Assessing the effect of school days and absences on test score performance
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Available research on summer learning deficits, student absenteeism, and extreme weather events suggests that learning progress in mathematics is more dependent on formal instruction than in reading.
“Available research on summer learning deficits 17,25 , student absenteeism 26,27 and extreme weather events 28 suggests that learning progress in mathematics is more dependent on formal instruction than in reading.”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on learning during the COVID-19 pandemic (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Aucejo and Romano (2016) and Gershenson, Jacknowitz, and Brannegan (2017) show that individual absences have significantly worse effects on the outcomes of low-income students.
“and Aucejo and Romano (2016) and Gershenson, Jacknowitz, and Brannegan (2017) show that individual absences have significantly worse effects on the outcomes of low-income students.”
From Educational Inequality* (2022) · cites this paper as Aucejo and Romano (2016)
Aucejo and Romano (2016) suggest that individual absences have more adverse effects than do shocks affecting an entire class.
“They arrive at similar conclusions, suggesting that individual absences have more adverse effects than do shocks affecting an entire class.”
From Educational Inequality* (2022) · cites this paper as Aucejo and Romano (2016)
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Projecting the Potential Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement
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“However, two studies have indicated that low-income students suffer more from school absences than their wealthier peers (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
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“While Aucejo and Romano (2016), Gershenson et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2020) consistently report effect sizes of .”
BackgroundSuffering in silence: How COVID-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment
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“Previous studies have shown that summer learning loss (Atteberry and McEachin, 2020), weather-related school closures (Goodman, 2014), teacher strikes (Belot andWebbink, 2010; Juame andWillén, 2019), and absenteeism (Aucejo and Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017) can significantly reduce student test scores and fut…”
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Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?
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Linking Teacher Quality, Student Attendance, and Student Achievement
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The short- and long-run impacts of secondary school absences
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Do Suspensions Affect Student Outcomes?
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School Absenteeism and Academic Achievement: Does the Reason for Absence Matter?
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“…findings align with previous research in the U.S. context showing that children’s overall school absences during a school year are negatively associated with academic achievement (e.g., Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gottfried, 2010, 2011; Gottfried & Kirksey, 2017; Kirksey, 2019; Morrissey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultThe Effects of Absenteeism on Academic and Social-Emotional Outcomes: Lessons for COVID-19
Santibáñez, L., & Guarino, C. M. (2021) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x21994488 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Using data from elementary students in North Carolina, Aucejo and Romano (2016) find that being absent for 10 days from school would reduce test scores by about 0.03 SD in ELA and 0.06 SD in mathematics.”
MethodInfluentialA new program to prevent primary school absenteeism: results of a pilot study in five schools
Cook, P. J., Dodge, K. A., Gifford, E. J., & Schulting, A. B. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.017 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“…grades, lower test scores, grade retention, school disengagement, delinquency, substance abuse, expulsion, and, ultimately, high school dropout (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson, Jacknowitz, & Brannegan, 2017; Kearney, 2008).1 Throughout the school career, chronic absenteeism tends to be…”
Increased instruction hours and the widening gap in student performance
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The Impact of COVID-19 on a Fragile Education System: The Case of South Africa
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“Similar stories apply to time spent in school, instructional time, and time spent doing homework (Aucejo & Romano, 2014; Csikszentmihalyi & Hunter, 2003; Falch & Rønning, 2012; Gustafsson, 2013; Kuehn & Landeras, 2012; Lavy, 2015; Rivkin & Schiman, 2015; Warton, 2001).”
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“Student absenteeism also negatively affects standardized test scores, particularly for core classes (e.g., English, math), later grades, and spring semester timelines, and does so across ages and demographic groups (Aucejo and Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Santibañez and Guarino, 2021).”
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“Last, our average effect of 0.073 j is similar to the gain from adding 2 – 4 weeks of additional class time to the school year (Sims 2008; Fitzpatrick, Grissmer, and Hastedt 2011; Aucejo and Romano 2016), but the extra weeks would presumably require a 5% – 10% increase in labor costs.”
ResultInfluentialAssociations between school absence and academic achievement: Do socioeconomics matter?
Hancock, K., Lawrence, D. M., Shepherd, C., Mitrou, F., & Zubrick, S. R. (2017) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.3267 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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The Long-Term Effects of Student Absence: Evidence from Sweden
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Principal Quality and Student Attendance
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“Aucejo and Romano (2016) examine a policy in North Carolina that provides variation in the number of days prior to testing, and”
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“…these are the students who stand to gain the most from being in school regularly, given evidence that the impact of high absenteeism is more detrimental to achievement for highrisk students (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Ehrlich et al., 2014; Gershenson, Jacknowitz, & Brannegan, 2015; Ready, 2010).”
