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Cited by 150Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismPhonetics and Phonology ResearchVoice and Speech Disorders

Human brain activation during phonation and exhalation: common volitional control for two upper airway functions

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Loucks, Torrey M.J., Poletto, Christopher J., Simonyan, Kristina, Reynolds, Catherine L., Ludlow, Christy L.·2007·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.049PMC PMC1959512
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Abstract

Phonation is defined as a laryngeal motor behavior used for speech production, which involves a highly specialized coordination of laryngeal and respiratory neuromuscular control. During speech, brief periods of vocal fold vibration for vowels are interspersed by voiced and unvoiced consonants, glottal stops and glottal fricatives (/h/). It remains unknown whether laryngeal/respiratory coordination of phonation for speech relies on separate neural systems from respiratory control or whether a common system controls both behaviors. To identify the central control system for human phonation, we used event-related fMRI to contrast brain activity during phonation with activity during prolonged exhalation in healthy adults. Both whole-brain analyses and region of interest comparisons were conducted. Production of syllables containing glottal stops and vowels was accompanied by activity in left sensorimotor, bilateral temporoparietal and medial motor areas. Prolonged exhalation similarly involved activity in left sensorimotor and temporoparietal areas but not medial motor areas. Significant differences between phonation and exhalation were found primarily in the bilateral auditory cortices with whole-brain analysis. The ROI analysis similarly indicated task differences in the auditory cortex with differences also detected in the inferolateral motor cortex and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. A second experiment confirmed that activity in the auditory cortex only occurred during phonation for speech and did not depend upon sound production. Overall, a similar central neural system was identified for both speech phonation and voluntary exhalation that primarily differed in auditory monitoring.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.049

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  • Phonation contributes to activation in bilateral sensorimotor cortex during articulation.

    “The contribution of phonation to activation in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex during articulation was also emphasized in several studies (Loucks et al., 2007; Brown et al., 2008, 2009; Grabski et al., 2011; Simonyan et al., 2009; Simonyan and Horwitz, 2011).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Loucks et al., 2007

  • In SMA-proper, activation is greater for complex articulation than prolonged vowel production or exhalation and is maintained during production, consistent with a role in execution as well as initiation.

    “In the SMA-proper, activation was greater for complex articulation than prolonged vowel production or exhalation (Loucks et al., 2007) and maintained during production consistent with a role in execution as well as initiation (Brendel et al., 2010).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Loucks et al., 2007

  • Bilateral insula regions are involved in phonation for speech, volitional exhalation, and syllable singing.

    “This is consistent with observations that bilateral insula regions are involved in phonation for speech, volitional exhalation (Loucks et al., 2007) and syllable singing (Brown et al., 2009; Zarate et al., 2010).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Loucks et al., 2007

  • Posterior medial dorsal surface of superior temporal gyri, including planum temporale, is activated during repetitive (silent) movements of jaw and tongue as well as during auditory feedback and nonspeech vocal tract movements.

    “Fifth, the posterior medial dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyri, including the planum temporale, were found to be activated during repetitive (silent) movements of the jaw and tongue as well as during auditory feedback (Dhanjal et al., 2008) and nonspeech vocal tract movements (Loucks et al., 2007).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Loucks et al., 2007

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Authors
Loucks, T. M. J., Poletto, C. J., Simonyan, K., Reynolds, C. L., & Ludlow, C. L.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Ludlow, Christy L.
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-05
Volume
36
Issue
1
Pages
131-143
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.049
PMC
PMC1959512
OpenAlex
W2143096004
Cited by
150
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
FWCI
3.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Z01NS002980)
  • NHLBI Division of Intramural Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
Keywords
phonation, exhalation, speech production, laryngeal control, respiratory control, upper airway, volitional control, auditory cortex, sensorimotor cortex, temporoparietal cortex, dentate nucleus, cerebellum, glottal stop, vowel production, neural coordination
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Glottis, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Phonation, Speech, Vocal Cords, Exhalation

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