Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: Transforming education, work and life

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The scale of the tragedy has overwhelmed health systems across the world.

“The scale of the tragedy has overwhelmed health systems across the world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Many people and organisations have been able to work from home, either carrying on as normal, or in a way that offers equivalent services.

“Many people and organisations have been able to work from home, either carrying on as normal, or in a way that offers equivalent services.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the UK, the major supermarkets responded much better than national and local government departments.

“In the UK, the major supermarkets responded much better than national and local government departments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Delivery services of all kinds have boomed.

“Delivery services of all kinds have boomed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The Aarogya Setu app saw over 5 million downloads within first few days of launch and has now reached 100 million plus downloads.

“While this app was very popular and saw over 5 million downloads within first few days of launch (now it has reached 100 million plus downloads), it had its limitations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Fake news/information has been a problem, not just on social media, but sometimes even from conventional news sources.

“Fake news/information has been a problem.Not just on social media, but sometimes even from conventional news sources, though the UK has seen a considerable resurgence in audiences for live TV news.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Microsoft Teams and Zoom have come into their own, though privacy reservations have been expressed about Zoom.

“Microsoft Teams and Zoom have come into their own, though privacy reservations have been expressed about the latter.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Many organisations have excelled in managing the provision of equipment and training to enable their people to work effectively from home.

“Many organisations have also excelled in managing the provision of equipment and training to enable their people to work effectively from home.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The internet has not collapsed under the strain, although there have been a few hiccups.

“The internet has not collapsed under the strain, although there have been a few hiccups.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

For many, the shift from working in a dedicated office space to working in personal home spaces has led to a radical change in their experiences and association with work.

“For many, the shift from working in a comfortable and dedicated office space to working in personal home spaces such as at the kitchen table has inevitably led to a radical change in their experiences and association with work.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

WFH has become accepted as a viable practice for most companies.

“It has become now accepted as a viable practice for most companies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Joined-up government in the UK is still a long way off.

“Joined-up government in the UK is still a long way off, too.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Telecom companies converted their caller tunes to corona prevention messages, which helped build mass awareness about the corona infection.

“The telecom companies also chipped in by converting their caller tunes to the corona prevention messages.This helped build mass awareness about the corona infection.”

May combine two claims.

The centralised supply-chain model collapsed during the pandemic resulting in huge wastage of food at the supply points due to the inability to get the food to regions that needed it desperately.

“This model collapsed during the pandemic resulting in huge wastage of food at the supply points due to the inability to get the food to regions that needed it desperately.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The agribusiness and dairy industry typically relies on a centralised supply-chain model with very few, but very large capacity warehouses for distribution of food to the rest of the country.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

COVID-19 has enabled a change in consumer behaviour.

“COVID-19 has also enabled a change in consumer behaviour.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Catchups with colleagues could be incorporated into homeworkers' daily lives, e.g. whilst doing the washing.

“Catchups with colleagues could be incorporated into their daily lives, e.g.whilst doing the washing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

During the COVID-19 pandemic individuals are not only separated from colleagues, but also their social circle outside of the workplace.

“These impacts are exemplified given that during the COVID-19 pandemic individuals are not only separated from colleagues, but also their social circle outside of the workplace.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The present situation with COVID-19 has resulted in various changes in the working lives of many individuals: the concept of going to work has diminished.

“The present situation with COVID-19 has resulted in various changes in the working lives of many individuals: the concept of 'going to work' has diminished.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

During initial days of the crisis the missed call IVRS system received about 1500 calls every day.

“During initial days of the crisis this system received about 1500 calls every day.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on online education as almost overnight, schools and universities were required to shift to 100% online modality.

“COVID-19 has had a huge impact on online education as almost overnight, schools and universities were required to shift to 100% online modality.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

India has about 1.3 billion phones and only 374 million phones are smartphones.

“India has about 1.3 billion phones and only 374 million phones are smartphones.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

An increasing number of consumers are more comfortable with digital platforms and digital commerce.

“An increasing number of consumers are more comfortable with digital platforms and digital commerce.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The UK government did introduce one major new online system successfully, but several others have virtually ground to a halt, either for lack of pieces of paper, from the sheer load on the system, and/or because the system cannot be changed rapidly.

“The UK government did introduce one major new online system successfully, but several others have virtually ground to a halt, either for lack of pieces of paper, from the sheer load on the system, and/or because the system cannot be changed rapidly.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

There is not enough empirical evidence from which to draw firm conclusions about how effective technology is in relation to social interaction with colleagues.

“In terms of how effective technology is in relation to social interaction with colleagues, there is not enough empirical evidence from which to draw firm conclusions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A total of 3.5 million requests have been handled for people and industrial worker movement on the TN-ePASS platform.

“A total of 3.5 million requests have been handled for people and industrial worker movement on this platform (https://tnepass.tnega.org).”

May combine two claims.

In Tamil Nadu, the TN-ePASS system controlled the possible spread of infection by ensuring health protocols were adhered to and Corona positive cases were quarantined and attended to.

