School attendance problems and absenteeism as early warning signals: review and implications for health-based protocols and school-based practices

Kearney, Christopher A.; Dupont, Randolph; Fensken, Michael; Gonzálvez, Carolina

doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1253595

Cited by 71Youth Substance Use and School AttendanceSchool Health and Nursing EducationWorkplace Health and Well-being

School attendance problems and absenteeism as early warning signals: review and implications for health-based protocols and school-based practices

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Kearney, Christopher A., Dupont, Randolph, Fensken, Michael, Gonzálvez, Carolina·2023·Frontiers in Education

DOI 10.3389/feduc.2023.1253595

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Abstract

School attendance has been historically linked to healthy states of functioning, whereas school attendance problems/absenteeism have been historically linked to unhealthy states of functioning. Indeed, school attendance and its problems are deeply embedded within multiple domains of functioning at both analytic and systemic levels. This article utilizes complex systems theory and the concept of early warning signals to illustrate how changes in school attendance could indicate instability and perhaps sudden transitions to unhealthy states of functioning for students, families, schools, and communities. The article reviews how school attendance problems/absenteeism intersect with functioning at analytic (academic, social–emotional, mental health, physical health, family) and systemic (school and community) levels. The article also includes recommendations for how viewing changes in school attendance as early warning signals could improve health-based protocols (enhancing access to care; integrating systems of care) and school-based practices (developing multi-tiered systems of support models and community asset maps; modifying educational and policy perspectives). A primary theme involves more streamlined efforts to identify movement from healthy to unhealthy states among individuals to assign proactive and personalized treatment avenues (health-based protocols) and among systems to enact needed intervention supports and reforms (school-based practices).

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Absence from school impedes social-emotional development and academic performance and increases future risks such as unemployment, school dropout, and social exclusion.
“Conversely, the absence from school impedes socialemotional development, academic performance and poses future consequences such as unemployment and school dropout, increasing the risk of social exclusion”
From “So That You Can Feel Well”: Perspectives of Students with Social, Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Factors that Support School Attendance (2025) · cites this paper as Kearney et al., 2023
Sections 3.1 and 3.2 link absenteeism to poorer academic achievement, later dropout, and hindered social development. The Introduction describes occupational difficulties as a long-term consequence of dropout, but the copy does not specifically identify unemployment as a consequence of absence. It discusses social isolation and alienation, rather than establishing the claimed progression to social exclusion. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Hendron, M., & Kearney, C. A. (2016) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdw009 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multi-tiered systems of support and evidence-based practices
Stoiber, K. C., & Gettinger, M. (2016) · Handbook of Response to Intervention · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7568-3_9 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Early warning signals of recovery in complex systems
Clements, C. F., Mccarthy, M. A., & Blanchard, J. L. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09684-y · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Factors that promote high school graduation: a review of the literature
Zaff, J. F., Donlan, A., Gunning, A., Anderson, S. E., McDermott, E., & Sedaca, M. (2017) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-016-9363-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Social and emotional difficulties in children with ADHD and the impact on school attendance and healthcare utilization
Classi, P., Milton, D., Ward, S., Sarsour, K., & Johnston, J. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-33 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Predictors of severity of absenteeism in children with anxiety-based school refusal
Hansen, C., Sanders, S. L., Massaro, S., & Last, C. G. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2703_2 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Development and implementation of student social-emotional surveys in the CORE Districts
West, M. R., Buckley, K., Krachman, S. B., & Bookman, N. (2017) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2017.06.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“When” Students Miss School: The Role of Timing of Absenteeism on Students’ Test Performance
Gottfried, M. A., & Kirksey, J. (2017) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x17703945 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
COVID ‐19 in children: I. Epidemiology, prevention and indirect impacts
Howard‐Jones, A. R., Bowen, A. C., Danchin, M. H., Koirala, A., Sharma, K., Yeoh, D. K., Burgner, D. P., Crawford, N. W., Goeman, E., Gray, P. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.15791 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
How to Understand School Refusal
Havik, T., & Ingul, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.715177 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
School absenteeism in the first decade of education and outcomes in adolescence
Ansari, A., & Pianta, R. C. (2019) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2019.07.010 · Cited by 93 · cited 2× · see citing works
“At an analytic level, school attendance has been generally linked to student benefits and SAPs/absenteeism have been generally linked to student impairments across critical domains of functioning (e.g., academic, social–emotional, mental health, physical health, family) (Ansari and Pianta, 2019).”
