

    “The latter metabolite is decarboxylated to succinate during the oxidation reaction (Figure 5).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These enzymes are sensitive to reactive oxygen species and their activity is enhanced by ascorbic acid.

    “These enzymes are also sensitive to reactive oxygen species and their activity is enhanced in the presence of ascorbic acid.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    HIF synthesis is influenced by the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway sensing nutrients, while its degradation is controlled by EglN prolyl hydroxylases responding to oxygen and Krebs cycle intermediates.

    “HIF synthesis is influenced by the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which senses nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, while its degradation is under the control of the EglN prolyl hydroxylases, which respond to changes in oxygen and different Krebs cycle intermediates (Figure 6A).”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    2-oxoglutarate is produced from isocitrate in mitochondria by IDH2 and IDH3 in the TCA cycle and can also be generated from several amino acids including arginine, proline, histidine, and glutamine.

    “2-oxoglutarate is produced from isocitrate in the mitochondria by the action of isocitrate dehydrogenases 2 and 3 (IDH2 and IDH3) in the TCA cycle and can also be generated from several amino acids including arginine, proline, histidine, and glutamine, which can be converted to glutamic acid and transaminated to produce 2-oxoglutarate.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    2-oxoglutarate generated in the TCA cycle is converted to succinyl CoA by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and is consumed during conversion of cysteine and lysine to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA.

    “2-oxoglutarate generated in the course of the TCA cycle is converted to succinyl CoA by the action of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and is also consumed during the conversion of cysteine and lysine to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, respectively.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    2-oxoglutarate generated in mitochondria can enter the cytosol via specific transporters such as the malate-2-oxoglutarate antiporter.

    “2-oxoglutarate generated in the mitochondria can enter the cytosol, either as 2-oxoglutarate or after transamination to produce glutamic acid, via specific transporter proteins such as the malate-2-oxoglutarate antiporter, which participates in the malate-aspartate shuttle.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IDH1 resides in the cytosol and peroxisomes and provides an alternative source for nonmitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate.

    “A third IDH paralog, IDH1, resides in the cytosol and peroxisomes and provides an alternative source for nonmitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Altered epigenetics is believed to play a part in diseases including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and neurodegeneration.

    “Altered epigenetics is believed to play a part in a variety of diseases in addition to cancer, including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and neurodegeneration.”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Diet influences one-carbon metabolism, which plays an important role in DNA and histone methylation and in disease risk.

    “In this regard, particular attention has been paid to the influence of diet on one-carbon metabolism, which plays an important role in DNA and histone methylation and in risk of disease.”
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  • Threonine-sensitive histone mark changes from H3K4me3 to H3K3me3

    Minor

    One passage identifies H3K4me3 as a mark whose deposition is impaired by threonine restriction, but the next identifies H3K3me3 as the mark that disappears alongside H3K4me2. The two passages give different identities for the affected mark.

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Metadata

Authors
Kaelin, W. G., & McKnight, S. L.
Affiliations
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
  • Kaelin, William G.
  • McKnight, Steven L.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-03
Volume
153
Issue
1
Pages
56-69
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2035010201
Cited by
920
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 89 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 32
FWCI
8.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA068490, R01CA076120)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords
metabolism, epigenetics, histone methylation, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, cancer, nutrition and disease
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Animals, Disease, Histones, Humans, Metabolism, Methylation, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic

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