A behavioral and cognitive neuroscience perspective on impulsivity, suicide, and non-suicidal self-injury: Meta-analysis and recommendations for future research
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HighlightsMeta‐analysis of behavioral and cognitive impulsivity in relation to self‐injury.Behavioral impulsivity was associated with non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI).Behavioral and cognitive impulsivity were associated with suicide attempts.Link with behavioral impulsivity was stronger for past‐month than lifetime attempts.Studies with clinically significant NSSI and longitudinal research are needed. Abstract We conducted a meta‐analysis of neurobehavioral and neurocognitive indices of impulsivity in relation to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, as well as non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). In our systematic review, 34 studies were identified and submitted to a random‐effects meta‐analysis. A small pooled effect size was observed for the association between behavioral impulsivity and NSSI (OR = 1.34, p < 0.05). A small‐to‐medium pooled effect size (OR = 2.23, p < 0.001) was found for the association between behavioral impulsivity and suicide attempts, and a medium‐to‐large pooled effect size was observed for this outcome in relation to cognitive impulsivity (OR = 3.14, p < 0.01). Length of time between suicide attempt and impulsivity assessment moderated the strength of the relation between impulsivity and attempts, with a large pooled effect size (OR = 5.54, p < 0.001) evident when the suicide attempt occurred within a month of behavioral impulsivity assessment. Studies of clinically significant NSSI temporally proximal to impulsivity assessment are needed. Longitudinal research is required to clarify the prognostic value of behavioral and cognitive impulsivity for short‐term risk for self‐harm.
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Different facets of executive control have been associated with suicide risk.
“Finally, different facets of executive control have, in turn, been associated with suicide risk (Liu et al., 2017; Miranda et al., 2012).”
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DBT combines principles from behaviorism, Zen, and dialectics that aim to help clients improve their emotional and cognitive regulation to overcome problems, including intense mood change, impulsivity, and loneliness.
“DBT combines principles from behaviorism, Zen, and dialectics [10] that aim to help clients improve their emotional and cognitive regulation to overcome problems, including intense mood change [11,12], impulsivity [13,14], and loneliness [15].”
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The citation is attached to impulsivity, in the context of problems DBT aims to address. The Introduction discusses forms of impulsivity, and the Discussion considers tDCS as a possible intervention, but the passages found when searching for DBT and dialectical behavior therapy do not address whether DBT helps clients manage impulsivity. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Sleep and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
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“Nevertheless, prior research clearly has revealed NSSI as both a correlate and risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior; yet the predictors and developmental course of NSSI differ from that of suicidal ideation and behaviors (see reviews by Fox et al. 2015 and Liu et al. 2017).”
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“DBT combines principles from behaviorism, Zen, and dialectics [10] that aim to help clients improve their emotional and cognitive regulation to overcome problems, including intense mood change [11,12], impulsivity [13,14], and loneliness [15].”
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- Authors
- Liu, R. T., Trout, Z. M., Hernandez, E. M., Cheek, S. M., & Gerlus, N.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Richard T.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 83
- Pages
- 440-450
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5730462
- OpenAlex
- W2755382287
- Semantic Scholar
- 5221704313b21321fecf68eba722f330d04ad1f9
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101138, R21MH112055)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- impulsivity, suicide, non-suicidal self-injury, behavioral impulsivity, cognitive impulsivity, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, self-harm
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Suicide, Self-Injurious Behavior
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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