BackgroundExperimental Estimates of the Student Attendance Production Function
Tran, L., & Gershenson, S. (2018) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373720984463 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“First, arguably, causal evidence suggests that student absences harm achievement (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Goodman, 2014; Gottfried, 2009, 2010, 2011; Liu et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPolice shootings, civic unrest and student achievement: evidence from Ferguson
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Time in School: A Conceptual Framework, Synthesis of the Causal Research, and Empirical Exploration
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“There exists evidence of equity Time in School enchaining effects of additional time (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Cannon et al., 2011; Cattaneo et al., 2017; Cortes et al., 2015; Hincapie, 2016; Marcotte & Hemelt, 2008; Wu, 2020), evidence that it benefits more advantaged students (Aguero & Beleche,…”
Klein, M., & Sosu, E. (2023) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407231191541 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Extensive prior work shows the detrimental effect of school absences on pupils’ academic achievement (e.g., Aucejo and Romano 2016; Gershenson et al. 2017; Gottfried 2010, 2011; Gottfried and Kirksey 2017; Kirksey 2019; Klein et al. 2022).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCurriculum and Learning Time in International School Achievement Studies
Kuger, S. (2016) · Methodology of educational measurement and assessment · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45357-6_16 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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“There is compelling evidence from the US that school absences are detrimental to students’ academic achievement (e.g. Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gottfried, 2010, 2011; Gottfried & Kirksey, 2017; Kirksey, 2019; Morrissey et al., 2014).”
BackgroundIs four less than five? Effects of four-day school weeks on student achievement in Oregon
Thompson, P. N. (2020) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104308 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Instruction time and student achievement: The moderating role of teacher qualifications
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“Absence from school because of SR poses risks to the young person’s development, including delays in academ ic achievement (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Carroll, 2010, 2020; Gershenson et al., 2017) and early school dropout (Rumberger, 1995; Schoeneberger, 2012).”
BackgroundHull, M., & Duch, K. (2019) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373718799969 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Testing the Water: Drinking Water Quality, Public Notification, and Child Outcomes
Marcus, M. (2020) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_01006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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How do students react to longer instruction time? Evidence from Italy†
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“New evidence from North Carolina and Massachusetts administrative data confirms the relationship between days spent at school and achievement (Aucejo and Romano 2014; Goodman 2014).”
BackgroundAnother One Rides the Bus: The Impact of School Transportation on Student Outcomes in Michigan
Edwards, D. S. (2022) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00382 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Impacts of urban landscapes on students’ academic performance
Lin, M., & Stan, J. T. V. (2020) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103840 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
What do we know about no‐show behavior? A systematic, interdisciplinary literature review
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The Signaling Power of Unexcused Absence from School
Pyne, J., Grodsky, E., Vaade, E. S., McCready, B., Camburn, E. M., & Bradley, D. (2021) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/08959048211049428 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Even so, our estimates compare remarkably well to those from quasi-experimental studies making causal claims about the effect of school attendance on students’ academic achievement (e.g., Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Carlsson et al., 2015).”
ResultIncentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions
Valente, C., & de Walque, D. (2018) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8476 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“19 For previous experimental literature studying how to optimize the design of conditional transfers see: Baird et al. (2011), Benhassine et al. (2015) and Akresh et al.”
BackgroundHa, W., Ma, L., Cao, Y., Feng, Q., & Bu, S. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102952 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of truancy among school-going adolescents in three West African countries
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CAN SCHOOL SPORTS REDUCE RACIAL GAPS IN TRUANCY AND ACHIEVEMENT?
Cuffe, H. E., Waddell, G. R., & Bignell, W. (2017) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12452 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
School absences, academic achievement, and adolescents’ post-school destinations
Klein, M., & Sosu, E. (2024) · Oxford Review of Education · doi:10.1080/03054985.2024.2308520 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Consequently, higher absenteeism rates are associated with poorer academic achievement (e.g. Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Gottfried, 2010), high school dropout (e.g. Alexander et al., 1997; Balfanz et al., 2007) and lower educational attainment later in life (Ansari et al., 2020;…”
Hwang, N., & Domina, T. (2020) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00308 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Baiden, P., Boateng, G. O., Dako‐Gyeke, M., Acolatse, C. K., & Peters, K. E. (2019) · African Geographical Review · doi:10.1080/19376812.2019.1627667 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…extant literature suggests that school absenteeism is a major predictor of school dropout (Freeman & Simonsen, 2015; Van Eck, Johnson, Bettencourt, & Johnson, 2017), poor academic performance (Aucejo & Romano, 2016), and decreased probability of graduation (Smerillo, Reynolds, Temple, & Ou, 2018).”
