Cited by 1,445Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A generalized form of context-dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI): A comparison to standard approaches

Open access

McLaren, Donald G., Ries, Michele L., Xu, Guofan, Johnson, Sterling C.·2012·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068PMC PMC3376181

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Functional MRI (fMRI) allows one to study task-related regional responses and task-dependent connectivity analysis using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) methods. The latter affords the additional opportunity to understand how brain regions interact in a task-dependent manner. The current implementation of PPI in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) is configured primarily to assess connectivity differences between two task conditions, when in practice fMRI tasks frequently employ more than two conditions. Here we evaluate how a generalized form of context-dependent PPI (gPPI; http://www.nitrc.org/projects/gppi), which is configured to automatically accommodate more than two task conditions in the same PPI model by spanning the entire experimental space, compares to the standard implementation in SPM8. These comparisons are made using both simulations and an empirical dataset. In the simulated dataset, we compare the interaction beta estimates to their expected values and model fit using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). We found that interaction beta estimates in gPPI were robust to different simulated data models, were not different from the expected beta value, and had better model fits than when using standard PPI (sPPI) methods. In the empirical dataset, we compare the model fit of the gPPI approach to sPPI. We found that the gPPI approach improved model fit compared to sPPI. There were several regions that became non-significant with gPPI. These regions all showed significantly better model fits with gPPI. Also, there were several regions where task-dependent connectivity was only detected using gPPI methods, also with improved model fit. Regions that were detected with all methods had more similar model fits. These results suggest that gPPI may have greater sensitivity and specificity than standard implementation in SPM. This notion is tempered slightly as there is no gold standard; however, data simulations with a known outcome support our conclusions about gPPI. In sum, the generalized form of context-dependent PPI approach has increased flexibility of statistical modeling, and potentially improves model fit, specificity to true negative findings, and sensitivity to true positive findings.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A new look at the statistical model identification
Akaike, H. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705 · Cited by 51,879
Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
ANew Look at the Statistical Model Identification
AKAlKE, H. (2011) · Cited by 4,177
Psychophysiological and Modulatory Interactions in Neuroimaging
Friston, K. J., Buechel, C., Fink, G. R., Morris, J., Rolls, E., & Dolan, R. J. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0291 · Cited by 3,097
Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human V1
Boynton, G., Engel, S., Glover, G., & Heeger, D. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-13-04207.1996 · Cited by 2,522
Analysis of fMRI Time-Series Revisited
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Poline, J., Grasby, P. M., Williams, S., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1007 · Cited by 2,504
A Population-Average, Landmark- and Surface-based (PALS) atlas of human cerebral cortex
Van Essen, D. C. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.058 · Cited by 1,151
Erroneous analyses of interactions in neuroscience: A problem of significance
Nieuwenhuis, S., Forstmann, B. U., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2886 · Cited by 864
Modeling regional and psychophysiologic interactions in fMRI: the importance of hemodynamic deconvolution
Gitelman, D. R., Penny, W. D., Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00058-2 · Cited by 799
Characterizing evoked hemodynamics with fMRI.