Background
A patchwork of platforms: mapping data infrastructures in schools
Pangrazio, L., Selwyn, N., & Cumbo, B. J. (2022) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2022.2035395 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effectiveness of grade retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Goos, M., Pipa, J., & Peixoto, F. (2021) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100401 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Role of School Health Services in Addressing the Needs of Students With Chronic Health Conditions
Leroy, Z. C., Wallin, R. L., & Lee, S. L. (2016) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840516678909 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Masking Attendance: How Education Policy Distracts from the Wicked Problem(s) of Chronic Absenteeism
Childs, J., & Lofton, R. (2021) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/0895904820986771 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Can we predict the direction of sudden shifts in symptoms? Transdiagnostic implications from a complex systems perspective on psychopathology
Wichers, M., Schreuder, M. J., Goekoop, R., & Groen, R. N. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002064 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
School attendance and school absenteeism: A primer for the past, present, and theory of change for the future
Kearney, C. A., Benoit, L., Gonzálvez, C., & Keppens, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.1044608 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mental Health Literacy: a Critical Target for Narrowing Racial Disparities in Behavioral Health
Tambling, R. R., D’Aniello, C., & Russell, B. S. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00694-w · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Adolescent Adversity, School Attendance and Academic Achievement: School Connection and the Potential for Mitigating Risk
Duke, N. N. (2020) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12910 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mapping inequalities in school attendance: The relationship between dimensions of socioeconomic status and forms of school absence
Klein, M., Sosu, E., & Dare, S. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105432 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Early warning signals and critical transitions in psychopathology: challenges and recommendations
Helmich, M. A., Olthof, M., Oldehinkel, A. J., Wichers, M., Bringmann, L. F., & Smit, A. C. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Connect-Text: Leveraging Text-Message Communication to Mitigate Chronic Absenteeism and Improve Parental Engagement in the Earliest Years of Schooling
Smythe-Leistico, K., & Page, L. C. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1434658 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Using School Climate to Improve Attendance and Grades: Understanding the Importance of School Satisfaction Among Middle and High School Students
Daily, S. M., Smith, M. L., Lilly, C. L., Davidov, D. M., Mann, M. J., & Kristjánsson, Á. L. (2020) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12929 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A Case-Control Study of Emotion Regulation and School Refusal in Children and Adolescents
Hughes, E. K., Gullone, E., Dudley, A. L., & Tonge, B. J. (2009) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431609341049 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The role of parental self-efficacy in adolescent school-refusal.
Carless, B. I., Melvin, G. A., Tonge, B. J., & Newman, L. K. (2015) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000050 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Identifying Risk Profiles of School Refusal Behavior: Differences in Social Anxiety and Family Functioning Among Spanish Adolescents
Gonzálvez, C., Díaz-Herrero, Á., Sanmartín, R., Vicent, M., Sánchez, A. M. P., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193731 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citation
Can a Positive School Climate Promote Student Attendance? Evidence From New York City
Hamlin, D. E. (2020) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831220924037 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Grade-Level and Cumulative Outcomes of Absenteeism
Ansari, A., & Gottfried, M. A. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13555 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Effect of blended learning on student performance in K‐12 settings: A meta‐analysis
Li, S., & Wang, W. (2022) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12696 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Absenteeism in the First Decade of Education Forecasts Civic Engagement and Educational and Socioeconomic Prospects in Young Adulthood
Ansari, A., Hofkens, T. L., & Pianta, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01272-4 · Cited by 72 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…departure from school prior to completion) is associated with long-term impairments into adulthood, including greater difficulties across economic, health, interpersonal, legal, occupational, and psychiatric domains (Lansford et al., 2016; Rocque et al., 2017; Ansari et al., 2020; Rumberger, 2020).”
Background
Effect of early grade retention on school completion: A prospective study.
Hughes, J. N., West, S. G., Kim, H., & Bauer, S. S. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000243 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bullying victimization and externalizing and internalizing symptoms among in-school adolescents from five ASEAN countries
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104473 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Beyond the excused/unexcused absence binary: classifying absenteeism through a voluntary/involuntary absence framework
Birioukov, A. (2016) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2015.1090400 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Relationship between School Absenteeism and Substance Use: An Integrative Literature Review
Gakh, M., Coughenour, C., Assoumou, B. O., & Vanderstelt, M. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1686021 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Predictors of school absenteeism severity at multiple levels: A classification and regression tree analysis
Skedgell, K., & Kearney, C. A. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.01.043 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Family Dysfunction and Social Isolation as Moderators Between Stress and Child Physical Abuse Risk
Tucker, M. C., & Rodriguez, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-013-9567-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Modifiable Parent Factors Associated with Child and Adolescent School Refusal: A Systematic Review
Chockalingam, M., Skinner, K., Melvin, G. A., & Yap, M. B. H. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01358-z · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Student Engagement and School Dropout: Theories, Evidence, and Future Directions
Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Olivier, É., & Dupéré, V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07853-8_16 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emotional Bonds with Parents, Emotion Regulation, and School-Related Behavior Problems Among Elementary School Truants
Kim, H., & Page, T. F. (2012) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9646-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Missing Bus, Missing School: Establishing the Relationship Between Public Transit Use and Student Absenteeism
Stein, M. L., & Grigg, J. A. (2019) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831219833917 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Early Warning Indicators and Intervention Systems: State of the Field
Balfanz, R. W., & Byrnes, V. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813413-9.00004-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Ecological Context of Chronic School Absenteeism in the Elementary Grades: Table 1:
Sugrue, E. P., Zuel, T., & LaLiberte, T. (2016) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdw020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Associations between school absence and academic achievement: Do socioeconomics matter?