“It controlled the possible spread of infection by ensuring the health protocols are fully adhered to and Corona positive cases are quarantined and attended to.”

May combine two claims.

A lot of produce and dairy products were wasted resulting in huge losses for farmers and dairy farmers while at the same time a lot of people were going hungry where the demand was.

“Therefore, a lot of the produce and dairy products were wasted resulting in huge losses for farmers and dairy farmers while at the same time a lot of people were going hungry where the demand was.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Now that China is on the tail end of the outbreak, manufacturing and exports have resumed ensuring that supplies can now be resumed to companies throughout the world.

“Now that China is on the tail end of the outbreak, manufacturing and exports have resumed ensuring that supplies can now be resumed to companies throughout the world.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The COVID-19 symptom study app allows users to report daily whether they are feeling healthy and to record if they have any symptoms related to COVID-19.

“The app allows users to report daily whether they are feeling healthy and they are asked to record if they have any symptoms related to COVID-19.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Aarogya Setu is available to Android and iOS mobile operating systems.

“The app is available to Android and iOS mobile operating systems.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The pandemic has seen a significant rise in the use of social media and remote working platforms.

“The pandemic has seen a significant rise in the use of social media and remote working platforms.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The COVID-19 symptom study app does not use Bluetooth and is not connected to any tracker apps.

“This app does not use Bluetooth and neither connected to any tracker apps.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The technology industry has not been immune to the crisis, as a number of IT/IS companies have announced staff cuts and India is one of the countries that has laid off significant numbers of staff during the pandemic.

“Even the technology industry has not been immune to the crisis, as a number of IT/IS companies have announced staff cuts and India is one of the countries that has laid off significant numbers of staff during the pandemic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

One of the significant ripple impacts of the pandemic has been the widespread layoff of workers.

“One of the significant ripple impacts of the pandemic has been the widespread layoff of workers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Organisations have managed the current situation by requesting employees to work from home to mitigate the spread of the virus and alleviate health concerns of the public.

“Organisations have managed the current situation by requesting employees to work from home to mitigate the spread of the virus and alleviate health concerns of the public.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Ransomware has been a great cause of concern.

“While ransomware has been a great cause of concern”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The change of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant deviation from normal working practices via the use of IS technology and enabled whole swathes of society to continue to function.

“This change of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant deviation from normal working practices via the use of IS technology and enabled whole swathes of society to continue to function.”

May combine two claims.

Loss of taste and smell particularly emerged as key symptoms, with two thirds of users tested positive.

“it was detected that loss of taste and smell particularly emerged as key symptoms, with two thirds of users tested positive.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The turmoil experienced by China during the pandemic has impacted the global supply chain of technology products forcing companies to seek alternative suppliers or to cease production during the pandemic.

“The turmoil experienced by China during the pandemic has impacted the global supply chain of technology products forcing companies to seek alternative suppliers or to cease production during the pandemic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Many controls have limited scalability and also require a lot of time to deploy.

“Many controls have limited scalability and also require a lot of time to deploy.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Cybercriminals are using the heightened digital footprint and traffic to find vulnerabilities and develop COVID-19-themed attacks in the form of phishing emails with malicious attachments that drop malware to steal data and credentials.

“Cybercriminals are using the heightened digital footprint and traffic to find vulnerabilities and develop COVID-19-themed attacks in the form of phishing emails with malicious attachments that drop malware to steal data and credentials.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Malware and phishing schemes operating under the pretext of COVID prevention efforts have seen a steep rise since the COVID-19 outbreak.

“Malware and phishing schemes operating under the pretext of COVID prevention efforts have seen a steep rise since the covid19 outbreak.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Personal data continues to be a lucrative target to hackers during this pandemic.

“Personal data continues to be a lucrative target to hackers during this pandemic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Remote working tools such as videoconferencing systems have been hacked for vulnerabilities; recent examples on Zoom are alarming.

“Remote working tools such as videoconferencing systems have been hacked for vulnerabilities; recent examples on Zoom are alarming.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The US and the UK seem to have changed their IS policy with respect to China and have effectively banned 5G products from China for the forceable future.

“However, the political climate seems to have changed and specific countries such as the US and the UK seem to have changed there IS policy with respect to China and have effectively banned 5G products from China for the forceable future.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

During the COVID-19 crisis cyberthreats are growing at a phenomenal rate.

“During the COVID19 crisis cyberthreats are also growing at a phenomenal rate”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

It is a very difficult task for information managers to enforce security policies and controls on the remote devices used by the workforce.

“It is a very difficult task for information managers to enforce security policies and controls on the remote devices used by the workforce.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Hackers are creating look-a-like websites to host malicious code.

“hackers are creating look-a-like websites to host malicious code.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Apps which give information about COVID-19 patient count-status and links are laden with viruses and identity theft malware.

