Mitochondrial SIRT3 mediates adaptive responses of neurons to exercise and metabolic and excitatory challenges
Open accessAbstract
The impact of mitochondrial protein acetylation status on neuronal function and vulnerability to neurological disorders is unknown. Here we show that the mitochondrial protein deacetylase SIRT3 mediates adaptive responses of neurons to bioenergetic, oxidative, and excitatory stress. Cortical neurons lacking SIRT3 exhibit heightened sensitivity to glutamate-induced calcium overload and excitotoxicity and oxidative and mitochondrial stress; AAV-mediated Sirt3 gene delivery restores neuronal stress resistance. In models relevant to Huntington's disease and epilepsy, Sirt3(-/-) mice exhibit increased vulnerability of striatal and hippocampal neurons, respectively. SIRT3 deficiency results in hyperacetylation of several mitochondrial proteins, including superoxide dismutase 2 and cyclophilin D. Running wheel exercise increases the expression of Sirt3 in hippocampal neurons, which is mediated by excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission and is essential for mitochondrial protein acetylation homeostasis and the neuroprotective effects of running. Our findings suggest that SIRT3 plays pivotal roles in adaptive responses of neurons to physiological challenges and resistance to degeneration.
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SIRT1 consumes NAD+ to regulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and mitochondrial homeostasis via balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy and adaptive neuronal responses to exercise and metabolic/excitatory challenges.
“For example, SIRT1 consumes NAD+ to regulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and mitochondrial homeostasis via the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy and adaptive responses of neurons to exercise and metabolic/excitatory challenges (Bonkowski and Sinclair, 2016; Cheng et al., 2016; Fang, 2019).”
From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Cheng et al., 2016
In neurons, SIRT3 mediates adaptive responses to exercise, intermittent fasting, and excitatory challenges and helps prevent noise-induced hearing loss and spiral ganglia neurite degeneration.
“In neurons, SIRT3 mediates the adaptive responses of neurons to exercise, intermittent fasting, and excitatory challenges and helps prevent noise-induced hearing loss and spiral ganglia neurite degeneration (Brown et al., 2014; Cheng et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2019).”
From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Cheng et al., 2016
SIRT3 attenuates cell death after excitotoxic stress and mediates the protective effect of exercise against such stress, possibly via deacetylation of cyclophilin D.
“Similarly, SIRT3 function has been shown to attenuate cell death after excitotoxic stress, and mediates the protective effect of exercise against such stress ((Cheng et al. 2016)), possibly via deacetylation of cyclophilin D ((Cheng et al. 2016),(Amigo et al. 2017)).”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Cheng et al. 2016
SIRT3 plays a key role in adaptive responses to stress.
“This fits with the larger paradigm of SIRT3 playing a key role in adaptive responses to stress ((Cheng et al. 2016))”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Cheng et al. 2016
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- Authors
- Cheng, A., Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., Maharana, C., Lu, D., Peng, W., Liu, Y., Wan, R., Marosi, K., Misiak, M., Bohr, V. A., & Mattson, M. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Wuhan University (CN)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Aiwu
- Mattson, Mark P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 128-142
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5141613
- OpenAlex
- W2221731984
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 14.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- SIRT3, mitochondrial protein acetylation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, striatal neurons, hippocampal neurons, physical activity, glutamatergic neurotransmission, manganese superoxide dismutase, cyclophilin D, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Calcium, Cells, Cultured, Energy Metabolism, Hippocampus, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Running, Stress, Physiological, Neostriatum, Mice, Knockout, Mitochondrial Proteins, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Sirtuin 3, Protective Factors
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