BackgroundCoughenour, C., Kleven, B. C., Gakh, M., Stephen, H., Chien, L.-C., Labus, B., & Whaley, R. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s136898002100063x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“short- and long-term negative outcomes in youth, including conduct disorders, mental health issues(11), poor school performance and test scores(12,13) and school dropout(14).”
BackgroundBellows, L. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211039467 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Although I detect no impact of 287(g) programs on achievement, overall, most evidence suggests that absences decrease student achievement (Gottfried, 2011; Aucejo and Romano, 2016; Goodman, 2014; Gershenson et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2019).”
BackgroundParental Involvement in the Academic Performance of Students in Ghana: Socio-Economic Status
Kwarteng, P., Asiamah, F., Twumasi, A. O., Nkansah, J. O., Issaka, J., & Afetorgbor, S. K. (2022) · Open Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.31586/ojer.2022.305 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This assertion has been supported by the study by Good and Brophy which stressed that educated parents usually show interest in their children’s academic performance and choice of career while in school [25].”
Heterogeneity in the educational impacts of natural disasters: Evidence from Hurricane Florence
Morrill, M. S., & Westall, J. (2023) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102373 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bucheli, J. R., Rubalcaba, J. A.-A., & Vargas, E. D. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211056349 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Empirical work on absenteeism has shown that even one absence is enough to decrease students’ math and language scores within an academic year (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Goodman, 2014; Gottfried, 2014).”
BackgroundBetter Together? Social Networks in Truancy and the Targeting of Treatment
Bennett, M., & Bergman, P. (2020) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/708672 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
School Closures During the 1918 Flu Pandemic
Ager, P., Eriksson, K., Karger, E., Nencka, P., & Thomasson, M. A. (2020) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_01170 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Numerous studies find that unplanned school closures and ab-senteeism negatively impact student achievement (Marcotte, 2007; Marcotte & Hemelt, 2008; Goodman, 2014; Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Jaume & Willén, 2019).”
How Measurement and Modeling of Attendance Matter to Assessing Dimensions of Inequality
Dougherty, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1438203 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
It’s time to learn: School institutions and returns to instruction time
Fernández, A. B., & Bovini, G. (2020) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102068 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Randomized design evidence of the attendance benefits of the EPA School Bus Rebate Program
Pedde, M., Szpiro, A. A., Hirth, R. A., & Adar, S. D. (2023) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-023-01088-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The relative effect of pupil absenteeism on literacy and numeracy in the primary school
Carroll, H. C. M. (2020) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2020.1793302 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Aucejo and Romano (2016) examined the effects on 3 rd to 5 th grade students’ reading and mathematics attainments of unexcused absence between the beginning of the school year and the day of annual testing.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialClass attendance and learning outcome
Kwak, D. W., Sherwood, C., & Tang, K. K. (2018) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-018-1434-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huang, H., Tang, X., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, X., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2023) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102343 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dräger, J., Klein, M., & Sosu, E. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306716 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aucejo, E. M., Romano, T., & Taylor, E. S. (2020) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00962 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationKeppens, G. (2022) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2022.07.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Teachers’ use of class time and student achievement
BURGESS, S. M., Rawal, S., & Taylor, E. S. (2023) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102405 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Student-Level Attendance Patterns Across Three Post-Pandemic Years
Swiderski, T., Fuller, S. C., & Bastian, K. C. (2025) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737251315715 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Absenteeism is associated with declines in achievement and educational attainment (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Gottfried, 2011; Liu et al., 2021), suggesting that increased absenteeism may be slowing post-pandemic academic recovery (National Center for Education Statistics,…”
Adding Insult to Injury: Arrests Reduce Attendance through Institutional Mechanisms
Mark, N. D. E., Geller, A., & Engberg, J. (2022) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407221099649 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This research also finds these effects are approximately additive with each day missed and are at least equal in magnitude, if not larger, among more disadvantaged students compared to their more advantaged peers (Aucejo and Romano 2016; Gershenson et al. 2017; Gershenson, McBean, and Tran 2018).”