Hancock, K., Lawrence, D. M., Shepherd, C., Mitrou, F., & Zubrick, S. R. (2017) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.3267 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Social Skills and Social Acceptance in Children with Anxiety Disorders
Scharfstein, L. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.895938 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Advancing an Ecological Approach to Chronic Absenteeism: Evidence from Detroit
Singer, J., Pogodzinski, B., Lenhoff, S. W., & Cook, W. (2021) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146812112300406 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sociodemographic risk, school engagement, and community characteristics: A mediated approach to understanding high school dropout
Piscitello, J., Kim, Y. K., Orooji, M., & Robison, S. B. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106347 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Early warning signals in psychopathology: what do they tell?
Schreuder, M. J., Hartman, C. A., George, S. V., Menne‐Lothmann, C., Decoster, J., van Winkel, R., Delespaul, P., Binder, M. D., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01742-3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Somatic Symptoms in School Refusal
Li, A., Guessoum, S. B., Ibrahim, N., Lefèvre, H., Moro, M. R., & Benoit, L. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000956 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Developing an online early detection system for school attendance problems: results from a research-community partnership
Chu, B. C., Guarino, D., Mele, C., O’Connell, J., & Coto, P. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.09.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Integrating systemic and analytic approaches to school attendance problems: Synergistic frameworks for research and policy directions.
Kearney, C. A. (2021) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-020-09591-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 2)
Kearney, C. A., Gonzálvez, C., Graczyk, P. A., & Fornander, M. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02605 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationship between school refusal behavior and social functioning: a cluster analysis approach
Gonzálvez, C., Inglés, C. J., Kearney, C. A., Sanmartín, R., Vicent, M., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2019) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.30552/ejep.v12i1.238 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Using data and the human touch: evaluating the NYC inter-agency campaign to reduce chronic absenteeism
Balfanz, R., & Byrnes, V. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1435283 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The economics of high school dropouts
Rumberger, R. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815391-8.00012-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Unlearning school attendance and its problems: Moving from historical categories to postmodern dimensions
Kearney, C. A., & Gonzálvez, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.977672 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
More than a Drop in the Bucket: The Social and Economic Costs of Dropouts and Grade Retentions Associated With Exclusionary Discipline
Marchbanks, M. P. “., Blake, J. J., Smith, D. M., Seibert, A. L., Carmichael, D., Booth, E. A., & Fabelo, T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1226 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Systematic and evaluative review of school climate instruments for students, teachers, and parents
Gonzálvez, C., Bacon, V. R., & Kearney, C. A. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22838 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence and factors associated with chronic school absenteeism among 207,107 in-school adolescents: Findings from cross-sectional studies in 71 low-middle and high-income countries
Rahman, M. A., Renzaho, A. M. N., Kundu, S., Awal, M. A., Ashikuzzaman, M., Fan, L., Ahinkorah, B. O., Okyere, J., Kamara, J. K., & Mahumud, R. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283046 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Association Between Symptoms of Depression and School Absence in a Population-Based Study of Late Adolescents
Askeland, K. G., Bøe, T., Lundervold, A. J., Stormark, K. M., & Hysing, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01268 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Examining the Educational Gap for Children with ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD
Zendarski, N. J., Guo, S., Sciberras, E., Efron, D., Quach, J., Winter, L., Bisset, M., Middeldorp, C. M., & Coghill, D. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720972790 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Detecting Impending Symptom Transitions Using Early-Warning Signals in Individuals Receiving Treatment for Depression
Helmich, M. A., Smit, A. C., Bringmann, L. F., Schreuder, M. J., Oldehinkel, A. J., Wichers, M., & Snippe, E. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221137006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tracking Disease: Digital Epidemiology Offers New Promise in Predicting Outbreaks
Bates, M. (2017) · IEEE Pulse · doi:10.1109/mpul.2016.2627238 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF GRADE RETENTION POLICIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES APPLYING CAUSAL INFERENCE
Valbuena, J., Mediavilla, M., Choi, Á., & Izquierdo, M. G. (2020) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12406 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Social Forces, Social Justice, and School Attendance Problems in Youth
Kearney, C., Childs, J., & Burke, S. (2022) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-022-00425-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for School Refusal: Treatment Development and Incorporation of Web-Based Coaching
Chu, B. C., Rizvi, S. L., Zendegui, E., & Bonavitacola, L. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.08.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
On Time: A Qualitative Study of Swedish Students’, Parents’ and Teachers’ Views on School Attendance, with a Focus on Tardiness
Warne, M., Svensson, Å., Tirén, L., & Wall, E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041430 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Does truancy make the delinquent? A situational and longitudinal analysis of the truancy–delinquency relationship
Gerth, M. (2020) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370820952681 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The relationship between mental health and school absenteeism in a community sample of French secondary school students: four profiles derived from cluster analysis
Gallé-Tessonneau, M., Bach Johnsen, D., & Keppens, G. (2019) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.30552/ejep.v12i1.242 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Moderators and mediators of treatments for youth with school refusal or truancy.