“Apps which give information about COVID-19 patient count-status and links are laden with viruses and identity theft malware.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Government of India launched Aarogya Setu app on 2nd April 2020, aimed to spread awareness relating to COVID-19 and to connect individuals to essential health services relating to this pandemic.

“Similarly, Government of India has launched 'Aarogya Setu' app on 2 nd April 2020, which is aimed to spread awareness relating to COVID-19 and to connect individuals to the essential health services relating to this pandemic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Layoffs have been felt across all sectors in India, but migrant workers specifically have been severely impacted as they travelled back to their villages mostly on foot for many hundreds of miles.

“This has been felt across all sectors in India, but the migrant workers specifically have been severely impacted as they travelled back to their villages mostly on foot for many hundreds of miles.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The COVID-19 symptom study app is the largest community empowered COVID-19 research project with over 3 million contributors across the UK, the USA and Sweden.

“This is the largest community empowered COVID-19 research project with over 3 million contributors across the UK, the USA and Sweden.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

As the world is busy with the COVID-19 pandemic, cyber-attacks have increased.

“As the world is busy with the COVID-19 pandemic, cyber-attacks have increased.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Research organisations have turned to technology to seek solutions to containing the virus with track and trace systems and the use of technology to seek effective solutions for a vaccine via the use of AI and automated sequencing algorithms.

“Research organisations have turned to technology to seek solutions to containing the virus with track and trace systems and the use of technology to seek effective solutions for a vaccine via the use of AI and automated sequencing algorithms.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Other threats including integrity violation with malicious code injection, brute force attacks, privilege abuse, Denial of Service (DoS) and variants, port scan, firmware downgrade attempts, Crypto mining and crypto-jacking attacks have also increased substantially.

“other threats including integrity violation with malicious code injection, brute force attacks, privilege abuse, Denial of Service (DoS) and variants, port scan, firmware downgrade attempts, Crypto mining and crypto-jacking attacks have also increased substantially.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Before the pandemic, cyber-attacks were a concern for several technology-focused organisations, but after the spread of the virus, it has become a concern for all organisations.

“Even during the prepandemic period, cyber-attacks was a concern for several technology focussed organisations, but after the spread of the virus, it has become a concern for all organisations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

For several organisations, business continuation plans (BCP) and incident response plans (IRP) are non-existent.

“For several organisations, business continuation plans (BCP) and incident response plans (IRP) are non-existent.”

May combine two claims.

Aarogya Setu is designed to keep track of other app users that a person came in contact with in the recent past and alerts app users if any of the contacts tests positive with COVID-19.

“Similar to the app developed in Singapore, this app is also designed to keep track of other app users that a person came in contact with in the recent past.It then alerts app users if any of the contacts tests positive with COVID-19 (The Hindu, 2020).”

• cites The Hindu, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

These look-a-like and fake websites have also been soliciting donations for those in financial crisis and are duping donors.

“These look-a-like and fake websites have also been soliciting donations for those who in financial crisis and are duping donors.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Many organisations were prepared to allow their employees to work from home and hence have allowed their employees and partners to use their personal digital devices granting access to enterprise applications.

“Many organisations were prepared to allow their employees to work from home and hence have allowed their employees and partners to use their personal digital devices granting access to enterprise applications.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In Tamil Nadu, GIS information system was used to decide which blocks are safer for opening up the rural employment guarantee programme.

“In Tamil Nadu when the Government wanted to provide relief to the stressed farm workers and daily wage earners, the GIS information system was used to decide which blocks are safer for opening up the rural employment guarantee programme.”

May combine two claims.

Aarogya Setu is fundamentally a tracking app available in 11 different Indian languages, which uses the smartphone's GPS and Bluetooth features to track the coronavirus infection.

“It is fundamentally a tracking app available in 11 different Indian languages, which uses the smartphone's GPS and Bluetooth features to track the coronavirus infection.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Hackers have been exploiting various methods to steal valuable and sensitive corporate and personal information.

“Hackers have been exploiting various methods to steal valuable and sensitive corporate and personal information.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The transformation to accommodate home working and the change in consumer working practices has enabled key sectors of the IT/IS market to expand quickly to accommodate the surge in demand for key products such as Zoom, WebEx and Microsoft Teams.

“The transformation to accommodate home working and the change in consumer working practices has enabled key sectors of the IT/IS market to expand quickly to accommodate the surge in demand for key products such as Zoom, WebEx and Microsoft Teams.”

May combine two claims.

The widespread use of these technologies throughout the population presents a number of security and privacy implications that are as yet unresolved, constraining wider diffusion in some countries and effectively limiting infection tracing effectiveness.

“However, the widespread use of these technologies throughout the population, presents a number of security and privacy implications that are as yet unresolved, constraining wider diffusion in some countries and effectively limiting infection tracing effectiveness (Fahey & Hino, 2020;Rowe 2020).”

• cites Fahey & Hino, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Rowe 2020 sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified pressure in most industries where firms struggle to cope with a number of uncertainties with respect to both supply and demand.