BackgroundEffects of school displacement on academic achievement and wellbeing of ethnic minorities
Damm, A. P., Mattana, E., & Nielsen, H. S. (2022) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102266 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
School Refusal in Adolescence: Personality Traits and Their Influence on Treatment Outcome
de Groot, C., Heyne, D., & Boon, A. (2023) · Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/10634266231151903 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…treatment concluded, factors other than personality traits came to have a strong influence on school attendance, such as poor academic achievement (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gershenson et al., 2017; Gottfried, 2014), problematic family functioning (Heyne & Sauter, 2013), and peer relationships…”
Risk factors for school-based presenteeism in children: a systematic review
Woodland, L., Brooks, S. K., Webster, R., Amlôt, R., & Rubin, G. J. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01207-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Educational InequalityPreprint
Blanden, J., Doepke, M., & Stuhler, J. L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4114801 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Violence and Human Capital Investments
Koppensteiner, M. F., & Menezes, L. (2019) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/711001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Aucejo and Romano (2016) found that a reduction in absences at school leads to an increase in both math and reading test scores.”
BackgroundLee, W. F., McNeely, C. A., Rosenbaum, J. E., Alemu, B., & Renner, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2020.1760976 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Adeniran, A. P., Okoye, D., Yedomiffi, M. P., & Wantchekon, L. (2022) · doi:10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/120 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Dynamic Effects of a Summer Learning Program on Behavioral Engagement in School
Pyne, J., Messner, E., & Dee, T. S. (2021) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00368 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Student absenteeism and the role of police encounters
Geller, A., & Mark, N. D. E. (2022) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12600 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions
de Walque, D., & Valente, C. (2023) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20210202 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Academic achievement and wellbeing of dual language learners: Evidence from a busing program
Damm, A. P., Mattana, E., Nielsen, H. S., & Rouland, B. (2021) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2021.103358 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hayes, M. S., & Gershenson, S. (2016) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2016.01.023 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…examine the causal relationship between school days (or unexpected school closures, teacher absences, or student absences) and student achievement (Aucejo and Romano, 2013; Bellei, 2009; Clotfelter, Ladd, and Vigdor, 2009; Fitzpatrick et al., 2011; Goodman, 2014; Hansen, 2008; Herrmann and…”
BackgroundAndrietti, V. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2774520 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Increased Instruction Hours and the Widening Gap in Student Performance
Huebener, M., Kuger, S., & Marcus, J. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2753493 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…unscheduled school closures (e.g. Marcotte, 2007; Goodman, 2014), quasi-random assignments of school start dates or assessment dates (e.g. Sims, 2008; Fitzpatrick et al., 2011; Carlsson et al., 2015), as well as student and teacher absences (e.g. Herrmann & Rockoff, 2012; Aucejo & Romano, 2014).”
BackgroundRepo, J., Reimer, D., & Kilpi‐Jakonen, E. (2025) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-025-00251-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“School attendance has been directly linked to higher levels of reading and math performance (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gottfried, 2010; Smerillo et al., 2018).”
Wright, T. S., Bruner, L., Cummings, A., & Strunk, K. O. (2023) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.523 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Inoue, A., & Tanaka, R. (2024) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102545 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Does the provision of universal free school meals improve school attendance?
Borbély, D., Gehrsitz, M., McIntyre, S., & Rossi, G. (2024) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102597 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
School closures and educational attainment in Ethiopia: Can extra classes help children to catch up?
Carmichael, F., Darko, C. K., Kanji, S., & Vasilakos, N. V. (2022) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.3787 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sideridis, G. D., Tsaousis, I., & Al-Harbi, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624221 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Does the impact of pupil absences on achievement depend on their timing?
Dräger, J., Klein, M., & Sosu, E. (2025) · The American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312251347666 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Several empirical studies have found that unauthorized absences are more detrimental to academic achievement than authorized absences (Aucejo & Romano, 2016; Gottfried, 2009; Hancock et al., 2013).”
InfluentialWeekend feeding (“BackPack”) programs and student outcomes
Kurtz, M. D., Conway, K. S., & Mohr, R. D. (2020) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102040 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The short- and long-term effects of student absence: evidence from Sweden
Cattan, S., Kamhöfer, D. A., Karlsson, M., & Nilsson, T. (2021) · doi:10.1920/wp.ifs.2021.621 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Teachers’ Use of Class Time and Student Achievement
BURGESS, S. M., Rawal, S., & Taylor, E. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w30686 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aucejo, E. M., & Romano, T. F.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Goucher College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Romano, Teresa Foy
- Venue
- Economics of Education Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 55
- Pages
- 70-87
- ISSN
- 0272-7757 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117413632
- Semantic Scholar
- 0d5f59a9e033f4263b59a6bd62a1af7517103c85
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 54.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Economics of Education Review (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/M010341/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- school absenteeism, instructional time, standardized testing, student disengagement, achievement gap, North Carolina public schools
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