Heyne, D., Sauter, F. M., & Maynard, B. R. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199360345.003.0010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The toxic duo: Bullying involvement and adverse childhood experiences as factors associated with school disengagement among children
Baiden, P., LaBrenz, C. A., Okine, L., Thrasher, S. S., & Asiedua-Baiden, G. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105383 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Severity of State Truancy Policies and Chronic Absenteeism
Conry, J. M., & Richards, M. P. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1439752 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
School connectedness and child anxiety
Pikulski, P. J., Pella, J. E., Casline, E. P., Hale, A. E., Drake, K., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2020) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/jgc.2020.3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
School refusal behavior in Indian children: analysis of clinical profile, psychopathology and development of a best-fit risk assessment model
Nayak, A., Sangoi, B., & Nachane, H. (2018) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2631-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
School-based surveillance of acute infectious disease in children: a systematic review
Donaldson, A. L., Hardstaff, J. L., Harris, J. P., Vivancos, R., & O’Brien, S. J. (2021) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06444-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
School Refusal in Students with Low Academic Performances and Specific Learning Disorder. The Role of Self-Esteem and Perceived Parental Psychological Control
Filippello, P., Buzzai, C., Messina, G., Mafodda, A. V., & Sorrenti, L. (2019) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2019.1626006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dropout typologies: Relating profiles of risk and support to later educational re-engagement
McDermott, E. R., Anderson, S., & Zaff, J. F. (2017) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2016.1270764 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Common Elements of Childhood Universal Mental Health Programming
Boustani, M. M., Frazier, S. L., Chu, W., Lesperance, N., Becker, K. D., Helseth, S. A., Hedemann, E. R., Ogle, R. R., & Chorpita, B. F. (2020) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-020-01023-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Is Bullying Associated with Emerging School Refusal in Autistic Boys?
Bitsika, V., Heyne, D., & Sharpley, C. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04610-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Family Environment Variables as Predictors of School Absenteeism Severity at Multiple Levels: Ensemble and Classification and Regression Tree Analysis
Fornander, M. J., & Kearney, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02381 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reframing school-based restorative justice as a structural population health intervention
Todić, J., Cubbin, C., Armour, M., Rountree, M., & González, T. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102289 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Showing Up: Disparities in Chronic Absenteeism between Students with and without Disabilities in Traditional Public Schools
Gottfried, M. A., Stiefel, L., Schwartz, A. E., & Hopkins, B. (2019) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811912100808 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
School Absenteeism Associated With Child Protection System Involvement, Maltreatment Type, and Time in Out-of-Home Care
Armfield, J. M., Gnanamanickam, E. S., Nguyen, H., Doidge, J., Brown, D. S., Preen, D. B., & Segal, L. (2020) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559520907682 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chaotic-Enmeshment and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion
Berryhill, M. B., Hayes, A., & Lloyd, K. (2018) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-018-9461-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Effects of Child Protective Services and Juvenile Justice System Involvement on Academic Outcomes: Gender and Racial Differences
Yoon, S., Quinn, C. R., McCarthy, K. S., & Robertson, A. A. (2019) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x19844392 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Transformative school–community collaboration as a positive school climate to prevent school absenteeism
Kim, J., & Gentle-Genitty, C. S. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22444 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Opposite Sides of the Same Coin? Exploring the Connections between School Absenteeism and Student Mobility
Welsh, R. O. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1438204 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fairness, trust, and school climate as foundational to growth mindset: A study among Brazilian children and adolescents
Thomas, K. J., da Cunha, J. M., de Souza, D. M. A., & Santo, J. B. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2018.1549726 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Change in the Frame: From Absenteeism to Attendance
Gentle-Genitty, C. S., Taylor, J., & Renguette, C. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2019.00161 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Flying Under the Radar: School Reluctance in Anxious Youth
Jones, A. M., & Suveg, C. M. (2015) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-015-9148-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The impact of childhood epilepsy on academic performance: A population-based matched cohort study
Lystad, R. P., McMaugh, A. L., Herkes, G., Badgery‐Parker, T., Cameron, C. M., & Mitchell, R. J. (2022) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2022.05.014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
School climate and student-based contextual learning factors as predictors of school absenteeism severity at multiple levels via CHAID analysis
Bacon, V. R., & Kearney, C. A. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105452 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Causal Effects of Grade Retention on Behavioral Outcomes
Martorell, P., & Mariano, L. T. (2017) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2017.1390024 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Predicting risk of school refusal: Examining the incremental role of trait EI beyond personality and emotion regulation
Filippello, P., Sorrenti, L., Buzzai, C., & Costa, S. (2018) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi170526013f · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chronic Absenteeism and Preschool Children's Executive Functioning Skills Development
Fuhs, M. W., Nesbitt, K. T., & Jackson, H. (2018) · Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) · doi:10.1080/10824669.2018.1438201 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Underrepresented Youth With School Attendance Problems: Integration With Systems of Care, Advocacy, and Future Directions
Kearney, C. A., & Benoit, L. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.016 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multi-tiered systems of support for school attendance and its problems: An unlearning perspective for areas of high chronic absenteeism
Kearney, C. A., & Graczyk, P. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.1020150 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationships Among Noncognitive Factors and Academic Performance: Testing the University of Chicago Consortium on School Research Model
Wanzer, D. L., Postlewaite, E. L., & Zargarpour, N. (2019) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858419897275 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Deep learning-based school attendance prediction for autistic students
Jarbou, M., Won, D., Mattson, J. G., & Romanczyk, R. G. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05258-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Using data-driven analytics and ecological systems theory to identify risk and protective factors for school absenteeism among secondary students
Lee, K., McMorris, B. J., Chi, C., Looman, W. S., Burns, M. K., & Delaney, C. W. (2023) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2023.03.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Analyzing K-12 Education as a Complex System
Mital, P., Moore, R. A., & Llewellyn, D. C. (2014) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.046 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dropout Prevention in Middle and High Schools
Wilkins, J., & Bost, L. W. (2015) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/1053451215606697 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Does anyone benefit from exclusionary discipline? An exploration on the direct and vicarious links between suspensions for minor infraction and adolescents’ academic achievement.