“The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified pressure in most industries where firms struggle to cope with a number of uncertainties with respect to both supply and demand.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

One of the biggest problems faced by leaders and managers is imperfect information that may be incomplete, imprecise, uncertain, unreliable, vague, or partially true.

“Imperfect information -COVID-19 is the ultimate leadership and management challenge, but one of the biggest problems faced by leaders and managers is imperfect information that may be incomplete, imprecise, uncertain, unreliable, vague, or partially true.”

• cites Lodge & Boin, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Marr, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

AI has great potential to significantly improve decision making, to reach better decisions, to boost our analytic and decision-making abilities, and to heighten creativity.

“It is argued that AI has great potential to significantly improve decision making (Duan, Edwards, & Dwivedi, 2019), to reach better decisions, to boost our analytic and decision-making abilities, and to heighten creativity (Wilson & Daugherty, 2018).”

• cites Duan, Edwards, & Dwivedi, 2019 sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Wilson & Daugherty, 2018Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Many organisations have been forced to adopt new ways of remote working using new digital systems for communication and to completely rethink their business models to adapt to the realities of the COVID-19 environment.

“Many organisations have been forced to adopt new ways of remote working using new digital systems for communication and to completely rethink their business models to adapt to the realities of the COVID-19 environment (Carroll & Conboy, 2020).”

• cites Carroll & Conboy, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Information on the role and impact of AI during the pandemic appears to be limited.

“However, information on the role and impact of AI during the pandemic appears to be limited.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Decision makers in all sectors including government, public services, health care, social care, commercial companies, etc. appear to be struggling with making effective decisions quickly across all decision-making levels from strategic, tactical to operational.

“Decision makers in all sectors including government, public services, health care, social care, commercial companies, etc. appear to be struggling with making effective decisions quickly across all decision-making levels from strategic, tactical to operational.”

May combine two claims.

Online businesses such as social media platforms Twitter, Facebook, or digital platforms such as Google, where the majority of business activities are digital and value is created from digital services, the disruption from COVID-19 appears to have small negative effects on their sales but could be challenged mainly from the sharp decrease of advertising revenues.

“Online businesses such as social media platforms Twitter, Facebook, or digital platforms such as Google, where the majority of business activities are digital and value is created from digital services, the disruption from COVID-19 appears to have small negative effects on their sales 2 but could be challenged mainly from the sharp decrease of advertising revenues 3 .”

• cites https://www.cnet.com/news/google-beats-sales-expectations-despite-economic-toll-of-coronavirus/Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/30/twitter-q1-sales-up-3-to-808m-as-it-swigs-to-a-loss-on-covid-19-mdaus- hit-record-166m/Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

One of the most critical challenges in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is making the right decisions at the right time for the right reasons.

“There is no doubt that one of the most critical challenges in dealing with the COVID -19 pandemic is making the right decisions at the right time for the right reasons.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

It is yet to be deduced whether maintaining social interactions with colleagues via technology is more hype than reality.

“In the current pandemic, it is yet to be deduced whether maintaining social interactions with colleagues via technology is more hype than reality.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Each key activity of epidemic management requires an end to end technology solution.

“Each one of these activities requires an end to end technology solution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

AI has great potential to assist human decision makers in speeding up the decision making process, especially in an emergency scenario where humans are under huge pressure.

“AI has great potential to assist human decision makers in speeding up the decision making process, especially in an emergency scenario where humans are under huge pressure.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Making decisions in a high-tempo, high-consequence environment where information is incomplete and there are no clear right answers is unprecedented in its degree of uncertainty.

“Making decisions in a high-tempo, high-consequence environment where information is incomplete and there are no clear right answers is unprecedented in its degree of uncertainty.(Aon, 2020).”

• cites Aon, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Managing a crisis of this scale requires some of the most advanced tools of technology.

“Managing a crisis of this scale requires some of the most advanced tools of technology.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The entire technology effort becomes meaningful only if we can convert the data into policy intelligence and extract meaningful information to help decision makers.

“The entire technology effort becomes meaningful only if we can convert the data into policy intelligence and extract meaningful information to help the decision makers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

There is clearly no substitute for face-to-face interaction, hence why many people are struggling whilst working from home during the pandemic.

“There is clearly no substitute for face-to-face interaction, hence why many people are struggling whilst working from home during the pandemic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Information such as geographical spread of infection, mortality rate, transmission rate, and trend analysis become critical tools for building a robust policy response to contain the crisis.

“Information such as geographical spread of infection, mortality rate, transmission rate, trend analysis etc, become critical tools for building a robust policy response to contain the crisis.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

When separated from their work environment, colleagues and social environment, individuals can increasingly feel disconnected from both their jobs and co-workers.

“When separated from their work environment, colleagues and social environment, individuals can increasingly feel disconnected from both their jobs and co-workers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

For those specifically fighting COVID-19, data is also key: accurate data, timely data and comparable data.

