Cited by 3,806Immune cells in cancerInflammatory mediators and NSAID effectsCancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Inflammation and cancer: triggers, mechanisms, and consequences

Open access
Greten, Florian R., Grivennikov, Sergei I.·2019·Immunity

Abstract

Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to form an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells within the TME are highly plastic, continuously changing their phenotypic and functional characteristics. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We discuss how tumor-promoting inflammation closely resembles inflammatory processes typically found during development, immunity, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, or tissue repair and illuminate the distinctions between tissue-protective and pro-tumorigenic inflammation, including spatiotemporal considerations. Defining the cornerstone rules of engagement governing molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor-promoting inflammation will be essential for further development of anti-cancer therapies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025

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Authors
Greten, F. R., & Grivennikov, S. I.
Affiliations
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
  • Greten, Florian R.
  • Grivennikov, Sergei I.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-07
Volume
51
Issue
1
Pages
27-41
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2959497269
Cited by
3,806
References
178
Citations by year
2026: 457 · 2025: 640 · 2024: 753 · 2023: 715 · 2022: 664 · 2021: 397 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 16
FWCI
26.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01CA227629, CA218133)
  • Pew Scholar in Biomedical Sciences
  • US-Israel BSF
  • NIH (P30 CA-006927)
  • Georg-Speyer-Haus
  • LOEWE Center Frankfurt Cancer Institute (III L 5 - 519/03/03.001 - (0015), FOR2438: Gr1916/11-1, SFB 815, 1177, 1292)
  • German Federal Ministry of Health
  • Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts of the State of Hessen
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Keywords
tumor inflammation, tumor inflammatory microenvironment, carcinogenesis, tumor initiation, tumor progression, metastasis, tumor-stroma interactions, cellular plasticity, tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, cancer therapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Chronic Disease, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Neoplasms, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Wound Healing, Autoimmunity, Tumor Microenvironment, Carcinogenesis

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