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., Turner, R., & Frackowiak, R. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1018 · Cited by 711

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 24 references

Sorted by citations

Multi-task connectivity reveals flexible hubs for adaptive task control
Cole, M. W., Reynolds, J. R., Power, J. D., Repovs, G., Anticevic, A., & Braver, T. S. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3470 · Cited by 1,704
Causal interactions between fronto-parietal central executive and default-mode networks in humans
Chen, A. C., Oathes, D. J., Chang, C., Bradley, T., Zhou, Z.-W., Williams, L. M., Glover, G. H., Deisseroth, K. A., & Etkin, A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1311772110 · Cited by 580
Blunted Ventral Striatum Development in Adolescence Reflects Emotional Neglect and Predicts Depressive Symptoms
Hanson, J. L., Hariri, A. R., & Williamson, D. E. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.010 · Cited by 338
Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli
Kral, T. R. A., Schuyler, B. S., Mumford, J. A., Rosenkranz, M. A., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.013 · Cited by 326
Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus
Violante, I. R., Alania, K., Cassara, A. M., Neufeld, E., Acerbo, E., Carron, R., Williamson, A., Kurtin, D. L., Hampshire, A., Hampshire, P. A., et al. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.833 · Cited by 340
When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts
Cohen, A. O., Breiner, K., Steinberg, L., Bonnie, R. J., Scott, E. S., Taylor-Thompson, K., Rudolph, M. D., Chein, J., Richeson, J. A., Heller, A. S., et al. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615627625 · Cited by 272
The neurobiology of emotion regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: amygdala downregulation via real‐time fMRI neurofeedback
Nicholson, A. A., Rabellino, D., Densmore, M., Frewen, P. A., Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Schmahl, C., Théberge, J., Neufeld, R. W. J., McKinnon, M. C., et al. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23402 · Cited by 273
A Hitchhiker's Guide to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Soares, J. M., Magalhães, R. J. D. S., Moreira, P. S., Sousa, A., Ganz, E., Sampaio, A., Alves, V., Marques, P., & Sousa, N. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00515 · Cited by 304
Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression
Mary, A., Dayan, J., Leone, G., Postel, C., Fraisse, F., Malle, C., Vallée, T., Klein-Peschanski, C., Viader, F., Sayette, V. D. L., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay8477 · Cited by 272
Oxytocin facilitates protective responses to aversive social stimuli in males
Striepens, N., Scheele, D., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., Schäfer, L., Schwalba, K., Reul, J., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1208852109 · Cited by 242
Frontal temporal and parietal systems synchronize within and across brains during live eye-to-eye contact
Hirsch, J., Zhang, X., Noah, J. A., & Ono, Y. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.018 · Cited by 236
Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit
Ng, T. H., Alloy, L. B., & Smith, D. V. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0644-x · Cited by 244
Greater amygdala activity and dorsomedial prefrontal–amygdala coupling are associated with enhanced inflammatory responses to stress
Muscatell, K. A., Dedovic, K., Slavich, G. M., Jarcho, M. R., Breen, E. C., Bower, J. E., Irwin, M. R., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.201 · Cited by 240
Impaired reward prediction error encoding and striatal-midbrain connectivity in depression
Kumar, P., Goer, F., Murray, L., Dillon, D. G., Beltzer, M. L., Cohen, A. L., Brooks, N. H., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0032-x · Cited by 219
Fear learning circuitry is biased toward generalization of fear associations in posttraumatic stress disorder
Morey, R. A., Dunsmoor, J. E., Haswell, C. C., Brown, V. M., Vora, A., Weiner, J., Stjepanovic, D., Wagner, H. R., Workgroup, V. M.-A. M., Brancu, M., et al. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.196 · Cited by 221
Mindful attention to breath regulates emotions via increased amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity
Doll, A., Hölzel, B. K., Bratec, S. M., Boucard, C. C., Xie, X., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Sorg, C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.041 · Cited by 245