“And for those specifically fighting COVID-19, data is also key: accurate data, timely data and (this one may be less familiar to us in IM) comparable data.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There is a tension between information privacy and security: not the security of the information but our personal security.

“We have also learnt that there is a tension between information privacy and security: not the security of the information (we knew that) but our personal security.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The missed call IVRS innovation by Tamil Nadu Government made communication inclusive and accessible.

“This simple innovation made the communication inclusive and accessible.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

Separation from the work environment can result in reduced productivity.

“(v) their productivity”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

No country was prepared to handle something like this.

“No country was prepared to handle something like this.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

One of the key requirements of a successful epidemic management is the ability to clearly and effectively communicate with people and make them aware of the infection and ways to prevent its spread.

“One of the key requirements of a successful epidemic management is the ability to clearly and effectively communicate with people and make them aware of the infection and ways to prevent it's spread.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Separation from the work environment can result in feelings of anxiety and depression.

“(ii) feelings of anxiety and depression”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Homeworking has increased since the 1990s owing to technological developments and organisations offering more flexible modes of working.

“The subject of homeworking, where traditionally office-based workers now work from home by means of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), has increased since the 1990s owing to technological developments and organisations offering more flexible modes of working.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The COVID-19 epidemic is an unprecedented disaster.

“The COVID-19 epidemic is an unprecedented disaster.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Technology can provide useful means of communication.

“We acknowledge that technology can provide useful means of communication.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

AI is regarded as having so far not been very useful in tracking and predicting the spread of the disease.

“1. Ability to deal with imperfect information -AI is regarded as having so far not been very useful in tracking and predicting the spread of the disease (Naudé, 2020).”

• cites Naudé, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The present coronavirus crisis has emerged as a major challenge to humanity.

“The present coronavirus crisis has emerged as a major challenge to humanity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Data from COVID-19 suggest that disruptions disproportionately affect minorities and women.

“Data from COVID-19 suggest that disruptions disproportionately affect minorities and women.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Use of natural language processing (NLP) can help bridge the literacy and technology divide and help deliver the message in the local language of people.

“Use of natural language processing (NLP) can help bridge the literacy and technology divide and help deliver the message in the local language of people.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Separation from the work environment can result in feelings of being left out from decision-making processes.

“(iii) feelings of being left out from decision-making processes”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Civilisation as we know it would now collapse without the internet.

“but it really does seem that civilisation as we know it would now collapse without the internet.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

How successful technology is in enabling social interactions and social relationships amongst the workforce depends, to some degree, on how an organisation chooses to use it.

“Thus, how successful technology is in enabling social interactions and social relationships amongst the workforce depends, to some degree, on how an organisation chooses to use it.”

May combine two claims.

The pandemic has effectively shown where current AI can help, but also its limitations.

“The pandemic has effectively shown where current AI can help, but also its limitations (Grossman, 2020).”

• cites Grossman, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

WFH has positive side effects including reducing congestion on roads and lowering pollution levels.

“This has many other positive side effects including reducing congestion on the roads and subsequent lowering of pollution levels.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Research from the post-2008 financial crisis analysis suggests that organisations that can leverage information technologies to transform their business models are likely to fare better in the new normal.

“Research from the post-2008 financial crisis analysis suggests that organisations that can leverage information technologies to transform their business models are likely to fare better in the new normal.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

IM, and especially the management of information technology, has been central to enabling many people and organisations to work from home.

“IM, and especially the management of information technology, has been central to this.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

One implication of social distancing and WFH is an increase in feelings of social isolation in the absence of face-to-face interaction with colleagues.

“One such implication is an increase in feelings of social isolation in the absence of face-to-face interaction with colleagues.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

WFH reduces the need for space and subsequent rent related costs.

“as it reduces the need for space and subsequent rent related costs”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Technology is merely a tool and the degree of success it has depends on how individuals respond to it.

“technology is merely a tool and the degree of success it has depends on how individuals respond to it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The meaning of organisation, teamworking and colleagues has changed as work-related activities become increasingly dependent upon technology.

“Thus, the meaning of 'organisation', 'teamworking' and 'colleagues' has changed as work-related activities become increasingly dependent upon technology.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Lack of integration has literally cost lives during the pandemic.

“Lack of integration has literally cost lives during the pandemic.”

May combine two claims.

Some homeworkers may prefer to have no social interaction with colleagues or may lose friendships with colleagues whilst working at a distance, and therefore would have very limited to no social interaction with colleagues.

“On the contrary, despite the technological affordances that may be available, some homeworkers may prefer to have no social interaction with colleagues or may lose friendships with colleagues whilst working at a distant so therefore would have very limited to no social interaction with colleagues (Lal and Dwivedi, 2009).”

• cites Lal and Dwivedi, 2009Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

An epidemic like this needs the public authorities to respond on multiple fronts.

“An epidemic like this needs the public authorities to respond on multiple fronts.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Workplaces enable humans to fulfil the need to associate and identify with others through long-term, positive relationships.

