Occurrence and sources of perfluoroalkyl acids in Italian river basins
Abstract
This paper presents a survey on the occurrence and sources of 11 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in the main river basins in Italy, covering about 40% of the Italian surface area and 45% of the Italian population. Total concentrations of PFAA ranged from<LOD to 8μgL(-1), the highest concentrations being measured in the rivers impacted by industrial discharges. Among the rivers directly flowing into the sea, Brenta, Po and Arno present significant concentrations, while concentrations in Tevere and Adige, which are not impacted by relevant industrial activities, are almost all below the detection limits. The total estimated PFAA load of the five rivers was 7.5ty(-1) with the following percentage distribution: 39% PFBS, 32% PFOA, 22% short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), 6% PFOS and 1% long chain PFCA. PFOA and PFOS loads, evaluated in the present work, represent 10% and 2% of the estimated European loads, respectively. In Italy the most important sources of PFAA are two chemical plants which produce fluorinated polymers and intermediates, sited in the basin of rivers Po and Brenta, respectively, whose overall emission represents 57% of the total estimated PFAA load. Both rivers flow into the Adriatic Sea, raising concern for the marine ecosystem also because a significant PFOS load (0.3ty(-1)) is still present. Among the remaining activities, tanneries and textile industries are relevant sources of respectively PFBS and PFOA, together with short chain PFCA. As an example, the total PFAA load (0.12ty(-1)) from the textile district of Prato is equivalent to the estimated domestic emission of the whole population in all the studied basins.
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PFAS have been widely reported in European surface water, sediment, and biota.
“Across Europe, PFAS have been widely reported in surface water, sediment, and biota [6,7,8,9].”
From Integrated Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflow for Identifying PFAS of Concern in Urban-Impacted Serbian Rivers (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Valsecchi, S., Rusconi, M., Mazzoni, M., Viviano, G., Pagnotta, R., Zaghi, C., Serrini, G., & Polesello, S.
- Affiliations
- Water Research Institute (IT)
- Ministry of the Environment and Protection of Land and Sea (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Polesello, Stefano
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 129
- Pages
- 126-134
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089787898
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, PFBS, perfluorocarboxylic acids, river pollution, industrial discharge, tanneries, textile industry, source apportionment, Adriatic Sea
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Italy, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Rivers
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