Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of Carotenoids
Abstract
The ability of dietary carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene to act as antioxidants in biological systems is dependent upon a number of factors. While the structure of carotenoids, especially the conjugated double bond system, gives rise to many of the fundamental properties of these molecules, it also affects how these molecules are incorporated into biological membranes. This, in turn, alters the way these molecules interact with reactive oxygen species, so that the in vivo behavior may be quite different from that seen in solution. The effectiveness of carotenoids as antioxidants is also dependent upon their interaction with other coantioxidants, especially vitamins E and C. Carotenoids may, however, lose their effectiveness as antioxidants at high concentrations or at high partial pressures of oxygen. It is unlikely that carotenoids actually act as prooxidants in biological systems; rather they exhibit a tendency to lose their effectiveness as antioxidants.
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The key factor affecting the switch from antioxidant to prooxidant properties of carotenoids is the partial pressure of oxygen, typically high in the lungs.
“The key factor affecting the switch from antioxidant to prooxidant properties of carotenoids has been attributed to the partial pressure of oxygen, typically high in the lungs.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Young and Lowe 2001
Under high partial pressure of oxygen, carotenoid radicals (Car·) from hydrogen abstraction may further react with dioxygen.
“Under conditions of high partial pressure of oxygen, radicals of carotenoids, Car·, originating from the reaction of ROS with a carotenoid molecule by hydrogen abstraction may further react with dioxygen according to the reaction (Young and Lowe 2001; Shin et al. 2020)24”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Young and Lowe 2001
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- Authors
- Young, A. J., & Lowe, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Andrew J.
- ORCID
- Young, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 385
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-27
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003315786
- Cited by
- 822
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- carotenoids, beta-carotene, lycopene, antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity, reactive oxygen species, biological membranes, conjugated double bonds, vitamin E, vitamin C, oxygen partial pressure
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Animals, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Carotenoids, Cell Membrane, Diet, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Free Radicals, Humans, Models, Chemical, Oxygen, Vitamin E, beta Carotene
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