“our workplaces enable us to fulfil this need”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The need to associate and identify with others through long-term, positive relationships is a fundamental motivation in all humans.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Data can be a political tool.

“Sadly, we have also learnt -if we didn't already know -that data can be a political tool.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Due to the nature of COVID-19 pandemic, fast decisions are required.

“Urgency -Due to the nature of COVID -19 pandemic, fast decisions are required.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Information managers who protect their organisations' people, technology and data from cybercriminals will be one among several crucial players in the economic turnaround.

“Information managers who protect their organisations' people, technology and data from the cybercriminals will be one among the several crucial players in the economic turnaround.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The rapid outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has brought an unprecedented global health crisis that will have immense concerns for our economic and social well-being.

“The rapid outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has brought an unprecedented global health crisis that will have immense concerns for our economic and social well-being (Baines and Elliott, 2020).”

• cites Baines and Elliott, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Use of mobile technology can play a vital role in tracing the individuals contracting the virus and allow others in taking corrective measures to stay away from potential areas of fear.

“and the use of mobile technology can play a vital role in tracing the individuals' contracting the virus and allow others in taking corrective measures to stay away from potential areas of fear.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Multi-factor authentication services can enable stringent risk-based access to internal applications of the organisation that are opened for remote access.

“Multi-factor authentication services can also enable stringent risk-based access to internal applications of the organisation that are opened for remote access.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The UK way of tracking this pandemic through the mobile technology app is different to other countries and it is very effective.

“The UK way of tracking this pandemic through the mobile technology app is different to other countries and it is very effective.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The IS industry has managed to survive earlier recessions and global downturns over a number of decades.

“The IS industry has managed to survive earlier recessions and global downturns over a number of decades.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Allowing such users without stringent security mechanisms and controls is a significant threat and a vulnerable area for hacking.

“This is highly risky, as allowing such users without stringent security mechanisms and controls is a significant threat and a vulnerable area for hacking.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Few industries can imagine operating remotely without the support of technology to continue operating to meet customer needs.

“Few industries can imagine operating remotely without the support of technology to continue operating to meet customer needs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Without technology and the use of IS, the impact of the virus would likely have been more widespread with deeper impacts to economies and society in general.

“but without technology and the use of IS, it could be reasonably argued that the impact of the virus would likely to have been more widespread with deeper impacts to economies and society in general.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The app posed serious concerns about data security and privacy of individual information.

“This posed serious concerns about data security and privacy of individual information (Collins, 2020).”

• cites Collins, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Cloud-based security and platform services enable organisations to increase dynamic scalability.

“They also enable organisations to increase dynamic scalability.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Although use of technology cannot stop the spread of the pandemic, it can instruct, alert and enable us of the situation to significantly reduce its effect.

“Although use of technology cannot stop the spread of the pandemic, it can instruct, alert and enable us of the situation to significantly reduce its effect (van Beijma, 2015).”

• cites van Beijma, 2015Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

COVID-19 has led to severe impact on almost every industry and business.

“The entire world is reeling through the effects of COVID-19 that has led to severe impact on almost every industry and business.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Digital tracing presents serious social, legal and ethical issues.

“Despite its potential benefits in controlling and even preventing pandemics, UK researchers have found that this kind of digital tracing presents some serious social, legal and ethical issues.”

• cites Collins, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The pandemic has ushered in a new era of cyber security.

“The pandemic has ushered in a new era of cyber security.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Technology could be constructively used to spread awareness and other people who may have any suspicion could take necessary action to self-isolate themselves to stop the spread of this virus.

“This way the technology could be constructively used to spread awareness and other people who may have any suspicion could take necessary action to self-isolate themselves to stop the spread of this virus.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The IS sector is one of the key industries that has delivered real change and positively impacted both industry and wider society during this crisis.

“The IS sector is one of the key industries that has delivered real change and positively impacted both industry and wider society during this crisis.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The urgent requirement is to have widespread testing and thorough contact tracing in place to ensure that further spread of this disease is suppressed.

“That means, the urgent requirement is to have widespread testing and thorough contact tracing in place to ensure that further spread of this disease is suppressed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Technology is a sector that could provide significant impact on an outbreak of COVID-19.

“Technology is a sector that could provide significant impact on an outbreak of COVID-19.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

During the spread of an epidemic, communication could be a vital tool that helps us not only to spot the virus but also to confine it by making the local population aware about it.

“During the spread of an epidemic, communication could be a vital tool that helps us not only to spot the virus but also to confine it by making the local population aware about it”

May combine two claims.

Aarogya Setu helps people to understand the situation relating to the spread of virus in the surrounding area and take any further decision to travel.

“which very much helps people to understand the situation relating to the spread of virus in the surrounding area and take any further decision to travel.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Cloud-based security and platform services reduce deployment time.

“Cloud-based security and platform services reduce deployment time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Organisations can use privileged access management services to allow special remote access to their application administrators.

