Federated learning for secure IoMT-applications in smart healthcare systems: A comprehensive review
Open accessAbstract
Recent developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) and various communication technologies have reshaped numerous application areas. Nowadays, IoT is assimilated into various medical devices and equipment, leading to the progression of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Therefore, various IoMT-based healthcare applications are deployed and used in the day-to-day scenario. Traditionally, machine learning (ML) models use centralized data compilation and learning that is impractical in pragmatic healthcare frameworks due to rising privacy and data security issues. Federated Learning (FL) has been observed as a developing distributed collective paradigm, the most appropriate for modern healthcare framework, that manages various stakeholders (e.g., patients, hospitals, laboratories, etc.) to carry out training of the models without the actual exchange of sensitive medical data. Consequently, in this work, the authors present an exhaustive survey on the security of FL-based IoMT applications in smart healthcare frameworks. First, the authors introduced IoMT devices, their types, applications, datasets, and the IoMT security framework in detail. Subsequently, the concept of FL, its application domains, and various tools used to develop FL applications are discussed. The significant contribution of FL in deploying secure IoMT systems is presented by focusing on FL-based IoMT applications, patents, real-world FL-based healthcare projects, and datasets. A comparison of FL-based security techniques with other schemes in the smart healthcare ecosystem is also presented. Finally, the authors discussed the challenges faced and potential future research recommendations to deploy secure FL-based IoMT applications in smart healthcare frameworks.
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One study discovered that remote healthcare institutions with inadequate internet access had communication delays that prolonged training periods by more than 50% compared to metropolitan settings with reliable internet access.
“For example, one study discovered that, in contrast to metropolitan settings with reliable internet access, remote healthcare institutions with inadequate internet access had communication delays that prolonged training periods by more than 50%.”
From Federated Learning in Smart Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review on Privacy, Security, and Predictive Analytics with IoT Integration (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
In some remote regions, internet access is so limited that models are only able to synchronize every few days, which significantly limits the overall learning process.
“Moreover, in some remote regions, internet access is so limited that models are only able to synchronize every few days, which significantly limits the overall learning process [29].”
From Federated Learning in Smart Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review on Privacy, Security, and Predictive Analytics with IoT Integration (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
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“On the other hand, this review summarizes the technical framework integrating the two, and summarizes the application scenarios in healthcare [36,37], finance [38], industry [39], and so on.”
An Intelligent and Explainable SaaS-Based Intrusion Detection System for Resource-Constrained IoMT
Aljuhani, A., Alamri, A., Kumar, P., & Jolfaei, A. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3327024 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Edge computing alleviates this burden by enabling data preprocessing and analysis at the edge of the network, minimizing the need for data transmission to remote servers [12], [13].”
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FedCRMW: Federated model ownership verification with compression-resistant model watermarking
Nie, H., & Lu, S. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123776 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Alsolami, T., Alsharif, B., & Ilyas, M. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24185937 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Scalable IoMT solutions are necessary to maintain reliable and uninterrupted healthcare services [13].”
BackgroundMetaverse and its impact on medical education and health care system: A narrative review
Ghaempanah, F., Ghafari, B. M., Hesami, D., Zadeh, R. H., Noroozpoor, R., Ghalibaf, A. M., & Hasanabadi, P. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70100 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“75,76”
Khan, M. F., & Abaoud, M. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3326155 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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“x 2017-2021 [28] x x ✓ ✓ ✓ 2021-2023 [29] x x”
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“FL has been used in IoMT settings for secure smart healthcare applications, and the recent advances and challenges can be found in a recent review [7].”
Self-citationZukaib, U., Cui, X., Zheng, C., Dong, L., & Din, S. U. (2024) · Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing · doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2024.104934 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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“Protocols using entangled photons have shown proof of security against individual attacks (Rani et al. 2023 ).”
IoMT: A Medical Resource Management System Using Edge Empowered Blockchain Federated Learning
Muazu, T., Mao, Y., Muhammad, A. U., bin Ibrahim, M., Samuel, O., & Tiwari, P. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3308331 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationA comprehensive survey on impact of applying various technologies on the internet of medical things
El-deep, S. E., Abohany, A. A., Sallam, K. M., & El-Mageed, A. A. A. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-11063-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Federated learning for anomaly detection on Internet of Medical Things: A survey
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“FL involves training a global model collaboratively by each system component (such as hospitals, IoMTs, or healthcare centers) across a decentralized network [12].”
