Polyfluorinated compounds in waste water treatment plant effluents and surface waters along the River Elbe, Germany
Abstract
Polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters of the River Elbe from samples collected in 2007. Concentrations of various PFCs, including C(4)-C(8) perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), C(6) and C(8) perfluorinated sulfinates, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, C(5)-C(13) perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C(4) and C(8) perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 unsaturated fluorotelomercarboxylic acids were quantified. Sum PFC concentrations of the river water ranged from 7.6 to 26.4ngL(-1), whereas sum PFC concentrations of WWTP effluents were approximately 5-10 times higher (30.5-266.3ngL(-1)), indicating that WWTPs are potential sources of PFCs in the marine environment. PFC patterns of different WWTP effluents varied depending on the origin of the waste water, whereas the profile of PFC composition in the river water was relatively constant. In both kinds of water samples, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the major PFC, whereas perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was the predominant PFSA.
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Environmental samples with higher percentages of PFCAs have been attributed to sources including fluoropolymer manufacturing, landfills, and WWTP effluent.
“As discussed, environmental samples with higher percentages of PFCAs have been attributed to sources including fluoropolymer manufacturing, landfills, and WWTP effluent (Ahrens et al. 2009; Arvaniti and Stasinakis 2015; Bach et al. 2017; Dauchy et al. 2012; Houtz et al. 2016; Oliaei et al. 2013; Weber et al. 2017), which all have relevance to surface water scenarios.”
From Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrens et al. 2009
PFCAs in prior studies of WWTP comprised a median value of 75% of total PFASs.
“PFCAs in prior studies of WWTP comprised a median value of 75% of total PFASs (Ahrens et al. 2009).”
From Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrens et al. 2009
In prior studies of WWTP effluent, 88% of PFAS detections were below the MRLs for the respective UCMR3 compounds.
“In prior studies of WWTP effluent, 88% of PFAS detections were below the MRLs for the respective UCMR3 compounds (Ahrens et al. 2009).”
From Evaluation of a national data set for insights into sources, composition, and concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrens et al. 2009
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- Authors
- Ahrens, L., Felizeter, S., Sturm, R., Xie, Z., & Ebinghaus, R.
- Affiliations
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ahrens, Lutz
- Venue
- Marine Pollution Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1326-1333
- ISSN
- 0025-326X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070752392
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 11.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Marine Pollution Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Materialforschung und kustenforschung (The Helmholtz Center Geesthacht) (submittedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- polyfluorinated compounds, wastewater treatment plant effluent, Elbe River, surface water contamination, perfluorinated sulfonates, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFBS, fluorotelomer sulfonates, fluorotelomer carboxylic acids, marine pollution
- MeSH terms
- Caprylates, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Germany, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Rivers
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