Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation
Open accessAbstract
During feeding, the gut microbiota contributes to the host energy acquisition and metabolic regulation thereby influencing the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are produced by gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, are recognized as essential host energy sources and act as signal transduction molecules via G-protein coupled receptors (FFAR2, FFAR3, OLFR78, GPR109A) and as epigenetic regulators of gene expression by the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Recent evidence suggests that dietary fiber and the gut microbial-derived SCFAs exert multiple beneficial effects on the host energy metabolism not only by improving the intestinal environment, but also by directly affecting various host peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the roles of gut microbial SCFAs in the host energy regulation and present an overview of the current understanding of its physiological functions.
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Most short-chain fatty acids indirectly impact host metabolism by functioning as signaling molecules, for example as inhibitors of histone deacetylases or ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors, in pathways that modulate functions ranging from inflammation to energy homeostasis.
“Most SCFAs indirectly impact on host metabolism by functioning as signaling molecules, e.g., as inhibitors for histone deacetylases or ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors, in pathways that modulate functions ranging from inflammation to energy homeostasis [91,92,93].”
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- Authors
- Kasubuchi, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiramatsu, T., Ichimura, A., & Kimura, I.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kimura, Ikuo
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-04-14
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2839-2849
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4425176
- OpenAlex
- W2018745802
- Cited by
- 904
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 14
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, dietary fiber, host energy metabolism, metabolic regulation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, G protein-coupled receptors, histone deacetylase inhibition, epigenetic regulation, acetate, butyrate, propionate, microbial metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Acetates, Butyrates, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Energy Metabolism, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Obesity, Propionates, Gastrointestinal Tract, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Epigenesis, Genetic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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