Advancing breast, lung and prostate cancer research with federated learning. A systematic review
Ankolekar, A., Boie, S. D., Abdollahyan, M., Gadaleta, E., Hasheminasab, S. A., Yang, G., Beauville, C., Δικαίος, Ν., Kastis, G. A., Bussmann, M., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01591-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“For instance, unlike previous review papers which primarily focus on data privacy 40,41 or general FL applications in healthcare 10,11,42 – 45 , none of which speci fi cally address oncology, our review speci fi cally examines the real-world impact of FL on model performance and generalisability…”
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“Jamroz et al. [153], Rani et al. [154], and Ahmed et al. [139] described digital signatures as a cryptographic mechanism for protecting IoMT devices and SHSs, as well as for authenticating and authorizing legitimate healthcare users to access and utilize sensitive medical data held in healthcare…”
BackgroundEnhancing medical image classification via federated learning and pre-trained model
Srinivasu, P. N., JayaLakshmi, G., Narahari, S. C., Shafi, J., Choi, J., & Ijaz, M. F. (2024) · Egyptian Informatics Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eij.2024.100530 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Adversarial Attacks in Machine Learning: Key Insights and Defense Approaches
Khaleel, Y. L., Habeeb, M. A., & Alnabulsi, H. (2024) · Applied Data Science and Analysis · doi:10.58496/adsa/2024/011 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Blockchain-Empowered Federated Learning: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions
Cai, Z., Chen, J., Fan, Y., Zheng, Z., & Li, K. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Big Data · doi:10.1109/tbdata.2025.3541560 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“In summary, the judicious use of FL can break down data barriers, leading to its widespread application in healthcare [15], [16], finance [17], [18], industry [19], [20] and so on.”
Privacy-by-Design with Federated Learning will drive future Rare Disease Research
Süwer, S., Ullah, M. S., Probul, N., Maier, A., & Baumbach, J. (2024) · Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases · doi:10.1177/22143602241296276 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“140 Federated learning for rare diseases.”
AI‐driven Digital Twin and Resource Optimization in Industry 4.0 Ecosystem
Bhambri, P., Rani, S., & Khang, A. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394227990.ch3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationpFedKT: Personalized federated learning with dual knowledge transfer
Yi, L., Shi, X., Wang, N., Wang, G., Liu, X., Shi, Z., & Yu, H. (2024) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2024.111633 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
IoT-Enabled Secure and Intelligent Smart Healthcare
Shafik, W. (2024) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2373-1.ch015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Survey of Federated Learning Models for Spatial-Temporal Mobility Applications
Belal, Y., Mokhtar, S. B., Haddadi, H., Wang, J., & Mashhadi, A. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems · doi:10.1145/3666089 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Review on the Security Vulnerabilities of the IoMT Against Malware Attacks and DDoS
Dzamesi, L., & ElSayed, Z. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Computing and Machine Intelligence (ICMI) · doi:10.1109/icmi65310.2025.11141098 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Figure 1 shows an example of IoMT devices [6].”
Selvi, G. C., Murugan, R., Yenduri, G., Gurrammagari, D. R., Bhulakshmi, D., Kandati, D. R., Supriya, Y., Gadekallu, T. R., Rathore, R. S., & Jhaveri, R. H. (2023) · Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications · doi:10.2174/0126662558266152231128060222 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Internet of Medical Things (AIoMT) in Modern Healthcare Practices
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“Federated learning, the paradigm based on the distributed learning concept, can also benefit from blockchain security features [29].”
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Zhang, F. W., Liu, H., Cai, Q., Feng, C.-M., Wang, B., Wang, S., Dong, J., & Zhang, D. D. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3469962 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Because of enabling the model training at relatively larger while much more diverse sets of data, it usually exhibits superior performance and generalizability than models that only train on single-institution data centers [53], [54], [55], [56], [57].”
Liu, J., Chang, Z., Ye, C., Mumtaz, S., & Hämäläinen, T. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3523968 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Since initially K is set to N , the total time complexity can be simplified to O ( N 2 ) .”
Swapna, N. S., Muralidhar, A., Latha, K. M., Archana, M., Thirupathi, V., Bhavsingh, M., D, V. S. S., Addepalli, L., & Lloret, J. (2025) · International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE) · doi:10.1109/icdcece65353.2025.11035670 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“However, despite its advantages, FL remains highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, including data poisoning, Byzantine faults, model inversion, and gradient leakage, which can degrade model integrity and compromise security [5-8].”
