Distinct neural processes are engaged in the modulation of mimicry by social group-membership and emotional expressions
Abstract
People often spontaneously engage in copying each other's postures and mannerisms, a phenomenon referred to as behavioral mimicry. Social psychology experiments indicate that mimicry denotes an implicit affiliative signal flexibly regulated in response to social requirements. Yet, the mediating processes and neural underpinnings of such regulation are largely unexplored. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined mimicry regulation by combining an automatic imitation task with facial stimuli, varied on two social-affective dimensions: emotional expression (angry vs happy) and ethnic group membership (in- vs out-group). Behavioral data revealed increased mimicry when happy and when out-group faces were shown. Imaging results revealed that mimicry regulation in response to happy faces was associated with increased activation in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), right dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Mimicry regulation in response to out-group faces was related to increased activation in the left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral anterior insula, and mid-cingulate cortex (MCC). We suggest that mimicry in response to happy and to out-group faces is driven by distinct affiliative goals, and that mimicry regulation to attain these goals is mediated by distinct neuro-cognitive processes. Higher mimicry in response to happy faces seems to denote reciprocation of an affiliative signal. Higher mimicry in response to out-group faces, reflects an appeasement attempt towards an interaction partner perceived as threatening (an interpretation supported by implicit measures showing that out-group members are more strongly associated with threat). Our findings show that subtle social cues can result in the implicit regulation of mimicry. This regulation serves to achieve distinct affiliative goals, is mediated by different regulatory processes, and relies on distinct parts of an overarching network of task-related brain areas. Our findings shed new light on the neural mechanisms underlying the interplay between implicit action control and social cognition.
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Two instead of four consecutive frames were used to minimize the influence of overlapping ERP components caused by rapidly changing multiple frames.
“Two instead of four consecutive frames were used in this experiment (compared with previous studies (Rauchbauer et al., 2015(Rauchbauer et al., , 2016) ) to minimize the influence of overlapping ERP components caused by rapidly changing multiple frames (see also Rauchbauer et al., 2018).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Rauchbauer et al., 2015
Error rates were extremely low in previous Social-Affective Mimicry Task studies, leaving not enough trials for a reliable investigation of the error-related negativity component.
“We focused on the CRN variation because error rates were extremely low in our previous SAMT studies (Rauchbauer et al., 2015(Rauchbauer et al., , 2016)), leaving not enough trials for a reliable investigation of the ERN component (Olvet & Hajcak, 2009).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Rauchbauer et al., 2015
Automatic imitation has been shown to be modulated by social context cues.
“Automatic imitation has been shown to be modulated by social context cues (see e.g.3–11)”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
Stimuli were presented using two consecutive frames to simulate finger lifting movement, to minimise the influence of ERP component overlap induced by rapidly changing frames in the EEG/ERP signal.
“Stimuli were presented using two consecutive frames to simulate finger lifting movement (as opposed to the set-up of the SAMT used in7,8 using 4 frames) to minimise the influence of ERP component overlap induced by rapidly changing frames in the EEG/ERP signal (Fig. 1).”
From Event-related potentials of automatic imitation are modulated by ethnicity during stimulus processing, but not during motor execution (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
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“This is also in line with recent findings by Rauchbauer and colleagues [22] revealing distinct neural processes underlying enhanced mimicry towards out-group members (presumably reflecting mimicry for appeasement) than towards in-group members (presumably reflecting mimicry for reciprocating affiliative intent).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Rauchbauer, B., Majdandžić, J., Hummer, A., Windischberger, C., & Lamm, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Lamm, Claus
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 49-67
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035596437
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 14.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Viennese Science and Technology Fund (CS11-005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- behavioral mimicry, automatic imitation, emotional expression, facial expressions, ethnic group membership, appeasement, threat perception, temporoparietal junction, dorsal premotor cortex, ventral premotor cortex, anterior insula, midcingulate cortex, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Parietal Lobe, Social Behavior, Social Identification, Social Perception, Temporal Lobe, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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