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal cortex
Howard, J. D., Gottfried, J. A., Tobler, P. N., & Kahnt, T. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1503550112 · Cited by 231
Interactions between human orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus support model-based inference
Wang, F., Schoenbaum, G. M., & Kahnt, T. (2020) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000578 · Cited by 229
Shaped by the past: the default mode network supports cognition that is independent of immediate perceptual input
Konishi, M., McLaren, D. G., Engen, H., & Smallwood, J. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132209 · Cited by 194
Self-citation
Oxytocin facilitates the extinction of conditioned fear in humans
Eckstein, M., Becker, B., Scheele, D., Scholz, C., Preckel, K., Schlaepfer, T. E., Grinevich, V., Kendrick, K. M., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.015 · Cited by 210
Task activations produce spurious but systematic inflation of task functional connectivity estimates
Cole, M. W., Ito, T., Schultz, D. H., Mill, R. D., Chen, R. J., & Cocuzza, C. V. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.054 · Cited by 218
Neural correlates associated with suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in youth
Auerbach, R. P., Pagliaccio, D., Allison, G. O., Alqueza, K. L., & Alonso, M. F. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.002 · Cited by 204
Corticostriatal Output Gating during Selection from Working Memory
Chatham, C. H., Frank, M. J., & Badre, D. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.002 · Cited by 207
Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them
Gao, S., Becker, B., Luo, L., Geng, Y., Zhao, W., Yin, Y., Hu, J., Gao, Z., Gong, Q., Hurlemann, R., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1602620113 · Cited by 186
Brain Mechanisms for Processing Affective (and Nonaffective) Touch Are Atypical in Autism
Kaiser, M. D., Yang, D. Y. ‐., Voos, A. C., Bennett, R. H., Gordon, I., Pretzsch, C. M., Beam, D. E., Keifer, C. M., Eilbott, J. A., McGlone, F. P., et al. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv125 · Cited by 216
A causal account of the brain network computations underlying strategic social behavior
Hill, C., Suzuki, S., Polanía, R., Moisa, M., O’Doherty, J. P., & Ruff, C. C. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4602 · Cited by 196
A comparison of statistical methods for detecting context-modulated functional connectivity in fMRI
Cisler, J. M., Bush, K., & Steele, J. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.018 · Cited by 194
How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans
Qi, S., Hassabis, D., Sun, J., Guo, F., Daw, N. D., & Mobbs, D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1712314115 · Cited by 192
Reconfiguration of Brain Network Architectures between Resting-State and Complexity-Dependent Cognitive Reasoning
Hearne, L. J., Cocchi, L., Zalesky, A., & Mattingley, J. B. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0485-17.2017 · Cited by 186
CONN functional connectivity toolbox: RRID SCR_009550, release 22
Nieto-Castañón, A., & Whitfield, S. (2022) · Hilbert Press eBooks · doi:10.56441/hilbertpress.2246.5840 · Cited by 195
Compensatory Frontoparietal Activity During Working Memory: An Endophenotype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
de Vries, F. E., de Wit, S. J., Cath, D. C., van der Werf, Y. D., van der Borden, V., van Rossum, T. B., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van der Wee, N. J. A., Veltman, D. J., & van den Heuvel, O. A. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.021 · Cited by 177
Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise
Suwabe, K., Byun, K., Hyodo, K., Reagh, Z. M., Roberts, J. M., Matsushita, A., Saotome, K., Ochi, G., Fukuie, T., Suzuki, K., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1805668115 · Cited by 182
Constructing, Perceiving, and Maintaining Scenes: Hippocampal Activity and Connectivity
Zeidman, P., Mullally, S. L., & Maguire, E. A. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu266 · Cited by 187
Musical training sharpens and bonds ears and tongue to hear speech better
Du, Y., & Zatorre, R. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1712223114 · Cited by 169
Cortico-hippocampal network connections support the multidimensional quality of episodic memory
