White matter microstructure in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their siblings
Open accessAbstract
Objective Previous voxel-based and regions-of-interest (ROI)-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have found above-normal mean diffusivity (MD) and below-normal fractional anisotropy (FA) in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings remain mixed, and few studies have examined the contribution of ADHD familial liability to white matter microstructure.Method We used refined DTI tractography methods to examine MD, FA, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of the anterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps major, forceps minor, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus in children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 56), unaffected siblings of ADHD probands (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 17).Results Subjects with ADHD showed significantly higher MD than controls in the anterior thalamic radiation, forceps minor, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Unaffected siblings of subjects with ADHD displayed similar differences in MD as subjects with ADHD. Although none of the tested tracts showed a significant effect of FA, the tracts with elevated MD likewise displayed elevated AD both in subjects with ADHD and in unaffected siblings. Differences in RD between subjects with ADHD, unaffected siblings, and controls were not as widespread as differences in MD and AD.Conclusion Our findings suggest that disruptions in white matter microstructure occur in several large white matter pathways in association with ADHD and indicate a familial liability for the disorder. Furthermore, MD may reflect these abnormalities more sensitively than FA.
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The increased MD findings are in agreement with previous studies in children and adolescents with ADHD.
“More specifically, increased MD in the left middle temporal gyrus, right internal capsule, and right midbrain suggests reduced white matter density and potential myelin breakdown associated with an adult ADHD diagnosis [4], which is in agreement with in increased MD found in previous studies in children and adolescents with ADHD [47].”
From The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults—a magnetic resonance imaging study (2017) · cites this paper as [47]
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“The JHU-ICBM-tract atlas [Wakana et al., 2007] was used to define regions of interest (ROI) for major fiber bundles that have previously demonstrated importance in ADHD [Chuang et al., 2013; Lawrence et al., 2013; Silk et al., 2009; Tamm et al., 2012].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
- Authors
- Lawrence, K. E., Levitt, J. G., Loo, S. K., Ly, R., Yee, V., O’Neill, J., Alger, J., & Narr, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Narr, Katherine L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 431-440.e4
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3633105
- OpenAlex
- W2023030156
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC1MH088507, R01MH092301)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013642)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, white matter microstructure, diffusion tensor imaging, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, white matter tracts, familial liability, unaffected siblings, children and adolescents, tractography
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Siblings, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Leukoencephalopathies
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