Native human and mouse skin infection models to study Candida auris-host interactions
Open accessAbstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared certain fungal pathogens as global health threats for the next decade. Candida auris (C. auris) is a newly emerging skin-tropic multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections of high mortality in hospitals and healthcare settings. Here, we address an unmet need and present novel native ex vivo skin models, thus extending previous C. auris-host interaction studies. We exploit histology and immunofluorescence analysis of ex vivo skin biopsies of human adult and fetal, as well as mouse origin infected with C. auris via distinct routes. We demonstrate that an intact skin barrier efficiently protects from C. auris penetration and invasion. Although C. auris readily grows on native human skin, it can reach deeper layers only upon physical disruption of the barrier by needling or through otherwise damaged skin. By contrast, a barrier disruption is not necessary for C. auris penetration of native mouse skin. Importantly, we show that C. auris undergoes morphogenetic changes upon skin penetration, as it acquires pseudohyphal growth phenotypes in deeper human and mouse dermis. Taken together, this new human and mouse skin model toolset yields new insights into C. auris colonization, adhesion, growth and invasion properties of native versus damaged human skin. The results form a crucial basis for future studies on skin immune defense to colonizing pathogens, and offer new options for testing the action and efficacy of topical antimicrobial compound formulations.
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C. auris is a skin-tropic colonizer, and its ability to persist and penetrate from the skin's surface into deeper compartments is crucial for causing systemic infections.
“C. auris is a skin-tropic colonizer, and its ability to persist and penetrate from the skin’s surface into deeper compartments is crucial for causing systemic infections38.”
From Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103 (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
C. auris appears unable to breach intact epithelial barriers as present on skin, but can reach deeper skin compartments through microwounds, damaged skin or via hair follicle invaginations.
“C. auris appears unable to breach intact epithelial barriers as present on skin, the pathogen is able to reach deeper skin compartments through microwounds, damaged skin or via hair follicle invaginations38,39.”
From Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103 (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Clinical isolates of C. auris can exhibit different morphotypes such as filamentous, pseudohyphal, and yeast forms.
“Clinical isolates of C. auris can exhibit different morphotypes such as filamentous, pseudohyphal, and yeast forms (8–14).”
From Yeast and filamentous <i>Candida auris</i> stimulate distinct immune responses in the skin (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
The murine skin model is widely used to study disease pathogenesis and C. auris-host interactions.
“In addition, understanding the skin immune responses against C. auris is critical, as the murine skin model is widely used to study disease pathogenesis and C. auris-host interactions [4, 16–20].”
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Roque‐Borda, C. A., Medina‐Alarcón, K. P., Pereira, J. P. S. G., Sevilhano, T. C. D. A., Aguilar‐Morón, B., Díaz‐Cárdenas, F., da Cruz, L. S., Júnior, F. H. X., Vicente, E. F., Perdigão, J., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202509567 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103
Phan-Canh, T., Coman, C., Lackner, M., Troppmair, N., Müller, C., Cerbu, D., Seiser, S., Penninger, P., Tsymala, I., Khunweeraphong, N., et al. (2025) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-025-02189-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Although C. auris appears unable to breach intact epithelial barriers as present on skin, the pathogen is able to reach deeper skin compartments through microwounds, damaged skin or via hair follicle invaginations 38,39 .”
Self-citationYeast and filamentous <i>Candida auris</i> stimulate distinct immune responses in the skin
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Do morphogenetic switching and intraspecies variation enhance virulence of Candida auris?
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Self-citationOctenidine effectively reduces Candida auris colonisation on human skin
Cerbu, D., Seiser, S., Phan-Canh, T., Moser, D., Freystätter, C., Matiasek, J., Kuchler, K., & Elbe‐Bürger, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11914-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Vertebrate and invertebrate animal infection models of Candida auris pathogenicity
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Exploring therapeutic strategies for candidiasis: From current treatments to future perspectives
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Pathogenicity and virulence of Candida auris
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Self-citationThe high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in Candida auris
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Eradication of Candida auris biofilm in vitro by a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid wound ointment
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Innate lymphoid cells integrate sensing and plasticity to control fungal infections
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Self-citationCandida auris can acquire antifungal resistance without selection pressurePreprint
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Self-citationManagement of the fungal infections and challenges associated with it
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Methods for skin load reduction of Candida auris: a systematic review
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de Sousa, D. S. M., Cabral, A. K. L. F., Arantes, B. B. A., Sato, J. H. A., Monari, G. P. D. M., Ruiz, L. D. S., Elgammal, Y., Martinez, L. R., Fusco‐Almeida, A. M., & Mendes‐Giannini, M. J. S. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2026.2727050
- Authors
- Seiser, S., Arzani, H., Ayub, T., Phan-Canh, T., Staud, C., Worda, C., Kuchler, K., & Elbe-Bürger, A.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Max Perutz Labs (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Kuchler, Karl
- ORCID
- Venue
- Microbes and Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 105234
- ISSN
- 1286-4579 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4387424433
- Semantic Scholar
- aae23daa0ac9d1871c6b7cce6c35df52ccfb592d
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microbes and Infection (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- OeAD-GmbH (2022)
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Austrian Science Fund (DOC32-B28, P31485-B30)
- OeAD
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- Candida auris, skin infection model, skin barrier integrity, pseudohyphal growth, host-pathogen interaction, multidrug-resistant fungi, human skin model
- MeSH terms
- Candida auris, Adult, Animals, Antifungal Agents, Candida, Candidiasis, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice
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