Cooper, R. A., & Ritchey, M. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.45591 · Cited by 156
The hippocampus supports deliberation during value-based decisions
Bakkour, A., Palombo, D. J., Zylberberg, A., Kang, Y. H., Reid, A. G., Verfaellie, M. H., Shadlen, M. N., & Shohamy, D. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.46080 · Cited by 156
The visual word form area (VWFA) is part of both language and attention circuitry
Chen, L., Wassermann, D., Abrams, D. A., Kochalka, J., Gallardo, G., & Menon, V. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13634-z · Cited by 161
Individual differences in self-reported self-control predict successful emotion regulation
Paschke, L. M., Dörfel, D., Steimke, R., Trempler, I., Magrabi, A., Ludwig, V. U., Schubert, T., Stelzel, C., & Walter, H. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw036 · Cited by 175
Neuroimaging of reward mechanisms in Gambling disorder: an integrative review
Clark, L., Boileau, I., & Zack, M. H. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0230-2 · Cited by 162
Brain state and polarity dependent modulation of brain networks by transcranial direct current stimulation
Li, L. M., Violante, I. R., Leech, R., Ross, E., Hampshire, A., Opitz, A., Rothwell, J. C., Carmichael, D. W., & Sharp, D. J. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24420 · Cited by 159
Dynamic Changes in Amygdala Psychophysiological Connectivity Reveal Distinct Neural Networks for Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions
Diano, M., Tamietto, M., Celeghin, A., Weiskrantz, L., Tatu, K., Bagnis, A., Duca, S., Geminiani, G. C., Cauda, F., & Costa, T. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep45260 · Cited by 148
Breakdown of the brain’s functional network modularity with awareness
Godwin, D., Barry, R. L., & Marois, R. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1414466112 · Cited by 145
Brain hyper‐connectivity and operation‐specific deficits during arithmetic problem solving in children with developmental dyscalculia
Rosenberg‐Lee, M., Ashkenazi, S., Chen, T., Young, C. B., Geary, D. C., & Menon, V. (2014) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12216 · Cited by 160
Age-related changes in amygdala–frontal connectivity during emotional face processing from childhood into young adulthood
Wu, M., Kujawa, A., Lu, L. H., Fitzgerald, D. A., Klumpp, H., Fitzgerald, K. D., Monk, C. S., & Phan, K. L. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23129 · Cited by 130
Identity-Specific Reward Representations in Orbitofrontal Cortex Are Modulated by Selective Devaluation
Howard, J. D., & Kahnt, T. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3473-16.2017 · Cited by 138
Training emotion regulation through real-time fMRI neurofeedback of amygdala activity
Herwig, U., Lutz, J., Scherpiet, S., Scheerer, H., Kohlberg, J., Opialla, S., Preuss, A., Steiger, V. R., Sulzer, J. S., Weidt, S., et al. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.068 · Cited by 140
Self‐other resonance, its control and prosocial inclinations: Brain–behavior relationships
Christov‐Moore, L., & Iacoboni, M. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23119 · Cited by 136
Theta-Alpha Oscillations Bind the Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex, and Striatum during Recollection: Evidence from Simultaneous EEG–fMRI
Herweg, N. A., Apitz, T., Leicht, G., Mulert, C., Fuentemilla, L., & Bunzeck, N. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3629-15.2016 · Cited by 139
Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder
Gorka, S. M., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Hosanagar, A., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.168 · Cited by 131
Dissociable Neural Routes to Successful Prospective Memory
McDaniel, M. A., LaMontagne, P., Beck, S. M., Scullin, M. K., & Braver, T. S. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613481233 · Cited by 130
Childhood Poverty Predicts Adult Amygdala and Frontal Activity and Connectivity in Response to Emotional Faces
Javanbakht, A., King, A. P. J., Evans, G. W., Swain, J. E., Angstadt, M., Phan, K. L., & Liberzon, I. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00154 · Cited by 139
Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness
Cogitate Consortium, Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Lepauvre, A., Liu, L., Richter, D., Vidal, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1 · Cited by 136
“For fMRI, connectivity was assessed through gPPI implemented in SPM 119 .”