Medical Robotics and AI-Assisted Diagnostics Challenges for Smart Sustainable Healthcare
Shafik, W., Tufail, A., Silva, L. C. D., & Apong, R. A. A. H. M. (2024) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3218-4.ch016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A secure blockchain framework for the internet of medical things
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A secure healthcare data sharing scheme based on two-dimensional chaotic mapping and blockchain
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“Rani et al. 20 emphasized the critical importance of data sharing security between Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices and aggregation servers in the development of federated learning in the medical field.”
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Cyber Security in the Metaverse
Kaur, D., Singh, B., & Rani, S. (2023) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8851-5.ch023 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence in Personalized Health Services for Better Patient Care
Rani, S., Kataria, A., Bhambri, P., Pareek, P. K., & Puri, V. (2024) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65022-2_6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Differential Privacy Based Federated Learning Techniques in IoMT: A Review
Farooqi, S. A., Rahman, A. B. A., & Saad, A. B. (2024) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) · doi:10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418361 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Instead of centralizing data from various sources into a single location, federated learning allows models to be trained on decentralized, distributed data while keeping the raw data secure on individual devices or servers [22][28]. ii.”
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AI for IoMT security: a comprehensive survey of intrusion detection and system architectures
Yacoubi, M., Moussaoui, O., & Drocourt, C. (2026) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2025.101869 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
SNN-IoMT: A Novel AI-Driven Model for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Medical Things
Benmalek, M., Seddiki, A., & Haouam, K.-D. (2025) · Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences · doi:10.32604/cmes.2025.062841 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…that incorporate sensors, software, and connectivity to support the sharing of information via the In IoMT systems, sensors, wearables, and smart medical devices are integrated to allow continuous tracking, data collection, and exchange of data between patients and healthcare providers [13].”
The Impact of Federated Learning on AI-Enhanced Healthcare Delivery
Shahi, A., & Mittal, A. (2023) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2639-8.ch005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Performance evaluation and optimization for 6G networks: A survey of KPIs, Tools, and AI models
Islam, M. M., Hasan, K., & Jeong, S.-H. (2025) · ICT Express · doi:10.1016/j.icte.2025.12.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Enhancing Smart City Services with AI: A Field Experiment in the Context of Industry 5.0
Natalia, T., Joshi, S. K., Dixit, S., Bella, H. K., Jena, P. C., & Vyas, A. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601063 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Implantable Medical Device Security
Catuogno, L., & Galdi, C. (2024) · Cryptography · doi:10.3390/cryptography8040053 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This approach has been already successfully used in specific cases; for example, for pneumonia detection [72], prediction of cardiac diseases [73], or for other IoMT applications [74].”
Secure and fast mobility handover scheme for IoMT in 5 G and future 6 G networks
Islam, S., Topazal, S. M., Hasan, M. K., Kolandaisamy, R. A. L., Abbas, H. S., Vo, N., Thakkar, R., Khan, M. A., Gupta, D., & AlHammadi, D. A. (2025) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.063 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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“Rani et al. [22] conducted an exhaustive survey on the utilization of FL in securing the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications in smart healthcare environments.”
Lin, K.-Y., Chang, K., Lin, Y., & Wu, M.-J. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13010025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
DAG-Based Swarm Learning Approach in Healthcare: A Survey
Gana, D., & Jamil, F. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3531216 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“However, the paper acknowledges challenges like data privacy and system heterogeneity, suggesting future research towards enhanced security frameworks and blockchain integration for secure data communication [21].”
Federated Learning for Internet of Medical Healthcare: Issues and Challenges
Chelani, N. R., Tripathy, S., Kumhar, M., Bhatia, J., Saxena, V. P., Tanwar, S., & Nayyar, A. (2024) · Scalable Computing Practice and Experience · doi:10.12694/scpe.v25i5.2905 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Improving cyber-attack detection in Internet of Medical Things using ensemble deep learning methods
Wang, W., Harrou, F., Senouci, S., & Ying, S. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05660-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Additionally, a survey of various existing cyber-attack detection mechanisms within the IoMT environment is conducted in [7, 11 ], emphasizing the significance of intrusion detection in safeguarding IoMT devices and networks from potential threats [28, 29].”
