Development of neural mechanisms for reading.

Turkeltaub, Peter E; Gareau, Lynn; Flowers, D Lynn; Zeffiro, Thomas A; Eden, Guinevere F

doi:10.1038/nn1065

Cited by 708Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismLiteracy and Educational Practices

Development of neural mechanisms for reading.

Turkeltaub, Peter E, Gareau, Lynn, Flowers, D Lynn, Zeffiro, Thomas A, Eden, Guinevere F·2003·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn1065

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Abstract

The complexities of pediatric brain imaging have precluded studies that trace the neural development of cognitive skills acquired during childhood. Using a task that isolates reading-related brain activity and minimizes confounding performance effects, we carried out a cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using subjects whose ages ranged from 6 to 22 years. We found that learning to read is associated with two patterns of change in brain activity: increased activity in left-hemisphere middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri and decreased activity in right inferotemporal cortical areas. Activity in the left-posterior superior temporal sulcus of the youngest readers was associated with the maturation of their phonological processing abilities. These findings inform current reading models and provide strong support for Orton's 1925 theory of reading development.

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The brain temporoparietal cortices, containing the left superior temporal gyrus, matures early in learning and remains involved in reading throughout adulthood.
“A neurodevelopmental study of reading (Turkeltaub et al., 2003) has shown that the brain temporoparietal cortices, containing the left superior temporal gyrus, matures early in learning and remains involved in reading throughout adulthood.”
From Early-Initiated Childhood Reading for Pleasure: Associations with Better Cognitive Performance, Mental Well-being and Brain Structure in Young Adolescence (2024) · cites this paper as Turkeltaub et al., 2003
The superior temporal region functions critically in cross-modal integration, including processes associated with the mapping of print to sound.
“The superior temporal region functions critically in cross-modal integration, including processes associated with the mapping of print to sound (Turkeltaub et al., 2003).”
From Early-Initiated Childhood Reading for Pleasure: Associations with Better Cognitive Performance, Mental Well-being and Brain Structure in Young Adolescence (2024) · cites this paper as Turkeltaub et al., 2003
Prior work with adults and children indicates that implicit reading activates the reading network.
“Previous studies with adults and children showed that implicit reading is effective in activating the reading network (Turkeltaub et al., 2003; Moore & Price, 1999).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Turkeltaub et al., 2003

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Authors: Turkeltaub, P. E., Gareau, L., Flowers, D. L., Zeffiro, T. A., & Eden, G. F.
Affiliations: Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
Corresponding author: Eden, Guinevere F
ORCID: Turkeltaub, Peter E
Flowers, D Lynn
Zeffiro, Thomas A
Eden, Guinevere F
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-05-18
Volume: 6
Issue: 7
Pages: 767-773
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn1065
OpenAlex: W2168101244
Semantic Scholar: ec67dddfc1ed92a13ed0d573078a06f55e0415d3
Cited by: 707
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 52.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Georgetown University
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (F31 MH6500)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
NIH Clinical Center
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD40095, P50HD040095)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Education › Literacy and Educational Practices
Keywords: reading development, brain maturation, phonological processing, middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferotemporal cortex, left hemisphere dominance, child cognitive development
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Psychological Tests, Reading, Semantics, Task Performance and Analysis

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