Influential
When Brain Beats Behavior: Neuroforecasting Crowdfunding Outcomes
Genevsky, A., Yoon, C., & Knutson, B. D. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1633-16.2017 · Cited by 122
Different brain circuitries mediating controllable and uncontrollable pain
Bräscher, A.-K., Becker, S., Hoeppli, M.-E., & Schweinhardt, P. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1954-15.2016 · Cited by 118
Longitudinal Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Activation Underlie Declines in Adolescent Risk Taking
Qu, Y., Galván, A., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D., & Telzer, E. H. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1553-15.2015 · Cited by 124
Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status on Episodic Memory Circuitry in Early Midlife
Jacobs, E. G., Weiss, B. K., Makris, N., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Buka, S. L., Klibanski, A., & Goldstein, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0951-16.2016 · Cited by 131
fMRI neurofeedback of amygdala response to aversive stimuli enhances prefrontal–limbic brain connectivity
Paret, C., Ruf, M., Gerchen, M. F., Kluetsch, R., Demirakca, T., Jungkunz, M., Bertsch, K., Schmahl, C., & Ende, G. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.027 · Cited by 113
Neural changes in extinction recall following prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD: A longitudinal fMRI study
Helpman, L., Marin, M.-F., Papini, S., Zhu, X., Sullivan, G. M., Schneier, F., Neria, M., Shvil, E., Malaga Aragon, M. J., Markowitz, J. C., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.007 · Cited by 121
Deficits in mesolimbic reward pathway underlie social interaction impairments in children with autism
Supekar, K., Kochalka, J., Schaer, M., Wakeman, H. N., Qin, S., Padmanabhan, A., & Menon, V. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy191 · Cited by 126
Selective Effects of Psychotherapy on Frontopolar Cortical Function in PTSD
Fonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M., Peng, K. K., Weiss, M. E., Thompson, A. L., Zack, S. E., Mills-Finnerty, C. E., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091073 · Cited by 120
Fronto‐Temporal Connectivity is Preserved During Sung but Not Spoken Word Listening, Across the Autism Spectrum
Sharda, M., Midha, R., Malik, S., Mukerji, S., & Singh, N. C. (2014) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1437 · Cited by 121
From connectome to cognition: The search for mechanism in human functional brain networks
Mill, R. D., Ito, T., & Cole, M. W. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.060 · Cited by 122
Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal connectivity with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in BPD patients.
Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Zaehringer, J., Ruf, M., Demirakca, T., Bohus, M., Ende, G., & Schmahl, C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw016 · Cited by 114
Mothers know best: redirecting adolescent reward sensitivity toward safe behavior during risk taking
Telzer, E. H., Ichien, N. T., & Qu, Y. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv026 · Cited by 117
Self-regulatory depletion increases emotional reactivity in the amygdala
Wagner, D. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss082 · Cited by 115
A Latent Variable Approach to Differentiating Neural Mechanisms of Irritability and Anxiety in Youth
Kircanski, K., White, L. K., Tseng, W., Wiggins, J. L., Frank, H. R., Sequeira, S. L., Zhang, S., Abend, R., Towbin, K. E., Stringaris, A. K., et al. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0468 · Cited by 111
Effects of Prior-Knowledge on Brain Activation and Connectivity During Associative Memory Encoding
Liu, Z., Grady, C. L., & Moscovitch, M. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw047 · Cited by 125
Anhedonia and general distress show dissociable ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity in major depressive disorder
Young, C. B., Chen, T., Nusslock, R., Keller, J., Schatzberg, A. F., & Menon, V (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.80 · Cited by 108
Functional Connectivity between the Cerebellum and Somatosensory Areas Implements the Attenuation of Self-Generated Touch
Kilteni, K., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1732-19.2019 · Cited by 112
Emotion regulation deficits in regular marijuana users
Zimmermann, K., Walz, C., Derckx, R. T., Kendrick, K. M., Weber, B., Doré, B., Ochsner, K. N., Hurlemann, R., & Becker, B. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23671 · Cited by 108
Sex similarities and differences in pain-related periaqueductal gray connectivity