Wang, M., Scanlon, C. L., & Toro, J. D. (2022) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0001030 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Helping Families of Youth with School Attendance Problems: A Practical Guide for Mental Health and School-Based Professionals
Kearney, C. A. (2019) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780190912574.001.0001 · Cited by 23 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…often in conjunction with such disruption, school absenteeism is related to problematic parenting behaviors such as inaction, ineffective response strategies, overprotectiveness, vague commands, aggression, and reinforcement of attention-seeking behavior (Kearney, 2019; Chockalingam et al., 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Understanding School Truancy: Risk–Need Latent Profiles of Adolescents
Iverson, A., French, B. F., Strand, P. S., Gotch, C. M., & McCurley, C. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116672329 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A Collaborative Problem-Solving Approach to Improving District Attendance Policy
Lenhoff, S. W., Edwards, E. B., Claiborne, J., Singer, J., & French, K. R. (2020) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/0895904820974402 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Compulsory School Attendance: The New American Crime
Reyes, A. H. (2020) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci10030075 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Links between psychological disengagement from school and different forms of self-esteem in the crucial period of early and mid-adolescence
Martinot, D., Beaton, A. M., Tougas, F., Redersdorff, S., & Rinfret, N. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09592-w · Cited by 22 · see citing works
School attendance problems in adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Niemi, S., Lagerström, M., & Alanko, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017619 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Residential Mobility Among Elementary School Students in Los Angeles County and Early School Experiences: Opportunities for Early Intervention to Prevent Absenteeism and Academic Failure
Green, G., DeFosset, A. R., & Kuo, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02176 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Signaling Power of Unexcused Absence from School
Pyne, J., Grodsky, E., Vaade, E. S., McCready, B., Camburn, E. M., & Bradley, D. (2021) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/08959048211049428 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Improving school attendance data and defining problematic and chronic school absenteeism: the next stage for educational policies and health-based practices
Kearney, C., & Childs, J. (2022) · Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2022.2124222 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Monitoring School Absenteeism for Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Tsang, T. K., Huang, X., Guo, Y., Lau, E. H. Y., Cowling, B. J., & Ip, D. (2023) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/41329 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Functional impairment guidelines for school attendance problems in youth: Recommendations for caseness in the modern era.
Kearney, C. A. (2022) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000453 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Impact of Callous-Unemotional Traits on Achievement, Behaviors, and Relationships in School: A Systematic Review
Levine, R. S., Smith, K. A., & Wagner, N. J. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01344-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chronic Absenteeism: Risks and Protective Factors Among Low‐Income , Minority Children and Adolescents
Malika, N. M., Granillo, C., Irani, C., Montgomery, S., & Belliard, J. C. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13096 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Clinical practitioners’ experiences of psychological treatment for autistic children and adolescents with school attendance problems: a qualitative study
Melin, J., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Olsson, N. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03861-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
School Climate Community Scale: Report on Construct Validity and Internal Consistency.
Thapa, A., & Cohen, J. S. (2016) · The School community journal/School community journal · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Five Approaches to Understanding Interpersonal Competence: A Review and Integration
Persich, M. R., & Robinson, M. D. (2022) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/10892680221085507 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Translating sophisticated data analytic strategies regarding school attendance and absenteeism into targeted educational policy
Kearney, C. A., & Childs, J. (2023) · Improving Schools · doi:10.1177/13654802231174986 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Adolescent education outcomes and maltreatment: The role of pre-existing adversity, level of child protection involvement, and school attendance
Maclean, M., Taylor, C. L., & O’Donnell, M. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104721 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 233 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Brewer, D. J., and McEwan, P. J. (2010). Economics of education. San Diego: Elsevier.
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Kearney, C. A., and Albano, A. M. (2018). When children refuse school: A cognitive- behavioral therapy approach/therapist guide (3rd Edn). New York: Oxford University Press.
Lall, S. S. (2020). Applying a multicomponent framework to manage school refusal: a case report. Int. J. Behav. Sci. 14, 116-121. doi: 10.30491/ijbs.2020.211632.1174 · DOI
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Sorted by citations

Harnessing AI to Foster Equity in Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies
Roshanaei, M., Olivares, H., & Lopez, R. R. (2023) · Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications · doi:10.4236/jilsa.2023.154009 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Educational Research and Innovation
OECD, & Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (2009) · Educational research and innovation · doi:10.1787/20769679 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Secondary school students’ perspectives on supports for overcoming school attendance problems: a qualitative case study in Germany
Enderle, C., Kreitz-Sandberg, S., Backlund, Å., Isaksson, J., Fredriksson, U., & Ricking, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1405395 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Comparative Perspectives on School Attendance, Absenteeism, and Preventive Measures in Europe and Beyond
Kreitz-Sandberg, S., & Fredriksson, U. (2023) · European Education · doi:10.1080/10564934.2023.2281394 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This could be seen from the perspective raised by Kearney et al. (2023), in which they describe “changes in school attendance as early warning signals” (p. 1) that may help professionals to better see what actions to take in order to prevent absenteeism.”