IoMT Future Trends and Challenges
Shafik, W. (2024) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2109-6.ch019 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhong, B., Hu, X., Pan, X., Chen, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/jcemd4.coeng-14839 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Robust hierarchical federated learning with dual-layer filtering mechanism
Yang, C., Liang, W., Chen, Y., Xiao, J., He, D., Liu, T., Wang, J., & Tolba, A. K. R. (2025) · International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems · doi:10.1177/17298806251322260 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
IoT Authentication in Federated Learning: Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions
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Blockchain Integration in Industry 5.0: A Security Experiment for Resilience Assessment
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IoT and AI Integration: An Experiment on Smart Manufacturing Efficiency in Industry 5.0
Dmitrieva, E., Krishna, G., Chhabra, S., Pavithra, A., & Sharma, K. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601062 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Mondal, S., & Das, A. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3593928 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Daulay, A., Ramli, K., Harwahyu, R., Hidayat, T. P., & Pranggono, B. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13152471 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Securing Federated Learning in IoT: A Survey of Attacks, Defenses, and Frameworks
Atia, O. B., Samara, M. A., Bennis, I., Gaber, J., Abouaïssa, A., & Lorenz, P. (2025) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3600617 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This paradigm shift allows IoT devices to locally train ML models while ensuring that private data remains within the device, thus obviating the need to share it with a central server or amongst other devices [17].”
Bagherian, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2025) · International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance · doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-07-2025-0091 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
High security and privacy protection model for STI/HIV risk prediction
Tang, Z., Van, N. T. P., Yang, W., Xia, X., Chen, H., Mullens, A. B., Dean, J. A., Osborne, S. R., & Li, Y. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241298425 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“9,10 FL provides several signi fi cant bene fi ts when implemented in healthcare settings, effectively addressing many of the challenges associated with the sharing of sensitive medical data, such as data relating to clients ’ STI/HIV status, while enabling advanced applications of deep learning and…”
Farooqi, S. A., Rahman, A. B. A., & Saad, A. B. (2025) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) · doi:10.1109/imcom64595.2025.10857505 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Technology and Gender Violence: Victimization Model, Consequences and Measures
Rani, S., Kaur, J., & Bhambri, P. (2023) · Signals and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-45237-6_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring Uncertainty in Medical Federated Learning: A Survey
Zeng, X.-Y., Ahmed, A., & Tunio, M. H. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14204072 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Blockchain Identity Privacy Management Framework for a Healthcare Application
Sakka, S., Liagkou, V., & Stylios, C. D. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) · doi:10.1109/blockchain62396.2024.00088 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These regulations present numerous challenges for advanced data processing techniques, such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), which require a substantial amount of training data [30], [31].”
BackgroundRobust decentralized federated learning for heterogeneous and non-ideal networks
Li, B., Gao, W., Xie, J., Li, H., & Gong, M. (2025) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2025.111362 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
MediGuard: A Survey on Security Attacks in Blockchain-IoT Ecosystems for e-Healthcare Applications
Sutradhar, S., Bose, R., Majumder, S., Khan, A. A., Roy, S., Ullah, F., & Prashar, D. (2025) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.061965 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Recent Trends of Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare Systems
Handa, T., Singhal, I., Chakraborty, P., & Kaur, G. (2023) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1082-3.ch005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Advancements in Energy Harvesting
Kataria, A., & Rani, S. (2024) · Advances in civil and industrial engineering book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2003-7.ch009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPrivacy-Preserving Federated Learning Framework for IoMT Smart Healthcare Applications
Manzoor, S. I., Jain, S., & Singh, Y. P. (2025) · International Conference on Electronics, AI and Computing (EAIC) · doi:10.1109/eaic66483.2025.11101398 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“These gadgets are attached to a person’s body and gather medical information about their health [25].”
Towards advanced AI-based solutions for securing IoMT in smart health information systems
Liu, X. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31850-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xin, H., Ajibade, S.-S. M., Alhassan, G. N., & Yilmaz, Y. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251395701 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Security challenges and solutions in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) communication: A review
Mohammed, B. A., Al-Shareeda, . A., Hamzah, A. E., Alhasnawi, B. N., Homod, R. Z., Alkhabra, Y. A., Al-Mekhlafi, Z. G., alrashdi, R., Alshammari, G., & Alreshidi, I. D. (2026) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s44443-026-00658-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…of decoupling from training data and fail to capture dynamic relationships while modern AI systems can contribute a dynamic solu-tion to IoMT security by learning from historical data incidents and leverage this information for threat evolution detection (Mohammed et al. 2023; Rani et al. 2023).”