Linnman, C., Beucke, J., Jensen, K. B., Gollub, R. L., & Kong, J. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.006 · Cited by 103
Slow escape decisions are swayed by trait anxiety
Fung, B. J., Qi, S., Hassabis, D., Daw, N. D., & Mobbs, D. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0595-5 · Cited by 102
Real-Time Functional Connectivity-Informed Neurofeedback of Amygdala-Frontal Pathways Reduces Anxiety
Zhao, Z., Yao, S., Li, K., Sindermann, C., Zhou, F., Zhao, W., Li, J., Lührs, M., Goebel, R., Kendrick, K. M., et al. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000496057 · Cited by 102
Reward prospect rapidly speeds up response inhibition via reactive control
Boehler, C. N., Schevernels, H., Hopf, J., Stoppel, C. M., & Krebs, R. M. (2014) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0251-5 · Cited by 113
Effects of Repetition Learning on Associative Recognition Over Time: Role of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex
Zhan, L., Guo, D., Chen, G., & Yang, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00277 · Cited by 123
Inhibition-related modulation of salience and frontoparietal networks predicts cognitive control ability and inattention symptoms in children with ADHD
Cai, W., Griffiths, K. R., Korgaonkar, M. S., Williams, L. M., & Menon, V. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0564-4 · Cited by 110
Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills
Vassiliadis, P., Beanato, E., Popa, T., Windel, F., Morishita, T., Neufeld, E., Duqué, J., Derosière, G., Wessel, M. J., & Hummel, F. C. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01901-z · Cited by 97
Complementary Features of Attention Bias Modification Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
White, L. K., Sequeira, S., Britton, J. C., Brotman, M. A., Gold, A. L., Berman, E., Towbin, K., Abend, R., Fox, N. A., Bar-Haim, Y., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16070847 · Cited by 96
Anticipatory Anxiety Disrupts Neural Valuation during Risky Choice
Engelmann, J. B., Meyer, F., Fehr, E., & Ruff, C. C. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2880-14.2015 · Cited by 102
Pathomechanisms and compensatory efforts related to Parkinsonian speech
Arnold, C., Gehrig, J., Gispert, S., Seifried, C., & Kell, C. A. (2014) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.10.016 · Cited by 98
A central role for the retrosplenial cortex in de novo environmental learning
Auger, S. D., Zeidman, P., & Maguire, E. A. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.09031 · Cited by 99
Transdiagnostic Effects of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cue Reactivity
Kearney-Ramos, T. E., Dowdle, L. T., Lench, D. H., Mithoefer, O. J., DeVries, W. H., George, M. S., Anton, R. F., & Hanlon, C. A. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.016 · Cited by 97
The neural correlates of worry in association with individual differences in neuroticism
Servaas, M. N., Riese, H., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22476 · Cited by 96
Insula response and connectivity during social and non-social attention in children with autism
Odriozola, P., Uddin, L. Q., Lynch, C. J., Kochalka, J., Chen, T., & Menon, V. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv126 · Cited by 95
“We conducted a generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis (McLaren et al., 2012) to examine the functional interaction between a specific region-of-interest (ROI, here, an independently derived right dAI node of the salience network) and the rest of the brain.”
Method
Time-dependent memory transformation along the hippocampal anterior–posterior axis
Dandolo, L., & Schwabe, L. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03661-7 · Cited by 105
Parent–child intervention decreases stress and increases maternal brain activity and connectivity during own baby-cry: An exploratory study
Swain, J. E., Ho, S.-H. S., Rosenblum, K. L., Morelen, D. M., Dayton, C. J., & Muzik, M. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000165 · Cited by 97
Volitional regulation of emotions produces distributed alterations in connectivity between visual, attention control, and default networks
Sripada, C., Angstadt, M., Kessler, D. A., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., Evans, G. W., Welsh, R. C., Kim, P., & Swain, J. E. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.006 · Cited by 99
Empathy and stress related neural responses in maternal decision making
Ho, S.-H. S., Konrath, S., Brown, S., & Swain, J. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00152 · Cited by 92
Non-perceptual Regions in the Left Inferior Parietal Lobe Support Phonological Short-term Memory: Evidence for a Buffer Account?