Background
“So That You Can Feel Well”: Perspectives of Students with Social, Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Factors that Support School Attendance
Enderle, C. (2025) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-025-09764-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Conversely, the absence from school impedes social-emotional development, academic performance and poses future consequences such as unemployment and school dropout, increasing the risk of social exclusion (Ansari et al., 2020; Kearney et al., 2023; Keppens, 2023; Liu et al., 2021).”
Implementing multi-tiered systems of support in rural schools: a practice perspective for improving mental health care for underserved youths
Kearney, C. A., Fensken, M., & Dupont, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1553528 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Climate change injustice and school attendance and absenteeism: proximal and distal ecological links
Kearney, C. A., Ellis, K., & Arcaina, V. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1455430 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Family Dynamics and School Attendance Problems: Narrative Review and Recommendations for Clinical Processes
Kearney, C. A., Blanco, A. M., & Dugan, R. B. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807251360787 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“SAPs are closely linked to problems in functioning at multiple levels, including student academic, social – emotional, and mental and physical health domains as well as school and community domains (Kearney et al., 2023).”
Self-citation
The Perniciousness and Promise of School-Based Mental Health Service Delivery for Youth
Kearney, C. A. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01253-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“School absentee-ism is considered a key marker of mental health problems in children and adolescents, particularly for emotional, disruptive, and traumatic disorders but other psychiatric disorders as well (Kearney et al., 2023).”
Self-citation
What school-based interventions work to improve attendance in secondary school students with persistent absence? A systematic review
Middleton, A. S., Watson, M., & Anderson, J. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1603680 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Systematic Scoping Review on Research Focusing on Professionals’ Attitudes toward School Attendance Problems
Hamadi, S. E., Klippen, M. I. F., & Havik, T. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14010066 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Children with Celiac Disease: An Observational Study
Rozensztrauch, A., & Mostyńska, P. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17061085 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Framing chronic absenteeism and emotionally-based school absenteeism as public health problems
Kearney, C. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1662093 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Parental perspectives on school attendance problems and the role of municipal support systems
Hansen, U. I., Munkhaugen, E. K., & Larsen, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1589988 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gender differences in Chinese Adolescents’ school refusal: A network analysis to test the contribution of individual, family, and school factors
Liu, H., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Q., Zhang, L., Liang, W., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107949 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Current State of School Attendance Research and Data in Canada
Whitley, J., McBrearty, N., Rogers, M., & Smith, D. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15080964 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Early Identification of School Refusal from Parents’ Perspectives
Møller, G. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15091211 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
School attendance matters: co-occurring trajectories of school attendance and academic achievement from elementary to secondary school in a Canadian context
Brittain, H. L., & Vaillancourt, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2026.1729744 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Kearney et al. (108) highlighted the potential early warning sign that school attendance problems play in identifying students at risk for academic failure, mental health difﬁculties, and school dropout, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention to prevent these cascading adverse outcomes.”
Teachers’ experiences with the Back2School intervention—a pilot study addressing problematic school absenteeism
Bania, E. V., Nilsen, T. S., Thastum, M., Ingul, J. M., & Havik, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608184 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“However, determining appropriate actions when a student struggles with problematic school absenteeism poses significant challenges for many teachers and other school personnel (Kearney et al., 2023).”
Influential
Functional Limitations and Illness-Related Absenteeism among School-Aged Children with and without Long COVID, United States, 2022–2023
Ford, N. D., Simeone, R. M., Pratt, C., & Saydah, S. (2025) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid3114.251035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Schools might consider health-related factors in their ongoing efforts to improve school attendance ( 41 ) and could collaborate with healthcare systems to provide integrated systems of support to address complex needs for children with disabilities and health concerns ( 42 ).”
What Works to Keep Students in School? A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce School Absenteeism
Li, D., Singh, S., Jeldi, N., Chang, S., Zhu, M., Dailey, K., Karabukayeva, A., & Cai, C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16050697 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Chronic absenteeism emerges from intersecting individual, family, school, and community factors (Kearney et al., 2023), including structural barriers like poverty, housing instability, and limited healthcare access (Edwards, 2023; Sosu et al., 2021).”
Influential
Understanding School Non-Attendance in Adolescence: Perceived Competence, Psychological and Social Barriers, and Educational Vulnerability
Sorrenti, L., Caparello, C., Meduri, C. F., & Filippello, P. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16071074 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Profiles of school anxiety response and differences in stress factors in Spanish Primary Education students
Inglés, C. J., Gómez‐Núñez, M. I., & García-Fernández, J. M. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07590-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This educational stage, which ranges from 6 to 12 years old, represents one of the starting points for attendance problems such as school anxiety (Kearney et al., 2023 ).”