Digital technology's impact on knowledge management in the healthcare industry in the Middle East
Alhashmi, S. M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-30168-1.00021-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hu, H., Du, W., Li, Y., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2025.107849 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
GAPLG: Graph Augmented With Pseudolabels Generation for Blockchain Anomaly Transaction Detection
Huang, J., Bu, K., Han, H., Gong, B., Xiong, A., Wang, W., & Wu, Q. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3555658 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Aside from money laundering, various other illicit activities are concealed within Bitcoin transactions, such as fraud [3], [4], phishing [5], and Ponzi schemes [6].”
Blockchain-Based Security Sustainable Framework for IoMT Applications and Industry 5.0
Baniya, P., Agrawal, A., Nand, P., Bhushan, B., & Bhattacharya, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69336-6_17 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhou, A., & Piramuthu, S. (2024) · International Conference on Mobile and Secure Services (MobiSecServ) · doi:10.1109/mobisecserv63327.2024.10760186 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“1) Big Data and Predictive Analytics: Data analytics can predict patient behavior, health outcomes, or risks, but such predictions can be misused [56].”
AAMB: a cross-domain identity authentication scheme based on multilayered blockchains in IoMT
Zhang, Z., Li, H., Li, D., & Li, K. (2025) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-025-07309-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Federated Learning for Early Cardiac Anomaly Prediction in Cross-Silo IoMT Environments
Georgiades, M., Christodoulou, L., Chari, A., Wang, K., Ho, K.-H., Hou, Y., & Chai, W. K. (2025) · International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT) · doi:10.1109/dcoss-iot65416.2025.00087 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Finally, systems-level and implementation perspectives are provided by Gupta et al. [9], Rani et al. [8], and Yoo et al. [47].”
Machine Learning Based Remote Health Care Data Monitoring and Prediction System Using IoMT
Ramalingam, S., Dharani, S., Priya, R., Devi, E. P., & Pavithra, S. (2024) · International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) · doi:10.1109/icaccs60874.2024.10716978 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hybrid Ensemble Lightweight Cryptosystem for Internet of Medical Things Security
Swetha, M., & Rao, G. A. (2024) · International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering · doi:10.22399/ijcesen.625 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Each round is divided into two stages: the first stage is the substitution step, and the second stage is the permutation step [37].”
Legal implications of federated learning integration in digital healthcare systems
Imoize, A. L., Obaidat, M. S., & Song, H. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13897-3.00014-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Khan, Z. A., Xia, Y., Jiang, W., & Anwar, M. S. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/tce.2025.3599558 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“To make emotion detection viable for large-scale healthcare IoMT applications, solutions must address these challenges while maintaining high accuracy and low latency [7].”
Integration of metaheuristic and machine learning in Cloud-Fog-Edge IoMT applications: a survey
Lalama, Z., Goudjil, L., Cherbal, S., & Louail, L. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05442-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Authors of [37], presented a comprehensive survey of the security of IoMT applications, it focuses on FL-based IoMT applications, patents, real-world FL-based healthcare projects, and datasets.”
Federated deep learning with clustering-based aggregation for medical diagnosis
Al-Refai, M., Alkhaza’leh, S., & Alzu’bi, A. (2025) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05623-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“By training models on diverse data while preserving privacy, federated learning enables the development of personalized and context-aware solutions for healthcare management and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications [37].”
Arslanoğlu, K., & Karaköse, M. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16010007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rani, S., Kataria, A., Kumar, S., & Tiwari, P.
- Affiliations
- Guru Nanak Dev University (IN)
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (IN)
- South Ural State University (RU)
- Halmstad University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Tiwari, Prayag
- Venue
- Knowledge-Based Systems
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-08
- Volume
- 274
- Pages
- 110658
- ISSN
- 0950-7051 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4377294193
- Semantic Scholar
- f1ac75d96c85121f4e0e52ff8c001ac7f3173f8b
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 352
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 15
- FWCI
- 20.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Knowledge-Based Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Russian Science Foundation (23-21-10009)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Keywords
- federated learning, Internet of Medical Things, smart healthcare, data privacy, medical device security, secure machine learning, distributed training, healthcare data security, privacy-preserving healthcare
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