Sensitivity to orthographic familiarity in the occipito-temporal region.
Open accessAbstract
The involvement of the left hemisphere occipito-temporal (OT) junction in reading has been established, yet there is current controversy over the region's specificity for reading and the nature of its role in the reading process. Recent neuroimaging findings suggest that the region is sensitive to orthographic familiarity [Kronbichler, M., Bergmann, J., Hutzler, F., Staffen, W., Mair, A., Ladurner, G., Wimmer, H. 2007. Taxi vs. Taksi: on orthographic word recognition in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, 1-11], and the present study tested that hypothesis. Using fMRI, the OT region and other regions in the reading network were localized in 28 adult, right-handed participants. The BOLD signal in these regions was measured during a phonological judgment task (i.e., "Does it sound like a word?"). Stimuli included words, pseudohomophones (phonologically familiar yet orthographically unfamiliar), and pseudowords (phonologically and orthographically unfamiliar) that were matched on lexical properties including sublexical orthography. Relative to baseline, BOLD signal in the OT region was greater for pseudohomophones than for words, suggesting that the region is sensitive to orthographic familiarity at the whole-word level. Further contrasts of orthographic frequency within the word condition revealed increased BOLD signal for low- than high-frequency words. Specialization in the OT region for recognition of frequent letter strings may support the development of reading expertise. Additionally, BOLD signal in the OT region correlates positively with reading efficiency, supporting the idea that this region is a skill zone for reading printed words. BOLD signal in the IFG and STG correlates negatively with reading efficiency, indicating that processing effort in these classic phonological regions is inversely related to reading efficiency.
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Among the measures tested, only SWE change is significantly correlated with LOTS sensitivity change.
“Change in SWE is the only measure that significantly correlates with change in LOTS sensitivity (Figure 3A; see Bruno, Zumberge, Manis, Lu, & Goldman, 2008, for a related finding in adults).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Bruno et al., 2008
Bruno et al. (2008) found a comparable adult correlation between LOTS word-frequency sensitivity and SWE.
“This aspect of our findings complements a recent fMRI study (Bruno et al., 2008), which demonstrates a similar correlation between LOTS sensitivity to word frequency and SWE in adults.”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Bruno et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Bruno, J. L., Zumberge, A., Manis, F. R., Lu, Z.-L., & Goldman, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruno, Jennifer Lynn
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1988-2001
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2267437
- OpenAlex
- W2168873858
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD029891, HD 29891)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- reading, pseudohomophones, pseudowords, word frequency, reading efficiency, reading expertise, phonological processing, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, whole-word recognition, reading network
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Occipital Lobe, Oxygen, Psycholinguistics, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reading, Temporal Lobe, Cluster Analysis, Recognition, Psychology
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