School Functioning Among Norwegian Children With a History of Maltreatment
Næss, S. Ø., Sivertsen, B., Hysing, M., Dovran, A., Tobiassen, S., Hafstad, G. S., & Kjørstad, K. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251351669 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“However, absenteeism may also signal academic and mental health struggles, including trauma-related school avoidance, anxiety, and social disengagement (Kearney et al., 2023).”
Studi Kasus School Refusal pada Siswa Kelas Tiga Sekolah Dasar
Putrawan, G. D. (2024) · Jurnal Guru Sekolah Dasar. · doi:10.70277/jgsd.v1i4.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Student absenteeism as instructional disruption: effects on teacher well-being in Chinese primary schools
Yu, S., Xu, Y., Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2026) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2026.2629911 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Student absenteeism is a well-established barrier to academic success and educational equity, associated with lower achievement, grade retention, and subsequent educational and economic disadvantage (Balfanz and Byrnes 2012; Kearney et al. 2023).”
A scoping review of the research on school absences and return to school
Laurén-Knuutila, T.-R., Salminen, J., Junttila, N., & Alanko, K. (2026) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2026.2653832 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perfectionism and School Non‐Attendance Reasons in Adolescents: A Latent Profile Analysis
Fuster‐Rico, A., Vicent, M., Pérez‐Marco, M., & Gonzálvez, C. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70173 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Theoretical studies have identified perfectionism as an anxiety‐related problem linked to school attendance problems since trying to be perfect to avoid potential failure may reinforce the reluctance to attend school (Di Vincenzo et al. 2024; Kearney et al. 2023).”
Self-citation
Chronic absenteeism in Canadian kindergarten classes, pre- and post-COVID-19, and its association with concurrent developmental vulnerability
Reid‐Westoby, C., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345192 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“High rates of school absenteeism are generally seen as an early warning sign for schools, suggesting that children might be struggling either at school or at home [50].”
A Socioecological Needs Assessment of Alternative Learning Environments: Implications for Occupational and Mental Well-Being in School Settings
Hux, G. E., Rice, S., Wicinski, L. B., & Rider, J. V. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15111501 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Linguistically Diverse Caregiver Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators of School Attendance and Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jones, T. M., Lea, C. H., III, López, A. P., Becker, K., & Malorni, A. (2024) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-024-00493-9
“Prior to the pandemic, these students were disproportionately affected by problems with school attendance compared to students from English-speaking households (Jones et al., 2021; Kearney et al., 2023; McDonald et al., 2022; Morrissey et al., 2014; Nathwani et al., 2021).”
Influential
School Refusal pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar: Penyebab dan Gejala
Putrawan, G. D. (2024) · Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar · doi:10.47134/pgsd.v2i2.1274
“School refusal merupakan permasalahan kompleks yang dapat melibatkan faktor akademis, sosial emosional, kesehatan mental, kesehatan fisik, keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat (Kearney et al., 2023).”
The mediating role of depression in the association between social capital and school absenteeism among students: a multilevel mediation analysis in Japanese elementary and junior high schools
Mori, H., Takahashi, M., Adachi, M., Nishimura, T., Shinkawa, H., Osada, M., Adachi, M., & Nakamura, K. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00953-x
“Based on previous research [14], this study hypothesizes that depression mediates the association between the school environment and school absenteeism.”
Influential
Explaining student absenteeism in Morocco using TIMSS 2023 data: a deep learning and explainable AI approach
Elouafi, A., Tammouch, I., Nouna, S., & Nouna, A. (2025) · International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA) · doi:10.1109/icoa66896.2025.11236843
“These results underscore the importance of early identification and coordinated school–community responses to prevent long-2025 term disengagement and reduce the risk of school [3].”
Full-Stack based Student Management System & Proactive Dropout Mitigation of School Students using Machine Learning Algorithms
Geetha, S., Nanjundiah, G. S., Tikotikar, S. S., & Shravya, P. (2025) · Annual International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning and Blockchain Technology (AICDMB) · doi:10.1109/aicdmb64359.2025.11277582
“Key factors such as socio-economic status, mental health, family circumstances, and community involvement significantly influence a student's educational path[10].”
Missing Classmates and Attendance Patterns in Elementary Schools
Kirksey, J. J., Gottfried, M. A., Ansari, A., & Lansford, T. (2025) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312251400716
“Likewise, health-related issues—both acute illnesses (e.g., flu) and chronic medical conditions (e.g., asthma)—are significant contributors to student absenteeism, particularly when healthcare access is limited (Allison et al., 2019; Kearney et al., 2023).”