Yue, Q., Martin, R. C., Hamilton, A. C., & Rose, N. S. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy037 · Cited by 94
Association of Irritability and Anxiety With the Neural Mechanisms of Implicit Face Emotion Processing in Youths With Psychopathology
Stoddard, J., Tseng, W., Kim, P., Chen, G., Yi, J. Y., Donahue, L. M., Brotman, M. A., Towbin, K. E., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3282 · Cited by 93
Violent offenders respond to provocations with high amygdala and striatal reactivity
da Cunha‐Bang, S., Fisher, P. M., Hjordt, L. V., Perfalk, E., Skibsted, A. P., Bock, C., Baandrup, A. O., Deen, M., Thomsen, C., Sestoft, D. M., et al. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx006 · Cited by 92
Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI
Pechenkova, E., Nosikova, I., Rumshiskaya, A. D., Litvinova, L., Rukavishnikov, I. V., Mershina, E. A., Sinitsyn, V. E., Ombergen, A. V., Jeurissen, B., Jillings, S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00761 · Cited by 97
Neural Conflict-Control Mechanisms Improve Memory for Target Stimuli
Krebs, R. M., Boehler, C. N., Belder, M. D., & Egner, T. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht283 · Cited by 92
Oxytocin selectively facilitates learning with social feedback and increases activity and functional connectivity in emotional memory and reward processing regions
Hu, J., Qi, S., Becker, B., Luo, L., Gao, S., Gong, Q., Hurlemann, R., & Kendrick, K. M. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22760 · Cited by 98
Orbitofrontal cortex mediates pain inhibition by monetary reward
Becker, S., Gandhi, W., Pomares, F. B., Wager, T. D., & Schweinhardt, P. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw173 · Cited by 95
FOCAL AND ABERRANT PREFRONTAL ENGAGEMENT DURING EMOTION REGULATION IN VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: Research Article: Prefrontal Regulation of Affect in PTSD
Rabinak, C. A., MacNamara, A., Kennedy, A. E., Angstadt, M., Stein, M. B., Liberzon, I., & Phan, K. L. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22243 · Cited by 89
Alterations in visual cortical activation and connectivity with prefrontal cortex during working memory updating in major depressive disorder
Le, T. M., Borghi, J., Kujawa, A., Klein, D. N., & Leung, H. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.004 · Cited by 94
Mindfulness training reduces stress and amygdala reactivity to fearful faces in middle-school children
Bauer, C. C. C., Caballero, C., Scherer, E., West, M. R., Mrazek, M. D., Phillips, D. T., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2019) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000337 · Cited by 85
CONN functional connectivity toolbox: RRID SCR_009550, release 21
Nieto-Castañón, A., & Whitfield, S. (2021) · Hilbert Press eBooks · doi:10.56441/hilbertpress.2161.7292 · Cited by 94
Oxytocin Modulates Attention Switching Between Interoceptive Signals and External Social Cues
Yao, S., Becker, B., Zhao, W., Zhao, Z., Kou, J., Ma, X., Geng, Y., Ren, P., & Kendrick, K. M. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.189 · Cited by 88

Authors: McLaren, D. G., Ries, M. L., Xu, G., & Johnson, S. C.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Johnson, Sterling C.
ORCID: McLaren, Donald G.
Xu, Guofan
Johnson, Sterling C.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-07
Volume: 61
Issue: 4
Pages: 1277-1286
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068
PMC: PMC3376181
OpenAlex: W2132137022
Cited by: 1,445
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 99 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 122 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 23.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review (I01CX000165)
National Institutes of Health (AG021155, AG000213)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords: generalized psychophysiological interaction, functional MRI, statistical parametric mapping, model fit, Akaike information criterion, brain connectivity
MeSH terms: Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Neurological, Psychophysiology, Sensitivity and Specificity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A generalized form of context-dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI): A comparison to standard approaches

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks