The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 15 of the 52 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin
Open accessAbstract
Social play activities among juveniles are thought to contribute to the development of social and emotional skills in humans and animals. Conversely, social play deficits are observed in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, many of these disorders show sex differences in incidence, course of the disease, and severity of symptoms. We hypothesized that sex differences in the neural systems controlling social behavior can contribute to these differences. We therefore studied the involvement of the sexually dimorphic vasopressin and oxytocin systems, which have been implicated in these disorders, in juvenile social play behavior. Single-housed 5-week-old juvenile male and female rats were exposed in their home cage to an age-and sex-matched novel conspecific for 10 min, and social play behaviors were recorded. We found no consistent sex differences in duration or elements of social play in vehicle-treated rats. However, intracerebroventricular injection of the specific vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist (CH2)5Tyr(Me(2))AVP significantly reduced social play behaviors in males while increasing them in females. Intracerebroventricular injection of the specific oxytocin receptor antagonist des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)(2),Thr(4)]OVT did not alter social play in either sex. To locate the effects of V1aR blockade on social play, we targeted the lateral septum, a sexually dimorphic brain region showing denser vasopressin fibers in males than in females and an abundant expression of V1aR in both sexes. Surprisingly, blockade of V1aR in the lateral septum increased social play behaviors in males, but decreased them in females. These findings suggest sex- and brain region-specific roles for vasopressin in the regulation of social play behavior in juvenile rats.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Central vasopressin regulates juvenile social play in sex- and brain-region-specific ways: ICV V1aR blockade reduced play in males but increased it in females, while lateral-septum V1aR blockade had the opposite pattern. Oxytocin receptor blockade had little effect on social play.
Key findings
- ICV V1aR antagonist produced sex × treatment effects for duration of social play (F2,50=4.68, p<0.05) and nape attacks (F2,50=11.0, p<0.001), with a tendency for pins (F2,50=3.09, p=0.054). Post hoc tests showed V1aR antagonist-treated males had decreased duration of social play and fewer nape attacks (p<0.05 vs vehicle and vs OTR antagonist), whereas treated females had increased nape attacks (p<0.05 vs vehicle and vs OTR antagonist).
- ICV OTR antagonist did not alter social play in either sex, except females showed fewer nape attacks than males (p<0.05).
- Lateral-septum V1aR antagonist yielded effects opposite to ICV injection: sex × treatment effects for duration of social play (F2,34=9.39, p<0.005), nape attacks (F2,34=5.82, p<0.01), and pins (F2,34=12.2, p<0.001). In males, septal V1aR antagonist increased duration of social play (p<0.01 vs vehicle), nape attacks (p<0.005 vs vehicle; p<0.05 vs AVP-treated males), and pins (p<0.01 vs vehicle; p<0.05 vs AVP-treated males); in females, it reduced duration of social play (p<0.05 vs vehicle) and pins (p<0.001 vs vehicle; p<0.05 vs AVP-treated females).
- Septal synthetic AVP did not change social play. No sex differences were found in vehicle-treated or AVP-treated rats, except more pins in females than males in Experiment 2 (p<0.05).
Methods
- Juvenile 5-week-old Wistar rats were single-housed after cannulation and tested in a resident-intruder social play paradigm: each resident was exposed in its home cage to an unknown age- and sex-matched intruder for 10 min during the first hour of the dark phase. Behavior was videotaped and scored blind using JWatcher.
- Experiment 1: ICV injections of Ringer’s vehicle (males n=8; females n=10), V1aR antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me2)AVP (0.75 μg/5 μl; males n=11; females n=8), or OTR antagonist des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT (0.75 μg/5 μl; males n=9; females n=8), tested 20 min later.
- Experiment 2: septal injections of Ringer’s vehicle (males n=7; females n=7), V1aR antagonist (10 ng/0.5 μl; males n=7; females n=7), or synthetic AVP (200 pg/0.5 μl; males n=7; females n=6), tested 20 min later. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA (sex × treatment) and Bonferroni post hoc tests, significance p<0.05.
Limitations
- The paper does not include a formal limitations section. It states that the lack of OTR antagonist effects was surprising and may reflect opposing effects in different brain regions canceling out after ICV injection; it also states that the absence of septal AVP effects could be due to insufficient AVP concentration or because endogenous AVP already influences play at maximum levels.
- The paper states that ICV V1aR antagonist effects cannot be explained by the lateral septum alone and likely reflect net inhibition of V1aR activation across multiple brain regions.
- Evident from the text: findings are based on acute, single-dose pharmacological manipulations in 5-week-old single-housed rats tested in a resident-intruder context, with small group sizes (n=6–11); no dose-response or long-term developmental outcomes are reported, and baseline sex differences in social play were largely absent except for pins in Experiment 2.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
10 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Own interpretation · 5 Supported · 5 Partly supported · 4 Not checked yet · 4 Own method · 3 Supported so far · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“For example, a prenatal immune challenge reduced social play as well as AVP mRNA expression in the BNST and MeA, but did so in males only (Taylor et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Taylor et al., 2012 source
The Background reports that prenatal LPS exposure reduced juvenile play behavior and AVP mRNA expression in the MeA and BST in male, but not female, rats. The Abstract Results independently states the same finding; the paper uses BST for the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, called BNST in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“blockade of V1aR in the lateral septum increased social play behaviors in males, but decreased them in females.”
- Also stated in: § Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play · plain
“in males, V1aR antagonist treatment significantly increased duration of social play (p < 0.01 versus vehicle; Fig. 3A), number of nape attacks (p < 0.005 versus vehicle; p < 0.05 versus AVP-treated males ; Fig. 3D)and number of pins (p < 0.01 versus vehicle; p < 0.05 versus AVP-treated males; Fig. 3E).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“septal injections of V1aR antagonist increased social play behaviors in males, while decreasing them in females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intracerebroventricular injection of the specific oxytocin receptor antagonist des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT did not alter social play in either sex.”
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
“ICV injection of the OTR antagonist did not affect social and non-social behaviors, except that females showed less nape attacks than males (p < 0.05; Fig. 2D).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“we were surprised to find hardly any effects of ICV injections of a specific OTR antagonist on social play behaviors”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“blockade of V1aR in the lateral septum increased social play behaviors in males, but decreased them in females.”
- Also stated in: § Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play · plain
“V1aR antagonist treatment in females significantly reduced duration of social play (p < 0.05 versus vehicle; Fig. 3A) and number of pins (p < 0.001 versus vehicle; p < 0.05 versus AVP-treated females; Fig. 3E).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“septal injections of V1aR antagonist increased social play behaviors in males, while decreasing them in females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found no consistent sex differences in level or elements of social play in vehicle-treated rats.”
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
“No sex differences were found for social play behaviors in vehicle-treated rats (Fig. 2).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Administration of AVP into the LS did not result in changes in social play behaviors (Fig. 3).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Although septal injections of V1aR antagonists affected social play, we did not see an effect of AVP itself.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intracerebroventricular injection of the specific vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist (CH2)5Tyr(Me2) AVP significantly reduced social play behaviors in males, while increasing them in females.”
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
“V1aR antagonist-treated males showed a significant decrease in duration of social play and number of nape attacks (Fig. 2A and 2D; p < 0.05 versus vehicle as well as versus OTR antagonist groups).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“ICV injections of V1aR antagonist significantly reduced social play behaviors in males, but increased these behaviors in females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“V1aR antagonist-treated females showed a significant increase in number of nape attacks (Fig. 2A and D; p < 0.05 versus vehicle as well as versus OTR antagonist groups).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Importantly, the AVP and OXT systems are sexually dimorphic (De Vries, 2008).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites De Vries, 2008 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our studies indicate for the first time the involvement of AVP in the modulation of social play in juvenile rats.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicates that the effects of ICV injections of V1aR antagonist on social play cannot be explained by an effect on the LS, even though the LS borders with the lateral ventricles.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We demonstrated that central AVP regulates juvenile social play behavior in brain region- and sex-specific ways.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“These findings suggest sex- and brain region-specific roles for vasopressin in the regulation of social play behavior in juvenile rats.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that the neurochemical underpinnings of social play differ between males and females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Moreover, reduced anxiety is found in V1a receptor knockout male, but not female, mice (Bielsky et al., 2004, 2005).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bielsky et al., 2004, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AVP released from cells in the BNST and MeA is a logical candidate for playing such a dimorphic role.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Instead, the widespread distribution of V1aR throughout the brain, including many areas that border the ventricles (Tribollet et al., 1988), suggests that the effects of ICV injections on social play reflect a net inhibition of V1aR activation in multiple brain regions.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tribollet et al., 1988 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In fact, play-soliciting behaviors were found to be higher in females than in males when playing with an unfamiliar partner (Cirulli et al., 1996).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cirulli et al., 1996 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Importantly, we do not find effects of surgery and cannula or probe implantation after two days on behavior in various behavioral tests (Beiderbeck et al., 2007; Veenema et al., 2010, 2012; Lukas et al., 2011, 2013).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Experimental procedures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Beiderbeck et al., 2007 source
- Not matchedcites Veenema et al., 2010, 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Lukas et al., 2011, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“However, these sex differences in social play disappear when rats are briefly isolated and tested for social play in resident-intruder settings (Panksepp & Beatty, 1980; Panksepp, 1981; Thor & Holloway, 1984).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In juvenile male hamsters, for example, AVP cells in the nucleus circularis and the SON showed enhanced c-Fos immunolabeling after social play, suggesting increased activity (Cheng et al., 2008).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cheng et al., 2008 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Males show more social play than females when social play is recorded among cage-mates and under undisturbed conditions (Poole & Fish, 1976; Meaney & Stewart, 1981; Parent & Meaney, 2008).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Furthermore, V1aR blockade in the anterior hypothalamus (which is a possible projection site of AVP cells in the nucleus circularis and SON; Cheng et al., 2008) decreased the number of attacks and bites during social play in juvenile male hamsters (Cheng & Delville, 2009).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 21
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For example, compared to females, males have more AVP-expressing cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and medial amygdala (MeA) and denser AVP-axonal projections to limbic brain regions, especially to the lateral septum (LS) (De Vries et al 1981; van Leeuwen et al., 1985; Szot & Dorsa, 1993).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites De Vries et al 1981 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (p. 9) reports denser AVP-containing fibers in male rats’ lateral septum and, to a lesser extent, lateral habenular nucleus; the Extrahypothalamic areas results (p. 6) show the septal difference persists into adulthood. Our copy does not report that males have more AVP-expressing cells in the BNST or MeA, so it supports the projection-density part of the sentence but not the cell-count part. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites van Leeuwen et al., 1985 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Szot & Dorsa, 1993 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“To test the hypothesis that the sexually dimorphic effects of ICV injections of V1aR blockade were mediated by the sexually dimorphic projections of the BST and MeA, we specifically targeted the LS, which shows denser AVP fibers in males than in females (De Vries et al., 1981) and abundant expression of V1aR in male and female juvenile rats (Veenema et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites De Vries et al., 1981 source
The Extrahypothalamic areas section (p. 6) reports that AVP-containing fiber density in the lateral septum increased markedly in males but not females during development, with the sex difference persisting into adulthood. The V1aR-expression clause is attributed to a different citation, not to De Vries et al. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites Veenema et al., 2012 source
The Veenema citation is attached to the claim about abundant V1aR in juvenile rats of both sexes. The Discussion states that both male and female juvenile rats show abundant septal V1aR binding densities. The separate claim about denser AVP fibers in males is attributed to De Vries et al., not Veenema. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Conversely, social play deficits are observed in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), early-onset schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Alessandri, 1992; Moller & Husby, 2000; Jordan, 2003).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Alessandri, 1992 source
- Partly supportedcites Moller & Husby, 2000 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “The Behavioral Dimensions” (page unavailable), the paper reports social passivity, withdrawal, or isolation during the prodrome of schizophrenia. It does not report deficits in social play specifically or establish the claim for early-onset schizophrenia; the other disorders in the sentence have separate citations. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jordan, 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In humans, AVP has sex-specific effects on social communication (Thompson et al., 2006) and V1aR polymorphisms correlate with pair-bonding behavior in men, but not in women (Walum et al., 2008).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thompson et al., 2006 source
- Supportedcites Walum et al., 2008 source
The Walum citation attaches only to the claim about V1aR polymorphisms and pair-bonding, not the preceding claim about AVP and social communication. The Discussion (page not supplied) reports an association between the AVPR1A RS3 allele and measures of pair-bonding in men, and says the association was found only in men. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Sex differences in behavioral or brain responses were also found after manipulations of the OXT brain system in voles (Insel & Hulihan, 1995) and after intranasal OXT application in humans (Kubzansky et al., 2012; Lische et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Insel & Hulihan, 1995 source
- Supportedcites Kubzansky et al., 2012 source
The Methods (2.1) describe a placebo-controlled experiment using intranasal oxytocin in men and women. The Results (3.3 and 3.4) report sex-dependent differences in math performance and negative affect after administration, supporting the human-response portion attributed to Kubzansky et al.; the vole portion is attributed to a different citation. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not matchedcites Lische et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For example, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) typically appear early in development and are four to eight times more common in males than in females (Fombonne, 2003; Beaudet, 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fombonne, 2003 source
- Partly supportedcites Beaudet, 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The sex-ratio passage (labeled Abstract in our copy; page not provided) supports male predominance in autism. It gives a male:female ratio of 2:1 to 4:1 at the severe end of the spectrum and often 8:1 or greater at the milder end, rather than a general 4:1 to 8:1 range for all ASD. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This sex difference is found in many mammalian species (De Vries & Panzica, 2006) and already exists in juveniles (De Vries et al., 1981).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites De Vries & Panzica, 2006 source
Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.
- Supportedcites De Vries et al., 1981 source
The Discussion (p. 9) reports that male rats had denser AVP-containing fibers than females in the lateral septum from postnatal day 12 onward. The claim about many mammalian species is attached to a different citation and is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not checked yet
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Using the same concentration and injection procedure, we found previously that septal AVP injections extended social recognition in female juvenile rats and in male and female adult rats (Veenema et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Veenema et al., 2012 source
The Discussion reports that septal AVP injections extended social discrimination in adult males and females and facilitated it in juvenile females, but not juvenile males. The Experimental procedures specify that the AVP groups were tested at intervals when pilot studies found no social discrimination, supporting the description of extended recognition. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Likewise, silencing MeCP2 expression in the MeA reduced social play (Kurian et al., 2008) as well as AVP mRNA expression in the MeA (Forbes-Lorman et al., 2012) in males but not in females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Kurian et al., 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports that neonatal Mecp2 siRNA treatment in the developing amygdala reduced juvenile social play in male rats but not females. The paper describes amygdala targeting, not specifically the medial amygdala (MeA). AVP mRNA expression is attributed to the separate Forbes-Lorman et al. citation, so it is not judged against Kurian et al. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Forbes-Lorman et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Experiment 1 reports that neonatal MeCP2 siRNA reduced AVP mRNA in the amygdala of male rats; the Discussion says it had no effect on female AVP expression. The paper reports the mRNA measurement for the amygdala, not specifically the medial amygdala (MeA). The sentence cites Kurian et al. for the separate social-play finding. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Time of administration and concentrations of drugs were based on previous studies showing behavioral effects in rats (Lukas et al., 2011, 2013; Veenema et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Experimental procedures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lukas et al., 2011, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Veenema et al., 2012 source
The Materials and Methods (Experimental procedures; page not provided) specify that rats received injections immediately after exposure to a stimulus animal and give the drug doses. The Results (Experiment 3; page not provided) report effects of AVP on social discrimination in rats, so this paper is a prior study documenting behavioral effects under a stated administration schedule and dose. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Moreover, whereas in the current study septal AVP injections did not alter social play in either sex, it facilitated social recognition in female, but not male juveniles (Veenema et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Veenema et al., 2012 source
The Discussion states that septal AVP injections facilitated social discrimination in juvenile females, but not males. The paper treats social discrimination as a measure of social recognition. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“V1aR blockade in the LS, for example, made juvenile males as well as females spend more time investigating a familiar as opposed to a novel conspecific, albeit that these effects were significantly stronger in males than in females (Veenema et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Veenema et al., 2012 source
The Discussion states that V1aR blockade, including injections in the lateral septum, made juveniles prefer familiar over novel conspecifics and that the effect was significantly stronger in males than females. Experiment 2’s Results also report this preference in both sexes after lateral-septum injections. Page numbers are not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, V1aR antagonist treatment induced robust sex differences in social play behaviors with males showing lower levels of social play (p < 0.005) and fewer nape attacks (p < 0.001) than females (Fig. 2A and 2D).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No sex differences were found for social play behaviors in vehicle-treated or AVP-treated rats, except for a sex difference in the number of pins, with more pins in females than in males (p < 0.05; Fig 3E).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“except that females showed more pins than males in the second experiment.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, V1aR antagonist injections into the septum induced robust sex differences in social play behaviors with males showing higher levels of social play (p < 0.001; Fig. 3A), more nape attacks (p < 0.001; Fig. 3D), and more pins (p < 0.005; Fig. 3E) than females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 2: Effects of septal injections of V1aR antagonist and synthetic AVP on social play
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) have been found to modulate various social behaviors such as pair bonding, aggression, and social recognition in adult rodents (Donaldson & Young, 2008; Veenema & Neumann, 2008; Goodson & Thompson, 2010), and social trust, social cooperation, and social cognition in adult humans (Kosfeld et al., 2005; Guastella et al., 2010; Rilling et al., 2”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“even though the dose that we used impaired social recognition in adult male rats (Lukas et al., 2013) and in juvenile male rats (Veenema, unpublished observation).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Lukas et al., 2013 source
- Not matchedcites Veenema, unpublished observation
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that AVP stimulates social play in males while inhibiting it in females.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the synthesis of OXT in hypothalamic brain regions is significantly higher in female than in male mice (Haussler et al., 1990) while OTR binding densities in several brain regions is higher in male than in female rats (Uhl-Bronner et al., 2005; Dumais, Veenema, unpublished observation).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Haussler et al., 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Uhl-Bronner et al., 2005 source
- Not matchedcites Dumais, Veenema, unpublished observation
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, AVP facilitates partner preference in male, but not in female, prairie voles (Cushing et al., 2001).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cushing et al., 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings demonstrate the specificity of the behavioral changes observed after acute pharmacological manipulations of the AVP system on social play and social recognition, two distinct forms of social behavior.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings further demonstrate that AVP is an important modulator of juvenile social behaviors and affects these behaviors in sex- and brain region-specific ways and may also depend on context.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the experiments, rats were killed with CO2, and either blue ink (ICV) or charcoal (LS) was injected as marker to check proper placement of the cannulae visually (ICV) or histologically on Nissl-stained coronal brain sections (LS; see Fig. 1B).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Cannulation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In support, ICV injections of OTR antagonist failed to inhibit partner preference in male prairie voles (Winslow et al., 1993), but injections into the lateral septum did (Liu et al., 2001).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intruder rats did not focus on the cannulae of the experimental rats during the social play tests.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Experimental procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the NIH and approved by the University of Massachusetts Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Animals
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All tests were videotaped and behavior was measured by a researcher blind to the treatment condition using JWatcher (http://www.jwatcher.ucla.edu/).”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Social play behavior test
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Infusions of V1a receptor antagonists directly into the LS reduce play in males, while increasing it in females (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of these three systems, AVP and glutamate regulated social play behavior in sex-specific ways.”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“More specifically, the LS plays a critical role in juvenile social play behavior as demonstrated in both rats and hamsters (Beatty et al., 1982;Cheng & Delville, 2009;Veenema et al., 2013, Bredewold et al., 2014, 2015).”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Juvenile social play contributes to the development of adult social and emotional skills in humans and non human animals [1–6]”
From Developmental exposure to low levels of ethinylestradiol affects social play in juvenile male rats (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Indeed, we recently showed that pharmacological blockade of AVP V1a receptors in the lateral septum increased social play in juvenile males while it reduced social play in juvenile females (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“AVP via V1aR in the lateral septum modulates social play behavior in the home cage (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These drug concentrations were shown to be effective in altering social play (Veenema et al., 2013) or other social behaviors (Veenema et al., 2012; Dumais et al., 2013b; Lukas et al., 2013) in rats.”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, OTR blockade in the lateral septum (this study) and intracerebroventricularly (Veenema et al., 2013) failed to alter social play behavior in either sex”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We previously showed that arginine-vasopressin (AVP), glutamate, and GABA systems in the LS each modulate social play behavior in both male and female juvenile rats (Veenema et al., 2013, Bredewold et al., 2014, 2015).”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In detail, administration of the AVP V1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist into the LS increased social play levels in males and decreased it in females (Veenema et al., 2013, Bredewold et al., 2014) while administration of glutamate receptor antagonists into the LS decreased social play levels in females, while no changes in social play levels were seen in males (Bredewold et al., 2015).”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, we confirmed previous findings that LS-V1aR blockade induced a sex difference in social play (Veenema et al., 2013;Bredewold et al., 2015).”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Drug doses were chosen based on previous microinjection studies in rats inducing changes in behavior (Veenema et al., 2012(Veenema et al., , 2013;;Bredewold et al., 2015;Stanley et al., 1993;Numan et al., 2010).”
From Vasopressin regulates social play behavior in sex-specific ways through glutamate modulation in the lateral septum (2025) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and pharmacological manipulation of the V1a receptor elicits a sex-dependent effect on social play.”
From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“intracerebroventricular infusions of this V1aR antagonist, which reach a much wider range of potential neural AVP targets, reduced play in males.”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“play behavior is increased in juvenile male rats infused with a V1aR antagonist into the septum (Veenema et al., 2013)”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While AVP has been implicated in juvenile social play (Cheng and Delville, 2009; Veenema et al., 2013)”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies in our and other laboratories have demonstrated that AVP 1a receptor (V1aR) antagonists influence levels of play fighting in juvenile hamsters and rats (Cheng and Delville, 2009; Veenema et al., 2013), but the direction of these effects depends upon the sex of the subject and brain area injected.”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, intracerebroventricular injections of a V1aR antagonist decrease play fighting of male rats, but increase that of females, whereas septal injections cause the opposite effects (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“infusions of a V1aR antagonist alter levels of play in females, again in a region-specific manner (Veenema et al., 2013)”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Effects of these infusions, however, are opposite to those seen in males.”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“AVP does influence play in this sex, at least during the juvenile phase, as infusions of a V1aR antagonist alter levels of play in females, again in a region-specific manner (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, AVP signaling in the LS regulates social play behavior in juvenile rats (Bredewold et al., 2014; Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We recently showed that vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) blockade in the lateral septum (LS) enhances social play in male juvenile rats, but reduces it in females.”
From Involvement of dopamine, but not norepinephrine, in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile socially rewarding behavior by vasopressin (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“ICV administration of the specific V1aR antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP) reduced social play behavior in male juveniles, while increasing social play behavior in female juveniles (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Vasopressin and oxytocin receptor systems in the brain: Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of social behavior (2016) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“V1aR blockade in the LS changed social play behavior in both male and female juvenile rats, but in opposite directions (Veenema et al., 2013).”
From Vasopressin and oxytocin receptor systems in the brain: Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of social behavior (2016) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“VP system manipulations in the LS produced opposite effects on social play behavior in juvenile rats (Veenema et al., 2013; Bredewold et al., 2014)”
From Vasopressin and oxytocin receptor systems in the brain: Sex differences and sex-specific regulation of social behavior (2016) · cites this paper as Veenema et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > RESULTS > Experiment 1: Effects of ICV injections of V1aR and OTR antagonists on social play
“F2,50=4.68, p < 0.05”
§ Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin > METHODS > Experimental procedures
“males n=8; females n=10), the specific V1aR antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me2)AVP (Manning et al., 2008; 0.75 μg/5 μl Ringer; males n=11; females n=8), or the specific OTR antagonist des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT (Manning et al., 2008; 0.75 μg/5 μl Ringer; males n=9; females n=8)”
Citations
Cites
The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Palkovits, M. (1983) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(83)90049-5 · Cited by 28,959
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · cited 1×
“Coordinates in mm from bregma were: lateral ventricle (+1.0 AP, 1.6 LM; 1.6 DV); LS (+0.4 AP, 1.0 LM, 3.6 DV; Paxinos & Watson, 2007).”