School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education: Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in Spanish Children
Gómez‐Núñez, M. I., García-Fernández, J. M., & Inglés, C. J. (2026) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.5093/psed2026a3
Unexcused Repeated Absence in Grade Nine in Sweden: The Role of Victimization, Academic Factors, and Depressive Symptoms
Dahlqvist, H. Z. (2026) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.15.2.497
Associations of distal elementary school characteristics with prekindergarten student
Bratsch‐Hines, M., Kuhn, L., Witte, A., Franco-Jenkins, X., Abdul-Masih, M. Y., Ansari, A., Koziol, N. A., Lin, T., Purtell, K. M., & McCormick, M. (2026) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2026.101928
Investigating mental health and attendance disparities among sexual and gender minority youth in Sweden
Adynski, H., Huus, K., Granlund, M., Hoffman, T., Pakpour, A. H., & Eriksson, M. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2026.02.022
Advancing socially just and anti-racist approaches for school attendance problems
Kearney, C. A., Ellis, K., & Arcaina, V. J. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102779
Self-citation
Phenomenising school refusal – when long-term school absence turned into school refusal
Knage, F. S., & Frydenlund, J. H. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2026.2662232
Will attendance-based grading improve school absenteeism?
Whitley, J., Rogers, M., McBrearty, N., & Smith, D. (2026) · doi:10.64628/aam.skdwchrp6
The structure and methodological quality of randomised controlled trials addressing school absenteeism and dropout in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Graham, P., Carrick, A., Littlefair, D., Melo, D., Mulholland, K., Graham, P., Bradley, G., Davies, C., Speyer, R., & Cordier, R. (2026) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2026.100791
Adolescent school absenteeism, depressive symptoms, and internalizing/externalizing problems: a network and simulated intervention study based on CFPS
Dong, X., & Zhou, M. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04834-6
“Identifying the causes of chronic absenteeism and developing intervention strategies are of considerable practical importance [7]; however, a more critical question lies in revealing how absenteeism gradually accumulates and recurs.”
Disengaged Responses, Distorted Risks: Evaluating Effort on Student Risk Assessments
French, B. F., Gifford, L. P., Herr, R. D., Finney, S. J., & Galangue, D. (2026) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/07342829261455562
“Screening systems in education frequently prioritize sensitivity when the cost of missed risk is high, and support early identification (e.g., Kearney et al., 2023; Wu et al., 2026).”
Bridging the Gap: A Case Study of Tailored Support for Students with Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Needs During the Transition to High School
Santiago‐Rosario, M. R., Falcon, S. F., Austin, S. C., Nese, J. F. T., Sullivan, M. M., Daza, T., Calhoun, T., Cerdan, H., & Nese, R. N. T. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16060984
“This is critical, as nineth grade course performance and attendance are among the strongest predictors of graduation and dropout (Kearney et al., 2023).”
Using routine school data to support adolescent well-being in resource-limited settings
Nguyen, N. P., Nguyen, T. H. A., Ha, A., & Nguyen, P. L. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-02482-0
“This approach aligns with evidence that effective responses to student risk signals require functional, context-sensitive assessment [38].”
School Absenteeism According to High School Students and Teachers: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention Method
Yalçın, S., Kazak, E., & Er, O. (2026) · Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.52597/buje.1883210
Mediating effects of healthy lifestyle factors on associations between mental health and functional outcomes in early adolescence
Smucny, J., Lesh, T. A., Niendam, T. A., & Karcher, N. R. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291726105121
“Mood and anxiety disorders have been associated with school absenteeism, lower grades, and withdrawal from peer relationships (Achterbergh et al., 2020; Dalforno, Wengert, Kim, & Jacobsen, 2022; Finning et al., 2019a, 2019b; Kearney, Dupont, Fensken, & Gonzálvez, 2023; Kupferberg & Hasler, 2023).”
Social relationships to stimulate students’ learning
Gidlund, U., & Ivarsson, L. (2026) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2026.2700349
“Graduation from upper-secondary school has become increasingly important for students’ future employment and lives (Ekstrand 2015; Kearney et al. 2023).”
Beyond Medical Absence: Grade‐Related and Year‐To‐Year Persistent Patterns of Parent‐Reported Psychological/Functional Absence in Routine School Attendance Records
Ren, Y., Feng, M., Jia, S., & He, L. (2026) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.70194
Schulisches Engagament statt bloßer Anwesenheit: Schulische Teilhabe von Schüler*innen mit Schulbesuchsproblemen
Bokelmann, L. (2026) · Absentismus und Dropout · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-51711-3_7
Exploring the early observations of parents supporting their children with school attendance problems ( SAPs ): A co‐produced study
Aidonopoulou‐Read, T., Pyer, M., Bodycote, B., Campbell, J. A., & Pyer, K. (2026) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.70222
Feasibility study of a revised intervention for addressing student sickness absence: a qualitative evaluation
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Self-citation

Authors: Kearney, C. A., Dupont, R., Fensken, M., & Gonzálvez, C.
Affiliations: University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
University of Alicante (ES)
Corresponding author: Kearney, Christopher A.
ORCID: Kearney, Christopher A.
Fensken, Michael
Gonzálvez, Carolina
Venue: Frontiers in Education
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2023-08-30
Volume: 8
ISSN: 2504-284X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1253595
OpenAlex: W4386330902
Cited by: 71
References: 233
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2
FWCI: 51.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Universidad de Alicante
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
Keywords: school attendance, absenteeism, early warning indicators, complexity theory, mental health, social-emotional functioning, family functioning, school-based practice, multi-tiered systems of support, community asset mapping, systems of care, health care access, education policy

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School attendance problems and absenteeism as early warning signals: review and implications for health-based protocols and school-based practices

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