Cited by 1,026Psychological and Educational Research StudiesReinforcement Learning in RoboticsCreativity in Education and Neuroscience

The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity

Open access
Kidd, Celeste, Hayden, Benjamin Y.·2015·Neuron

Abstract

Curiosity is a basic element of our cognition, but its biological function, mechanisms, and neural underpinning remain poorly understood. It is nonetheless a motivator for learning, influential in decision-making, and crucial for healthy development. One factor limiting our understanding of it is the lack of a widely agreed upon delineation of what is and is not curiosity. Another factor is the dearth of standardized laboratory tasks that manipulate curiosity in the lab. Despite these barriers, recent years have seen a major growth of interest in both the neuroscience and psychology of curiosity. In this Perspective, we advocate for the importance of the field, provide a selective overview of its current state, and describe tasks that are used to study curiosity and information-seeking. We propose that, rather than worry about defining curiosity, it is more helpful to consider the motivations for information-seeking behavior and to study it in its ethological context.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.010

Cites

136 of 136 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Bonawitz EB van Schijndel T Friel D Schulz L Balancing theories and evidence in children's exploration, explanations, and learning Cognitive Psychology 2012 64 4 215 234 22365179
  2. Gweon H Pelton H Konopka JA Schulz LE Sins of omission: Children selectively explore when agents fail to tell the whole truth Cognition 2014 132 335 341 24873737
  3. Johnson MH Dziurawiec S Ellis HD Morton J Cognition 1991 40 1 19 1786670
  4. Pelz M Yung A Kidd C Quantifying Curiosity and Exploratory Play on Touchscreen Tablets Proceedings of the IDC 2015 Workshop on Digital Assessment and Promotion of Children's Curiosity 2015
  5. Schulz L Bonawitz EB Serious fun: Preschoolers play more when evidence is confounded Developmental Psychology 2007 43 4 1045 1050 17605535
  6. Tolman EC Gleitman H Studies in learning and motivation Journal of Experimental Psychology 1949 39 6 810 819 15398592

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kidd, C., & Hayden, B. Y.
Affiliations
University of Rochester (US)
Corresponding author
Hayden, Benjamin Y.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-11
Volume
88
Issue
3
Pages
449-460
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2147130840
Cited by
1,026
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 115 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 11 · 2012: 1
FWCI
3.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA038615)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Educational Research Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Keywords
curiosity, information seeking, motivation, decision-making, student motivation, ethology
MeSH terms
Cognitive Neuroscience, Animals, Decision Making, Exploratory Behavior, Humans, Learning, Motivation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review