“Organisations can also use privileged access management services to allow special remote access to their application administrators.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The products Zoom, WebEx and Microsoft Teams have enabled business continuity but have also connected people during isolation.

“The products have enabled business continuity but have also connected people during isolation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Cloud-based managed detection and response services can be extended to remote workplaces.

“Cloud-based managed detection and response services can be extended to remote workplaces.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Information managers have a vital role to play to ensure data availability and data access to all employees who work from home.

“information mangers have a vital role to play to ensure data availability and data access to all employees who work from home.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Cloud-based data leakage prevention and threat-protection controls can help safeguard organization's critical assets.

“Cloud-based data leakage prevention and threat-protection controls can also help safeguard organization's critical assets.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Many aspects of the technology industry are heavily dependent on China for raw materials and hardware supplies especially 5G related products.

“Many aspects of the technology industry are heavily dependent on China for raw materials and hardware supplies especially 5G related products.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

It is likely that the huge demand for homeworking and the necessary change in network infrastructure to accommodate this during the COVID-19 crisis will engender a lasting impact on peoples working habits, as employees may continue to seek to work remotely for the forceable future or adapt to a new blended working process.

“It is likely that the huge demand for homeworking and the necessary change in network infrastructure to accommodate this during the COVID-19 crisis, will engender a lasting impact on peoples working habits, as employees may continue to seek to work remotely for the forceable future or adapt to a new blended working process.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Organisations that use secure remote access technology can give remote employees private access to enterprise applications and systems.

“Organisations that use secure remote access technology can give remote employees private access to enterprise applications and systems.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Technology in itself is not a panacea and cannot replace other policy measures, but it plays a vital role within crisis management.

“Moreover, this would also highlight that technology in itself is not a panacea and cannot replace other policy measures, but it plays a vital role within crisis management (Kritikos, 2020).”

• cites Kritikos, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The immediate need around the world is to suppress the virus, which is possible by detecting it and breaking the chain of transmission until the time vaccine is available to cure it.

“The immediate need around the world is to suppress the virus, which is possible by detecting it and breaking the chain of transmission until the time vaccine is available to cure it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The role of information security leaders is highly critical.

“Under these circumstances, the role of information security leaders is highly critical.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Technology has been pivotal in the efforts to develop a vaccine for COVID-19.

“Furthermore, technology has been pivotal in the efforts to develop a vaccine and has proved to be transformational in the efforts to track and trace COVID outbreaks in many countries throughout the world.”

May combine two claims.

Business leaders and executives worldwide face unprecedented business challenges such as disruption of timely and necessary information, broken supply chains, delayed decision making, increased uncertainty, and the collapse of demand.

“Alongside the health and humanitarian crisis, business leaders and executives worldwide face unprecedented business challenges such as disruption of timely and necessary information, broken supply chains, delayed decision making, increased uncertainty, and the collapse of demand (Pedersen & Ritter 2020).”

• cites Pedersen & Ritter 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Smartphone penetration within India was 26% in 2018 and is predicted to reach 36% by 2022.

“For example, smartphone penetration within India was found to be at only 26% in 2018 and is predicted to reach 36% level by 2022 (Jaganmohan, 2019).”

• cites Jaganmohan, 2019Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There are security concerns with the Aarogya Setu App that put the privacy of millions of Indians at risk.

“However, experts are claiming that there are security concerns with the Aarogya Setu App that puts privacy of millions of Indians at risk (Singh, 2020;Chandwani, Sharma & Singh, 2020).”

• cites Singh, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Chandwani, Sharma & Singh, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

It is critical for officials to communicate clear and reassuring messages during crisis management scenarios and to monitor social media platforms to ensure that official messages are not used and retweeted to reinforce an alarmist narrative within social communities.

“The study posits the criticality of officials communicating clear and reassuring messages during crisis management scenarios and the monitoring of social media platforms to ensure that official messages are not used and retweeted to reinforce and alarmist narrative within social communities.”

• cites Rao et al. (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Information systems are important during the pandemic and relevant in achieving strategic success.

“Shiffman (2020) and Shiffman and Shawar (2020) indicated the importance of information systems during the Pandemic and its relevance in achieving strategic success.”

• cites Shiffman (2020)Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Shiffman and Shawar (2020)Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The pandemic has forced governments and decision makers to reassess how they use IS and to extend the use of technology to mitigate many of the societal impacts of the spreading virus.

“The pandemic has forced governments and decision makers to reassess how they use IS and to extend the use of technology to mitigate many of the societal impacts of the spreading virus.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Organisations have needed to manage a step change in disruption during the enforced transformation to digital, as they have attempted to maintain business continuity.

“What is clear from the COVID-19 related research is that organisations as well as people have needed to manage a step change in disruption during the enforced transformation to digital, as they have attempted to maintain business continuity and communication with stakeholders and family members respectively.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The adaptability to survive the change to business models is associated with agility and the ability to utilise opportunities.

“The strategic shift in digitisation achieved by many organisations during the pandemic is analysed in Seetharaman (2020), where the study asserts the adaptability to survive the change to business models is associated with their agility and ability to utilise opportunities.”

• cites Seetharaman (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

A significant proportion of the population is deprived of relevant resources to use such apps, which means it would be impossible to use such technology for controlling the spread of pandemic amongst the wider population.

“But these figures still indicate that there are a significant proportion of population, which is still deprived of having relevant resources to use such apps, which means it would be impossible to use such technology for controlling the spread of pandemic amongst the wider population.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Decision makers have perhaps underestimated the concerns and subsequent reticence to use track and tracing apps where the safeguarding of personal data is deemed not to be a priority.

“These issues align with the concerns raised in Rowe (2020) and Fahey & Hino (2020) where decision makers have perhaps underestimated the concerns and subsequent reticence to use track and tracing apps where the safeguarding of personal data is deemed not to be a priority.”

• cites Rowe (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Fahey & Hino (2020)Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The topics of privacy and security are key underlying concerns for many citizens during the pandemic, as governments have rolled out track and trace apps for mobile phones to alert possible infection routes within the population.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Technology has proved to be transformational in the efforts to track and trace COVID outbreaks in many countries throughout the world.

“Furthermore, technology has been pivotal in the efforts to develop a vaccine and has proved to be transformational in the efforts to track and trace COVID outbreaks in many countries throughout the world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Organisations need an adaptive and formal IS strategic process to deal in a critical and untimely situation such as a pandemic.

“Thus, organisation needs an adaptive and formal IS strategic process to deal in such a critical and untimely situation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Ad hoc IS strategies will not work and consume time, effort, and resources.

“Scholars have advised avoiding ad hoc IS strategies as they will not work and consume time, effort, and resources (Parent, 2020).”

• cites Parent, 2020 sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The key threads within this group of perspectives align with the observations in Papagiannidis et al. (2020) and Barnes (2020) on the ability of humans and organisations to change their behaviours and role of technology in making real change within a societal context.

“The key threads within this group of perspectives align with the observations in Papagiannidis et al. (2020) and Barnes (2020) on the ability of humans and organisations to change their behaviours and role of technology in making real change within a societal context.”

• cites Papagiannidis et al. (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites Barnes (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Twitter is the key platform for rapid communication during emergencies.

“The role of Twitter as the key platform for rapid communication during emergencies is widely documented (Kim et al. 2018), as users tend to use this specific platform as the medium for concise and targeted messaging to online communities.”

• cites Kim et al. 2018 sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Making available wearable Bluetooth enabled cheaper devices will improve the number of citizens that use them for better and accurate estimation of coronavirus infections, and will help government and health organisations to control the further spread of this disease.

“This will improve the number of citizens that use them for better and accurate estimation of coronavirus infections, but also help government and health organisations to control the further spread of this disease (Kelion, 2020).”

• cites Kelion, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The post-COVID-19 era offers the chance to address many of these issues and use technology to deliver a more inclusive and sustainable world.

“The post-COVID-19 era offers the chance to address many of these issues and use technology to deliver a more inclusive and sustainable world (Pan et al. 2020).”

• cites Pan et al. 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

People have needed to manage a step change in disruption during the enforced transformation to digital, as they have attempted to maintain communication with family members.

“What is clear from the COVID-19 related research is that organisations as well as people have needed to manage a step change in disruption during the enforced transformation to digital, as they have attempted to maintain business continuity and communication with stakeholders and family members respectively.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The COVID-19 contact tracing app Aarogya Setu was downloaded by 100 million users within 6 weeks of its launch.

“In India, COVID-19 contact tracing app, Aarogya Setu (bridge to health in the Sanskrit language) was downloaded by 100 million users within 6 weeks of its launch (Clarance, 2020).”

• cites Clarance, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Underpinning the ability of governments, industry, and wider society to continue to operate and function within the COVID-19 pandemic is a reliance on IS technology.

“It is clear that underpinning the ability of governments, industry, and wider society to continue to operate and function within the COVID-19 pandemic, is a reliance on IS technology.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Downloads of Zoom increased 14 times in the US, 14 times in the UK and 55 times in Italy when compared to pre-pandemic levels.

“The study highlights the step change in usage of cloud based collaboration and team working services is staggering with downloads of Zoom alone at levels of 14 times in the US, 14 times in the UK and 55 times in Italy when compared to prepandemic levels.”

• cites Kodama (2020) sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Aarogya Setu helps in the collection of data generated by Bluetooth and GPS to identify COVID-19 infected persons that could have been in close proximity of the infected user, as well as creating hotspots to minimise the spread of the virus.

“This app is helping in the collection of data that is generated by technologies such as Bluetooth and GPS using the user's mobile device to identify COVID-19 infected persons that could have been in close proximity of the infected user (Clarance, 2020) as well as creating hotspots to minimise the spread of the virus.”

• cites Clarance, 2020Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.