InfluentialAChE-stained horizontal sections of the rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates
Paxinos, G., WATSON, C. R. R., & Emson, P. C. (1980) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(80)90021-7 · Cited by 4,501
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690 · cited 1×
“In adult humans they have been found to modulate social trust, social cooperation, and social cognition in adult humans (Kosfeld et al., 2005; Guastella et al., 2010; Rilling et al., 2012).”
BackgroundOxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality
Donaldson, Z. R., & Young, L. J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158668 · Cited by 1,645 · cited 1×
“The neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) have been found to modulate various social behaviors such as pair bonding, aggression, and social recognition in adult rodents (Donaldson & Young, 2008; Veenema & Neumann, 2008; Goodson & Thompson, 2010).”
BackgroundThe Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits
Burghardt, G. M. (2005) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3229.001.0001 · Cited by 1,094
A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles
Winslow, J. T., Hastings, N., Carter, C. S., Harbaugh, C. R., & Insel, T. R. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365545a0 · Cited by 948
Fombonne, E. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.87 · Cited by 604 · cited 1×
“For example, ASD typically appear early in development and are four to eight times more common in males than in females (Fombonne, 2003; Beaudet, 2012).”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of social play behavior in rats
Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., Niesink, R. J. M., & Van Pee, J. M. (1997) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00020-6 · Cited by 559 · cited 2×
“Social play is thought to contribute to the development of social and emotional skills in humans and animals (Baldwin, 1986; Pellegrini, 1988; Vanderschuren et al., 1997; Bekoff & Byers, 1998; Van den Berg et al., 1999; Guralnick et al., 2006; Cordoni & Palagi, 2011).”
BackgroundPanksepp, J. (1981) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420140405 · Cited by 537 · cited 3×
“However, these sex differences in social play disappear when rats are briefly isolated and tested for social play in resident-intruder settings (Panksepp & Beatty, 1980; Panksepp, 1981; Thor & Holloway, 1984).”
BackgroundMethod
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Baldwin, 1986, Behavior in infancy: exploration and play, vol. 2, 295
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dumais, K. M., & Veenema, A. H. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.003 · Cited by 520
“For example, VP system manipulations in the LS produced opposite effects on social play behavior in juvenile rats (Veenema et al., 2013; Bredewold et al., 2014), intranasal VP produced opposite effects on facial perception in humans (Thompson et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe neurobiology of social play and its rewarding value in rats
Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., Achterberg, E. J. M., & Trezza, V. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.025 · Cited by 329
Evolution of oxytocin pathways in the brain of vertebrates
Knobloch, H. S., & Grinevich, V. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00031 · Cited by 259
“…seems to be very complex as in many behavioral and cognitive aspects both peptides modulatory interact (Neumann, 2009; Bosch and Neumann, 2012; Stoop, 2012) and furthermore, as constituting a sexual dimorphic systems, vary in their relative priority in males or females (Veenema et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAlbers, H. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.07.001 · Cited by 200
“, intracerebroventricular injections (ICV)) on play behavior in rats (Veenema et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdolescence and Reward: Making Sense of Neural and Behavioral Changes Amid the Chaos
Walker, D. M., Bell, M. R., Flores, C., Gulley, J. M., Willing, J., & Paul, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1834-17.2017 · Cited by 183
Metadata
- Authors
- Veenema, A. H., Bredewold, R., & De Vries, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2554-2561
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3812261
- OpenAlex
- W2028338644
- Semantic Scholar
- f09caaee69653f9665581705ac1f141ba96e1349
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 15.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH047538)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- social play, vasopressin, oxytocin, sex differences, vasopressin 1a receptor, lateral septum, young rats, social behavior, neurodevelopmental disorders, intracerebroventricular administration, oxytocin receptor antagonist
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Male, Microinjections, Peptides, Play and Playthings, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Vasopressins, Receptors, Vasopressin, Receptors, Oxytocin, Septum of Brain, Rats, Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-12, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-12 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
